高效毛细管电泳法测定牛奶和奶糖中的三聚氰胺

目的 研究建立一种高效毛细管电泳分离测定痕量三聚氰胺的新方法.方法 以高度压差进样,在优化的实验条件下,采用高效毛细管电泳对三聚氰胺进行分离检测.结果 三聚氰胺的峰面积与其质量浓度在1～100μg/mL范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.999 04,检出限为0.27μg/mL(S/N=3).应用于牛奶和奶糖中三聚氰胺含量的测定,回收率为81.36%～93.52%,相对标准偏差为2.82%～5.89%.结论 该法可用于食品及饲料中三聚氰胺含量的测定.     

固相萃取与高效液相色谱联用快速测定鲜奶中的三聚氰胺

采用固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定鲜奶样品中的三聚氰胺.固相萃取柱为Strata-X-C,液相色谱柱Thermo BDS HYPERSIL C8(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm);流动相为乙腈:0.01 mol/L辛烷磺酸钠-柠檬酸缓冲溶液(10:90,V:V),检测波长为 238 nm.三聚氰胺峰的保留时间为 8.25 min.三聚氰胺在 1.0～50μg/mL 范围内具有良好的线性关系(R=0.997),在添加量为30,60,90 mg/kg 时,三聚氰胺标准加入回收率为90.40%～91.10%,RSD为1.14%～1.88%.方法检出限为0.1 mg/kg.     

气相色谱-质谱联用分析三聚氰胺的方法研究

建立了使用气相色谱一质谱(GC-MS)测定食品中三聚氰胺含量的分析方法.利用三乙胺、水、甲醇(10/30/60)超声革取样品中的三聚氰胺,将提取液离心、过滤、衍生后采用GC-MS的单反应离子选择模式(SIM)进行检测.方法在0.1～50mg/L范围内呈现良好的线性关系,而且灵敏度高,最低检测限0.1 μ g/g.应用所建立的方法测定了奶粉食品中的三聚氰胺含量,为三聚氰胺滥用的检测和判断提供了方法.     

高效液相色谱法检测鸡蛋中的三聚氰胺

建立了高效液相色谱法检测鸡蛋中三聚氰胺的方法。样品用1%三氯乙酸和2.2%乙酸铅超声提取。色谱柱为HypersilODS100×4.6mm,5μm;流动相为乙腈:辛烷磺酸钠离子对试剂(pH=3)=15:85(V/V);流速为1mL/min;检测波长为210nm;柱温为40℃。三聚氰胺在0.2μg/mL～10μg/mL范围内,有良好的线性关系。在空白样品中添加0.2μg/mL、0.4μg/mL、1.0μg/mL三个质量浓度的标准工作液,回收率在82.0%～104.0%,相对标准偏差为6.81%(n=9)。     

高效液相色谱法测定鱼粉中组胺含量

建立了鱼粉中组胺的柱前衍生、液相色谱检测方法。样品经高氯酸溶液提取、丹磺酰氯衍生化反应后经高效液相色谱—紫外检测器检测,外标法定量。方法的检出限为50 mg/kg,浓度在2.0～80.0μg/mL范围内,线性良好（R2=0.999 3）,添加浓度在50、300、1 000 mg/kg时,回收率均大于70%,相对标准偏差（RSD）小于7%,结果表明该方法可适用于鱼粉中组胺的测定。     

三聚氰胺对吉富罗非鱼的急性毒性研究

采用接触、腹腔注射及口服3种致毒方式,对吉富罗非鱼(GIFT Oreochromis niloticus)进行三聚氰胺的急性毒性研究.口服急性毒性实验中,在饲料中添加不同浓度的三聚氰胺,进行21d的吉富罗非鱼摄食养殖实验,实验鱼初体重为(55.00±0.05)g.实验结果表明:三聚氰胺溶解度较低,在接触实验中其水溶液没有表现出毒性,96LC50>3500mg/L;而在腹腔注射致毒方式下,三聚氰胺对吉富罗非鱼的半致死剂量LD50=1311.90mg/kg;LD5095%可信限为1169.06～1472.21mg/kg;在21d口服急性毒性实验中,添加三聚氰胺后不同程度地降低了吉富罗非鱼的摄食率和特定生长率,但对存活率和饲料系数均无显著影响.三聚氰胺对吉富罗非鱼21d的最大未观察到有害作用剂量(no-observed-adverse-effect-level,NOAEL)为31.00mg/(kg*d).     

