Susceptibility variations of multiple origins of loess from the Ily Basin (NW China)

The magnetic susceptibility of loess from the Ily Basin,northwestern China shows maximum values in S0 paleosols but minimum values in other paleosols,the mechanism of which has been well debated.In this work,systematic magnetic measurements were made on a representative section from Neleke county.The results show that the loess horizons(L1,L2 and L3) have multi-domain magnetite grains of aeolian origin,S0 is characterized by production of pedogenetic ultrafine-grained ferrimagnetic minerals,and the other paleosols(S1,S2,and S3) are characterized by the formation of nonferrimagnetic minerals associated with waterlogging.The correlation between the low concentration of ferrimagnets,high paramagnetic content,high magnetic coercivity remanence,fine ferrimagnetic grain size and intensified pedogenesis suggest two competing processes of pedogenetic enhancement and pedogenetic depletion in the lower paleosols.Pedogenetic depletion dominates and is responsible for the low susceptibility.Changes in magnetic grain size distribution occur during pedogenetic depletion.The susceptibility variations are of multiple origins in the loess of the Ily Basin.Pedogenetic enhancement,pedogenetic depletion,and allochthonous input of magnetic minerals should all be taken into account to explain the variations of magnetic parameters.     

Environmental magnetism and paleoclimatic interpretation of the Sanmenxia loess-paleosol sequence in the southeastern extremity of the Chinese Loess Plateau

This is a report of multi-parameter mineral magnetic results of the Sanmenxia loess-pa-leosol couplets in the SE extremity of the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP) over the interval of L1- L13 spanning the last 1 Ma. These results show that mass-specific magnetic susceptibility (X), XARM and SIRM and their ratios exhibit parallel stratigraphic variations. Since superparamagnetic (SP) particles have significant contribution to X but no contribution to remanence, e.g., ARM and SIRM, the strong linear correlations between X and remanence (e.g., ARM and SIRM) suggest that the pedogenesis-produced magnetic grains are predominantly in small single domain range. Consequently, the significant contribution of SP particles to the bulk X as supposed in previous studies has been obviously overestimated. XARM/X data in Sanmenxia and median grain size records of typical loess sections from the hinterland of the CLP display a strong resemblance, implying that XARM/X may be regarded as a reliable indicator for monitoring the variations of ferrimagnetic grain sizes. The results of S-ratio and HIRM ((SIRM IRM-0.3T)/2) measurements indicate that there is significant enhancement of both soft magnetite/maghemite and hard hematite/goethite in paleosols associated with pedogenesis.     

Use of environmental magnetic measurements to characterize and correlate tephra-A case study in Iceland

A set of environmental magnetic parameters(i.e. magnetic susceptibility, xARM, IRMs, hysteresis loops and thermomagnetic curves) has been applied to two soil sections from SE Iceland. Results demonstrate that the main magnetic minerals in the tephras are ferrimagnetic minerals (e.g.magnetite) and canted antiferromagnetic minerals (e.g.haematite), with abundant paramagnetic material also present. Cross plots of Mrs/Ms vs. (B0)cr/(B0)c and xfd% vs.xARM/SIRM indicate that the main magnetic grain sizes in tephras are pseudo single domain (PSD) and multidomain(MD). Initial correlation of tephra layers was achieved, usingall the measured magnetic parameters, by use of the multi-variate statistical measures of Similarity Coefficient (SC) andEuclidean Distance (ED). This demonstrates that magnetictechniques can potentially assist in the identification andcorrelation of distal tephra.     

