基于Spark平台的岩石图像聚类分析

提出了一种基于概率选择的K-means聚类算法,并将其应用到Spark平台进行图像聚类,得到的数据集远小于初始数据集,大大降低了算法的迭代次数,聚类速度非常快。在Spark平台应用改进的K-means算法进行岩石图像处理,对岩石图像进行特征提取,使得岩石图像易于区分,解决了传统的聚类算法无法确定初始中心、聚类数目K的选取不当可能导致聚类失败、算法容易受到噪声和孤立点影响等问题。     

层次预处理的非负矩阵分解加权集成聚类算法

图像聚类是当前的研究热点，非负矩阵分解（non-negative matrix factorization, NMF）算法在图像聚类领域得到了广泛应用。但是单一的NMF算法无法应用于所有数据集，并且NMF算法直接在数据的原始空间进行处理，抗噪能力较差。集成聚类可以解决上述问题，集成聚类将若干个基础聚类结果合成一个一致性结果，不仅可以提高聚类的求解质量，还可以增强算法的鲁棒性。因此本文提出一种层次预处理的NMF加权集成聚类算法。该算法将层次划分、集成聚类和二部图的思想引入到NMF算法中。在预处理阶段，利用层次划分得到聚类数目。之后采用局部加权的方法得到协关联矩阵。最后利用基于二部图的一致性函数进行划分得到最终的聚类结果。在5个数据集上进行实验，验证了本文算法相对于传统算法和其他集成算法的有效性。     

基于离群点检测的K-means算法

K-means算法以其简单、快速的特点在现实生活中得到广泛应用.然而传统Kmeans算法容易受到噪声的影响,导致聚类结果不稳定,聚类精度不高.针对这个问题,提出一种基于离群点检测的K-means算法,首先检测出数据集中的离群点,在选择初始种子的时候,避免选择离群点作为初始种子.然后在对非离群点进行聚类完成后,根据离群点到各个聚类的距离,将离群点划分到相应的聚类中.算法有效降低离群点对K-means算法的影响,提高聚类结果的准确率.实验表明,在聚类类别数给定的前提下,在标准数据集UCI上该算法有效降低离群点对K-means算法的影响,提高了聚类的精确率和稳定性.     

基于区域生长和聚类的主动脉CTA图像序列分割算法

针对人体主动脉CTA序列图像的特点,提出了一种基于区域生长和聚类的序列分割新算法.在确定好合适的分割阈值范围后,结合基于区域生长的算法对主动脉的目标区域进行轮廓提取,然后对得到的目标轮廓在基于isodata的算法上进行聚类处理,由于主动脉在空间上的连续性,可以将聚类后得到的目标区域的聚类中心作为下一幅CT图像新的种子点再进行区域生长,从而实现仅在选择单幅图像种子点的情况下一次性完成整套CT序列图像的分割.实验结果表明,本文算法计算量小,分割精度高,可以完整准确地将主动脉从CT序列图像中分割出来.     

基于改进DEC的评论文本聚类算法

针对原始深度嵌入聚类(DEC)算法中聚类层得出的初始聚类数目和聚类中心有很强的随机性,从而影响DEC算法效果的问题,提出一种基于改进DEC的评论文本聚类算法,对无类别标注的电商评论数据进行无监督聚类.首先获得融合句子嵌入向量和主题分布向量的BERT-LDA数据集向量化表示;然后改进DEC算法,通过自动编码器进行降维处理,在编码器后堆叠聚类层,其中聚类层的聚类数目基于主题连贯性选择,同时使用主题特征向量作为自定义聚类中心,再进行编码器和聚类层的联合训练以提高聚类的准确度;最后利用可视化工具直观展示聚类效果.为验证算法的有效性,将该算法与6个对比算法在无标注的产品评论数据集上进行无监督聚类训练,结果表明,该算法在轮廓系数和Calinski-Harabaz(CH)指标上取得了0.213 5和2 958.18的最佳效果,说明其可有效处理电商评论数据,反映用户对产品的关注情况.     