超声波萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱快速检测叶菜中残留农药

使用超声强化萃取-液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS-MS)方法对叶菜中常用28种农药建立了快速检测方法.5 g样品在40 mL混合液(V乙酸乙酯:V石油醚=2:1)中超声强化萃取35 min,0.22 μm膜过滤后直接进行LC-MS-MS检测.在0.1×10-3～0.2 mg/kg范围内线性良好,线性相关系数r＞0.997 0,精密度为92.8 %～100.3 %,加标水平在3.5×10-3～2.0×10-2 mg/kg时,回收率为83.6%～98.7%,RSD＜4.4%,加标水平在7.6×10-3～4.0×10-2 mg/kg时,回收率为83.8%～99.6%,RSD＜4.7%;定量限为0.1～5.0 μg/kg.本方法快速、简便、灵敏度高,可用于华东地区叶菜中多类多残留的快速检测.     

HPLC-MS/MS法测定液态奶中三聚氰胺的含量

建立HPLC-MS/MS法测定液态奶中三聚氰胺的含量,按国家限量标准,比较其是否合格.样品经乙腈-水（5∶5）,0.6mol/LHCl提取后,用二氯甲烷-丙醇（2∶1）反提取,采用ODS-C18（5μm,150mm×2.0mm）柱,20%乙腈-水（含0.5mmol/LNH4AC）为流动相,用串联四极杆质谱在选择性反应监测（SRM）模式下检测.三聚氰胺在0.02480～4.960μg/mL范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数r为0.9982;方法高、中、低3个浓度的精密度（RSD）为4.21%～8.92%,准确度为96.2%～107.2%.方法的加样提取回收率为73.76%～77.99%,定量限为0.02480μg/mL.该方法特异性好、灵敏度高、简便、经济,适合液态奶中三聚氰胺的快速检测.     

反相离子对HPLC法同时测定盐酸二甲双胍中双氰胺和三聚氰胺的含量

建立一种简单的反相离子对HPLC方法测定盐酸二甲双胍中的双氰胺和三聚氰胺的含量.使用Hypersil ODS C18反相色谱柱(5μm;250×4.6 mm),乙腈-离子对试剂水溶液(10 mmol/L戊烷磺酸钠+10 mmol/L柠檬酸,pH为3.0,体积比10∶90)为流动相,流速1.0 mL/min,检测波长217 nm,柱温25℃.结果表明:双氰胺在0.02²0μg/mL浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数R=0.999 9,平均回收率为97.6%,RSD=0.29%;三聚氰胺在0.0220μg/mL浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数R=0.999 9,平均回收率为97.6%,RSD=0.29%;三聚氰胺在0.02⁵0μg/mL浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数R=0.999 9,平均回收率96.5%,RSD=0.32%.双氰胺和三聚氰胺的检出限分别为4.0 ng/mL和6.0 ng/mL.该方法简单、快速、准确、灵敏,适于同时测定盐酸二甲双胍制剂中的双氰胺和三聚氰胺的含量.     

超声波辅助-反相HPLC法测定郑州市火棘果中的有机酸

用高效液相色谱法对郑州地区火棘果中有机酸的种类及含量进行了测定.色谱柱为HypersilODSC1(84.6mm×250mm,5μm);流动相:磷酸二氢钠-磷酸缓冲液(pH2.6);流速:0.8mL/min;检测波长:210nm.实验结果表明:火棘果果实中主要含柠檬酸9.243mg/kg,苹果酸10.244mg/kg,琥珀酸7.215mg/kg;在0.1～200.0μg/mL范围内,线性关系良好,相关系数分别为0.9999,0.9999,0.9998;最低检测限为0.01～0.04μg/mL.本法简便、准确、快捷,用于郑州地区火棘果中有机酸的测定,为火棘资源的质量检测与开发利用提供了科学依据.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the