巢湖CH-1孔沉积物磁性、粒度特征分析

通过对巢湖湖心长1.5m的CH-1孔沉积物磁性参数和粒度组成进行测量,探讨了巢湖的沉积环境变迁.结果表明：CH-1孔沉积物以中粉砂和细粉砂为主,其次为黏土.该孔中黏土粒级对磁性矿物贡献最大.自底部向上,该孔分为4段：第1段,沉积物向上粒度变细,亚铁磁性矿物含量减少,亚铁磁性矿物颗粒变细;第2段,沉积物向上粒度变粗,亚铁磁性矿物含量减少,磁性矿物颗粒变细;第3段,沉积物向上粒度变细,亚铁磁性矿物含量增多,磁性矿物颗粒变粗;第4段,沉积物向上粒度变粗,亚铁磁性矿物含量增多,磁性矿物颗粒变粗.上述结果显示：巢湖湖面在整个沉积历史时期呈现上升和下降的交替变化,反映了气候变化对巢湖沉积的影响.     

稀土Fe基3：29和1：12型化合物的磁性研究

稀土Fe基3：29和1：12型磁性合金化合物显示硬磁性特征,具有发展成为新型永磁材料的可能性.研究其磁性机理有助于理解其磁性的本质.本文发展了传统的磁价模型,并将其适用性由强磁合金拓展到亚铁磁性的弱磁性合金.利用发展的磁价模型系统研究RFe12xMx,R3Fe29xMx和R2Fe17xMx（R=稀土元素,M=第三掺杂金属元素）稀土合金化合物及其渗碳和吸氮化合物的磁性.理论与实验相符.研究表明：稀土Fe基3：29和1：12型合金化合物的磁性与稀土磁矩相关.合金的弱磁性源于合金内部存在的亚铁磁性.渗碳或吸氮处理,导致合金内部亚铁性-铁磁性转变.导带中的sp电子对于磁性的贡献与重稀土的极化、碳和氮原子的俘获密切相关.发展的磁价模型甚至可以根据稀土化合物的结构式对其磁性进行预测.     

ISEA reversed event in the Cretaceous Normal Super-chron （CNS）： ^40Ar／^39Ar dating and paleomagnetic results

ThegeomagneticfieldwasfoundtobeofnormalpolarityforalongtimeduringtheCretaceousbyHelsleyandSteiner[1]andthiswaslaternamedasCretaceousNormalSuperchron(CNS)[2].TheCNSlastedalmost37Ma(120—83Ma).Severalabnormalgeologicalevents,suchasanoceanicanoxicevent,alargenumberofvol-canismandglobalclimaticwarmingduringtheCNShavebeenreported[3—11].Thishasledtomanyquestionsbeingraised.IsittruethattheEarthsmagneticfielddidnotreverseatallintheCNS?Ifitdidreverse,howmanytimesandwhendidthishappen?Istherea…     

Mineral magnetism of quaternary red earth in Eastern China and Its paleoenvironmental significance

Mineral magnetic measurements have been made on Quaternary Red Earth profiles from Zhejiang Province, Eastern China. Three distinctive magnetic stratigraphic horizons have been identified on the basis of magnetic susceptibility, anhysteretic remanent magnetization, saturation isothermal remanent magnetization and magnetization parameters measurements. Magnetic measurements revealed that there were great variations in ferrimagnetic mineral concentration, mineralogy assemblages and grain size in Quaternary Red Earth profiles, suggesting that these variations reflect pedogenic processes fluctuation and environmental changes. The preliminary results indicate that mineral magnetic measurement of Quaternary Red Earth is useful for studying the Quaternary environmental changes recorded in paleosols.     

钙钛矿La2/3Pb1/3MnO3外延膜的制备及磁性

利用磁控溅射法在单晶LaAlO3(100)衬底上成功地外延生长了La2/3Pb1/3MnO3薄膜.用X射线衍射仪、原子力显微镜和超导量子干涉仪、直流四探针法对其进行了表征.结果表明,薄膜为赝立方钙钛矿结构,晶格常数为3.861 nm,晶格失配度为2.1%,具有良好的单晶外延结构和较光滑的表面,且薄膜中晶粒的生长模式是"柱状"模式.居里温度为325 K,在居里温度附近,发生铁磁-顺磁转变.此材料呈现出一种典型的自旋玻璃特性.是由于应力造成的.在1.OT磁场下,其磁电阻为23.4%.     

