钻削过程声发射信号模型的理论研究

分析钻削过程中钻头的磨损形式和声发射源及其数学模型。方法用声发射信号与钻削过程的理论关系,研究钻削过程中各塑性变形区的塑性功功率数学表达式。     

用声发射信号在线监测切削刀具的磨损与破损

通过监测金属切削过程中的声发射信号，判别切削刀具刃部的磨损状况．监测逐渐增大的声发射信号幅值大小，测量刀具后刀面的磨损情况；检测阶跃式声发射信号的幅值，监测刀具的破损情况．并用微机处理实验数据产生刀具破损的信号．还对刀具破损时声发射信号阀值进行了研究．     

金属切削过程声发射机理

研究了金属切削过程的声发射机理，建立了正交切削条件下的金属切削过程声发射理论模型，即声发射信号能量与切削参数的关系模型，通过车削加工过程声发射检测实验，证实了模型的正确性。     

基于分形维数的刀具状态在线监测新方法

以分形几何理论为基础,对刀具不同磨损阶段声发射信号的分形特征进行了分析。提出了计算非完全分形体信号波形的关联维数时尺度范围的确定方法,分析了声发射信号在刀具磨缶过程中分形维数的变化特性。刀具磨损切削实验数据表明,声发射信号的分形维数受切削参数变化影响较小,分形维数反映了声发射信号的几何特征,其大小能较好地反映刀具的不同磨损状态。实验结果表明,该方法能正确地实时在线监测刀具的不同磨损状态。     

刀具磨损声振特性的功率谱分析

对车削加工中刀具磨损的切削声信号和振动信号进行了功率谱多参数分析，在诸多影响参数中，滤波功率谱值之和随刀具磨损量ＶＢ的变化规律最为显著，且谱散度分析对处于正常磨损阶段的刀具磨损程度估计与预报有一定价值。     

车削过程中刀具磨损和破损状态的自动识别

采用机床主电动机功率法和声发射(AE)法来获取切削过程中发出的刀具磨损和破损信号,建立了刀具状态试验系统.在试验数据的基础上,建立了功率信号的自回归时序模型,在提取作为刀具磨损特征量的模型参数时考虑了切削用量的影响.针对刀具破损时功率信号时域幅值变化的随机性,提出用延时方差法来处理功率信号,数据分析结果表明,这种方法是可行的.针对切削过程中发出的AE信号,采用时频分析的方法进行处理,提取出反映刀具破损的特征量,最后利用2个并行的自适应共振神经网络ART-2实现了刀具状态的自动识别,识别成功率达到95%.     

基于声发射速率过程理论的钢绞线损伤演化试验研究

为了实现钢绞线损伤的实时量化评价,基于速率过程理论建立了钢绞线的损伤演化与声发射信号特征参数的相关方程.采用声发射技术对钢绞线的拉伸过程进行了动态监测,在此基础上采用多项式模型推导了钢绞线的声发射事件概率密度函数和损伤演化方程.试验结果表明:钢绞线弹性阶段的声发射信号主要来源于钢丝之间的摩擦,而塑性阶段的信号则来源于钢绞线材料的塑性变形,钢绞线声发射累积计数曲线与加载曲线具有同步变化关系,声发射累积计数曲线较好地描述了钢绞线材料内部损伤发生及发展变化的全过程.分析结果验证了采用速率过程理论建立的损伤演化方程对钢绞线损伤进行量化评价的有效性和准确性.     

切屑折断过程的声发射特性

对车削过程中的声发射特性进行了试验研究，结果表明：切削过程中产生突发型特性的剪切滑移，切屑折断、刀具破损的声发射信号各不相同；切屑形状与声发射信号特征有一定的对应关系。     

氧化铝陶瓷磨削金刚石砂轮磨损的声发射监测

阐述了声发射监测工程陶瓷磨削的研究进展,发现目前对金刚石砂轮磨损监测研究基本上是选取声发射信号均方根(即有效值)进行分析,且金刚石砂轮磨损状态的声发射监测准确率不高.为提高金刚石砂轮磨损状态的声发射监测准确率,设计了氧化铝陶瓷磨削声发射实验,并采用支持向量机建立金刚石砂轮磨损状态的分类模型.分析发现氧化铝陶瓷精密磨削中声发射信号最强频谱能量在30~40kHz频段.金刚石砂轮轻度磨损、严重磨损钝化和修锐之后的磨削声发射信号频谱有明显不同;而且磨削声发射信号小波分解系数的方差值能够很好地反映金刚石砂轮磨损状态.结果表明采用磨削声发射信号的小波分解系数方差作为支持向量机判别金刚石砂轮磨损状态的输入特征,金刚石砂轮磨损状态分类测试的准确率达100%.     

基于声发射监测的砂轮磨损实验

难加工材料的高硬度和高耐磨性使得磨削加工过程中砂轮的损耗变快,目前主要依靠经验判断砂轮的修整和更换周期,很有可能导致修整不及时的情况发生.本文用声发射信号和磨削力信号共同精确监测砂轮磨损状态,通过分析不同磨损状态的砂轮磨削时对应的声发射信号的特征参数以及磨削力和磨削力比的变化情况,综合判断了实验过程中砂轮的磨损状态.结果表明:声发射信号特征参数都与砂轮磨损状态有一定相关性,且磨削力比与砂轮磨损程度的相关性最大,证明了声发射监测技术在砂轮修整中的有效性,为实际生产加工提供了理论指导.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that