基于扫描线种子填充的二值图像聚类算法

提出了一种基于扫描线种子填充的二值图像快速聚类算法 .该算法步骤为 :对二值图像进行扫描 ,如果检测到了目标点 ,则将该点作为新的聚类的种子 ,将该种子扩展到整个目标区域 ,形成一个包含目标区域的聚类 .该算法的特点为 :只需一次扫描即可动态生成所有聚类 ,聚类总数动态生成 ,每一时刻只有一个聚类被处理 ,可提前进行一些后续处理 ,算法描述简单 ,易于编程实现 .     

自适应约束惩罚的粒子群聚类算法

提出了基于惩罚约束问题的群体智能聚类算法PCSI,不必穷尽搜索样本集,利用粒子群算法的优化搜索机制在数据集中有指导地随机搜索聚类中心向量,能够以较小的计算代价确定样本集的类别数.有约束优化过程的罚函数为两部分之和:①目标函数,各样本与其类别中心的均方误差;②自适应惩罚项,即数据集的边界作为粒子群移动的约束条件,对约束违反程度进行惩罚.为降低不平衡数据集的影响,按照数据集的方差和模糊高斯函数,将样本到其类别中心的距离进行模糊映射,归一化到[0,1]区间.粒子群优化方法免去了传统方法的求导计算.聚类IRIS数据集和Reuters-21578文档集以验证算法的有效性,对大规模数据聚类有明显优势.     

基于空间分布优选初始聚类中心的改进K-均值聚类算法

针对海量数据聚类过程中,经典的K-均值聚类算法对其K个初始聚类中心点的选择以及数据集噪声十分敏感的问题,提出了一种针对海量数据考虑初始聚类中心点选择的聚类算法.该算法首先采用冒泡排序法对数据集进行排序,获取数据集的各维中心值组成第一个初始聚类中心点.其次,通过计算与第一个初始聚类中心点的欧式距离,对剩余候选初始聚类中心点进行优化选择,保证所有的聚类中心点均匀地分布在数据集密度较大的空间上,以此减少聚类过程中的迭代次数和提高聚类算法效率.最后,基于UCI(University of California,Irvine)中多个数据集,进行聚类算法对比实验.结果表明,在不降低聚类效果的前提下,该聚类算法的迭代次数平均降低到50％,所需的时间降低平均达10％,由实验结果还能推出,当点集的数目越多时,该算法就能表现出越明显的聚类优势效果.     

一种基于改进FCM的自动图像分割算法

针对FCM进行图像分割时需要人为确定聚类数的问题,提出一种改进的基于FCM的图像分割算法.该算法先对图像进行4叉树结构的子图分解(即原图等分为2×2的4幅子图,子图再等分为2×2的4幅子图),待子图满足一定条件时进行聚类数为2的FCM聚类分割;然后将分割好的区域根据其大小及相邻区域直方图的巴氏距离进行合并,得到最终的分割结果,从而避免了聚类数目的直接确定.实验结果表明:该算法能够获得很好的分割效果;对子图进行聚类分割减少了每次参与聚类的对象数,从而在一定程度上降低了算法的计算量.     

基于离群点检测的K-means算法

K-means算法以其简单、快速的特点在现实生活中得到广泛应用。然而传统K-means算法容易受到噪声的影响,导致聚类结果不稳定,聚类精度不高。针对这个问题,提出一种基于离群点检测的K-means算法,首先检测出数据集中的离群点,在选择初始种子的时候,避免选择离群点作为初始种子。然后在对非离群点进行聚类完成后,根据离群点到各个聚类的距离,将离群点划分到相应的聚类中。算法有效降低离群点对K-means算法的影响,提高聚类结果的准确率。实验表明,在聚类类别数给定的前提下,在标准数据集UCI上该算法有效降低离群点对K-means算法的影响,提高了聚类的精确率和稳定性。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that