铁钛平行分选对微细粒钛铁矿强磁选的影响

采用"铁钛平行分选"工艺对高压辊磨超细碎的-3.2 mm钒钛磁铁矿进行选别实验,研究了强磁选对钛铁矿的分选效果.当磨矿细度为-74μm粒级占80%时,辊压产品选钛给矿的单体解离度较颚破产品高0.58%,辊压产品-19μm+11μm粒级中铁氧化物的单体含量较颚破产品低1.38%.与颚破产品采用"阶段磨矿-阶段分选"工艺相比,"铁钛平行分选"得到的强磁精矿中Ti O2的回收率提高5.11%,-19μm粒级的含量降低2.62%.不同粒级钛铁矿在分选空间中的受力分析表明,当粒度降低时,钛铁矿所受的比阻力急剧增加,而比磁力却有所降低,这增加了钛铁矿颗粒被磁场捕获的难度."铁钛平行分选"能够降低选别过程中微细粒钛铁矿的新生成量,改善钛铁矿的强磁选别效果.     

攀西微细粒钛铁矿工艺矿物学特征

以传统工艺矿物学研究方法为基础,结合化学分析、XRD,SEM及MLA等手段,对微细粒钛铁矿物料的化学组成、矿物组成、粒度分布、矿物嵌布特征进行了研究,在此基础上,对物料分选特性进行了讨论分析.研究结果表明:物料中67.04%的有价元素Ti赋存在钛铁矿中,脉石矿物主要为钛辉石、绿泥石和长石;物料中-19μm粒级产率达74.33%,其中各矿物粒度分布差别较大,有用矿物粒度较脉石矿物细;钛铁矿矿物单体解离度为90.43%,与钛辉石紧密连生.该研究结果为攀西微细粒钛铁矿物料的高效回收提供了依据.     

一维亚铁磁无序混合自旋链的磁特性的Monte Carlo模拟

基于一维自旋链模型,采用Monte Carlo方法模拟研究了具有反铁磁相互作用的自旋S-1和自旋S-3/2混合的亚铁磁系统的磁特性,重点研究了自旋的无序排列对此混合系统磁特性的影响.研究发现,基态时,当自旋S-1和自旋S-3/2交替混合(有序排列)时,系统存在M-H磁化曲线的阶梯效应;而当自旋S-1和自旋S-3/2无序混合时,系统的阶梯效应出现涨落,台阶甚至消失.最后,通过对系统自旋组态和能量的研究,解释了该混合系统中所产生的阶梯效应和相图.     

长江中下游河流沉积物磁性特征初探

通过多参数磁性测量分析,探讨长江中下游干、支流河流沉积物的磁性特征,为研究长江水沙环境积累基础资料.研究结果表明,长江中下游干、支流河流沉积物中,磁性矿物类别均以磁铁矿为主,晶粒均以假单畴-多畴为主.与干流相比,支流沉积物中不完整反铁磁性物质含量较多,晶粒较细,Χ值仅是干流的1/10.随着支流泥沙的汇入,入江口以下江段沉积物的磁性特征相应发生变化.支流泥沙物源贡献的研究是探讨长江中下游干流沉积物环境特征的主要因子.     

Palaeomagnetism of the Vredefort meteorite crater and implications for craters on Mars

Magnetic surveys of the martian surface have revealed significantly lower magnetic field intensities over the gigantic impact craters Hellas and Argyre than over surrounding regions. The reduced fields are commonly attributed to pressure demagnetization caused by shock waves generated during meteorite impact, in the absence of a significant ambient magnetic field. Lower than average magnetic field intensities are also observed above the Vredefort meteorite crater in South Africa, yet here we show that the rocks in this crater possess much higher magnetic intensities than equivalent lithologies found elsewhere on Earth. We find that palaeomagnetic directions of these strongly magnetized rocks are randomly oriented, with vector directions changing over centimetre length scales. Moreover, the magnetite grains contributing to the magnetic remanence crystallized during impact, which directly relates the randomization and intensification to the impact event. The strong and randomly oriented magnetization vectors effectively cancel out when summed over the whole crater. Seen from high altitudes, as for martian craters, the magnetic field appears much lower than that of neighbouring terranes, implying that magnetic anomalies of meteorite craters cannot be used as evidence for the absence of the planet's internally generated magnetic field at the time of impact.     

钙钛矿La0.7Pb0.3MnO3的结构和磁性研究

采用固相反应烧结法成功制备了单相多晶样品La0．7Pb0.3MnO3，用X射线衍射和超导量子干涉仪及振动样品磁强计对其结构和磁性进行了研究。结果表明，样品呈菱面相晶体结构，空间群为R-3C，居里温度Tc=348K，在居里温度附近，发生铁磁一顺磁转变。此材料呈现出一种典型的团簇玻璃特性，其阻截温度为336K，并且对零场冷却和场冷却曲线给出了合理的解释。室温下，其矫顽力只有40Oe。     

西藏甲玛铜多金属矿床岩浆-热液过渡阶段的矿物学证据

从矿物学的角度寻找甲玛铜多金属矿床斑岩体岩浆热液出溶的证据,建立起岩浆-热液过渡的详细过程。通过电镜扫面阴极发光对矿物的显微结构进行细致观察,并结合矿物化学特征,得到岩浆-热液过渡阶段的信息:(1)石英斑晶具有强烈的溶蚀结构,蠕虫状石英斑晶中溶蚀湾切断石英第一阶段的生长环带;(2)显微空腔将豆荚状或糖状结构石英与破布状黑云母(较少磷灰石、磁铁矿)、长石等相连接;(3)斑岩中伴生萤石,黑云母和角闪石中的F含量高;(4)斑岩体中流体包裹体与富挥发分熔融包裹体共存。岩浆挥发分作为主要的流体相被挤出岩浆并以气泡的形式聚集在岩浆房外壳顶部,并使已固结的矿物发生自交代。随着易挥发组分的增多,使气体压力大于束缚压力,导致岩浆外壳和邻近围岩突然破裂。岩浆流体沿着围岩裂隙流出并以热液的形式交代围岩。同时,由于减压造成岩浆热液的二次沸腾,使成矿元素沉淀。     

中亚塔吉克斯坦南部黄土剖面上下部地层磁化率明显差异原因浅析

中亚塔吉克斯坦南部的黄土序列与中国黄土高原相似, 呈现黄土?古土壤交替的特征, 前人研究发现塔吉克斯坦黄土序列中以PC3为界的下部黄土与古土壤单元磁化率明显低于上部地层, 目前对这一现象尚无合理的古气候解释。本文对中亚塔吉克斯坦南部Darai Kalon黄土剖面的典型样品进行系统的矿物磁学研究以及漫反射光谱测量, 结果表明, 从黄土序列的下部到上部, 亚铁磁性矿物的总量以及超顺磁与单畴磁性颗粒的含量均呈增长的趋势, 与此同时, 硬磁性组份(如赤铁矿或针铁矿)的含量逐渐减少, 这可能指示成壤作用强度随时间增强。赤铁矿的适宜生长条件为高温干燥环境, 因此黄土序列下部的较高赤铁矿含量可能支持气候逐渐变湿的推论, 即下部地层沉积时期气候偏干, 成壤作用较弱, 古土壤中含较少的亚铁磁性矿物, 超顺磁与单畴磁性矿物颗粒较少, 故下部地层的磁化率较低。然而, 光谱测量数据显示, 下部地层针铁矿含量高于上部地层, 由于针铁矿的适宜生长条件为湿润环境, 其含量向上逐渐降低的趋势当指示气候逐渐变干。因此, PC3以下地层的较低磁化率也可能是过于湿润的环境溶解超顺磁和单畴磁性矿物颗粒造成的。尽管高场(达2 T)等温剩磁结果显示上部地层中以赤铁矿为主的硬磁性矿物含量较少, 但上部地层红度(a*)与赤铁矿含量之间较弱的相关性指示基体效应可能对光谱测量结果产生强烈的影响, 导致对赤铁矿光谱数据的解释存在很大的不确定性。针铁矿含量与磁化率的良好负相关性的确指示从下至上气候变干的趋势, 这一趋势与该地区前人的孢粉学和地球化学研究结果一致。以上研究结果表明, 对于中亚塔吉克斯坦南部黄土?古土壤序列的磁化率乃至矿物磁学数据的古气候解释非常复杂, 在中亚黄土研究中应用基于中国黄土磁学研究的模式需要谨慎, 有必要结合多指标进行综合分析。     

钙钛矿La0.67Pb0.33MnO3薄膜的制备及表征

利用磁控溅射法在单晶LaAlO3(100)衬底上成功的外延生长了La0.67Pb0.33MnO3薄膜。用X射线衍射、原子力和超导量子干涉仪、振动样品磁强计对其进行了表征。结果表明,薄膜为赝立方钙钛矿结构,晶胞参数为a=3.861 nm,具有良好的单晶外延结构和光滑的表面。居里温度TC=345 K,在居里温度附近,发生铁磁-顺磁转变。此材料呈现出一种典型的自旋玻璃特性,是由于应力造成的。在室温条件下,当H=0.8T时,磁电阻效应非常明显,此现象是由于固有磁电阻效应引起的,并不是低场磁电阻效应引起的。室温下,其矫顽力只有50奥斯特。     

各向异性亚铁磁链的自旋波理论

利用自旋波理论,对各向异性的亚铁磁链进行研究,得到了低激发能谱,同时计算了该体系的自由能、比热容等热力学量.进一步考虑在外磁场作用下该系统的情况,计算了系统的磁化强度,其磁化强度曲线出现一个平台,此平台随着各向异性因子的增加而逐渐消失.通过对这些物理量的研究,得出各向异性因子在亚铁磁链中起到很重要的作用.对于该体系中准粒子的激发,在两个临界值之间的各向异性因子对其起到一定的抑制作用,而在其它的情况下,这种作用会消失.因此,对于各向异性的亚铁磁链,各向异性因子就像是该系统的开关.     

由钛铁矿制备高纯度盐酸钛液

报道了由钛铁矿制备高纯度盐酸钛液的工艺过程,研究了萃取纯化过程中TBP浓度、水相酸度、萃取平衡时间及钛液浓度等因素对实验结果的影响,考察了盐酸浸取钛铁矿的条件。结果表明,TBP萃取纯化盐酸钛液十分有效,控制适当条件可得到高纯度钛液。     

液氮冷却作用下三类高温岩石力学性能试验研究

为了研究液氮冷却对高温岩石物理力学性能的影响，对不同温度下(25~350℃)的花岗岩、片麻岩和砂岩试样进行液氮冷却处理，开展了一系列的物理力学试验研究，结合微观观察结果分析了各类岩石的损伤机理.结果表明，提高加热温度能够加剧液氮对岩石内部结构的损伤，随温度的升高，岩石的孔隙率、峰值应变逐渐增大，而纵波波速、抗压强度和弹性模量则相反.高温和液氮冷却所产生的热应力导致岩石内部裂纹的萌生和扩展，且微裂纹主要沿石英矿物边界发育.随着加热温度的升高，微裂纹的数量呈逐渐增加的趋势，这是岩石宏观特性退化的主要原因.三类岩石对加热和液氮冷却处理的敏感度不同，这与岩石在成岩作用、矿物成分、胶结类型以及孔隙结构方面的差异有关.