矮岩羊种群的生态学资料

利用路线调查方法分别于1998年7-8月和2000年7-8月对巴塘县的矮岩羊（Pseudois schaeferi）种群进行了初步研究，结果显示，从20世纪50年代以来，矮岩羊的种群数量下降很快，目前主要栖息在巴塘县的竹笆笼到苏阿龙一带河谷及支流两侧陡峭的、难以攀越的悬崖绝壁上的岩壁草丛环境中，面积大约200km^2的范围内，数量大约在141只左右，活动群体的大小为2-10只，种群平均密度为0.705只/km^2，矮岩羊生性胆小，易受惊吓，休息时喜欢用前脚刨地，约占休息时间的1/3。森林面积的锐减，人为猎杀，过渡放牧是影响矮岩羊种群数量和生存环境的主要原因。     

喀斯特生境中白鹇的活动节律、时间分配及集群行为

2012年8月至2013年10月,在广西弄岗国家级自然保护区15 hm~2森林大样地及其周边地区布设35台红外相机,在12 427个相机工作日中共获得白鹇有效照片495张(组),独立有效照片381张(组)。采用日活动强度指数、日行为频次比例和月行为频次比例来分析白鹇的活动规律和时间分配,同时统计白鹇的集群情况,结果表明:(1)白鹇每日有4个活动高峰期,且雌性白鹇的活动高峰期比雄性早1～2 h;(2)白鹇的主要行为是移动和觅食,分别占总行为频次的51.33%和37.20%,其余4种行为分别为警戒6.29%、对抗2.10%、休息1.68%、梳理1.40%,雌雄白鹇间在移动(t=2.266,df=28,P=0.038)和警戒(Z=-2.270,N=30,P=0.023)这2种行为上存在显著性差异;(3)仅雄性白鹇在旱季的觅食行为比例显著高于雨季(t=0.252,df=13,P=0.026),而其他行为频次比例无显著的季节性差异;(4)白鹇集群群体的个体数量为2～6只,其中2～3只比例最大,占95.06%;(5)白鹇有雌性集群、雄性集群及混合集群3种方式,在雨季以单性集群(尤其是雌性集群)为主,而在旱季则以混合集群为主,存在显著差异(SymbolcA@~2=6.984,df=1,P=0.008)。白鹇表现出来的活动节律、时间分配以及集群行为是对喀斯特石山栖息地的一种行为适应和生存策略。     

白马鸡冬季群体栖息地选择的经验模型

于2003年1-4和10-12月考察了四川省稻城县著杰寺、格瓦村、冉子村等地白马鸡(Crossoptilon crossoptilon)群体的栖息地选择.采用样线法进行系统取样或随机取样调查,通过Mann-Whitney U检验判定遇见样方(有白马鸡出现)和未遇样方(无白马鸡出现)间呈显著差异的环境变量,对这些变量进行数据转换(同一类型的变量相互乘积)并以它们为自变量,以白马鸡的出现赋值为1或不出现赋值为0为因变量进行逐步线性回归,结果中保留相关显著的变量(t检验,P＜0.05),从而得到白马鸡栖息地选择的经验模型.结果表明:距水源距离、灌木盖度、灌木高度、乔木盖度、乔木高度、乔木胸径和草本盖度等变量在遇见样方与未遇样方间呈显著差异(P＜0.05),数据转换后引入的3个新变量亦呈显著差异(P＜0.05);回归等式的决定系数较高且回归相关显著(r2=0.832,F=17.125,df=4,P=0.000),各自变量也相关显著(t检验,P＜0.05),而灌木盖度、灌木高度、乔木盖度、乔木高度、乔木胸径和草本盖度等变量相关不显著(t检验,P＞0.05).在3个乡的考察中对该经验模型进行了验证,采用同样方法进行数据变换,以与经验模型相同的自变量和因变量进行逐步线性回归,最后根据得到的各变量系数利用经验公式对白马鸡的栖息地选择进行了预测.以0.5为切断点将预测结果转化为0/1二态数据,利用成对样本t检验来验证经验模型的预测准确性.结果表明,在3个不同区域利用经验模型进行回归,回归等式均具有较高的决定系数,并回归显著,各自变量均显著相关(t检验,P＜0.05),成对样本t检验均未呈现显著差异(P＞0.05),具有较好的预测准确性.     

阿什河流域6种人工林叶片-凋落物-土壤系统的养分分配与利用格局

【目的】分别从人工林叶片、凋落物、土壤养分含量及化学计量比的差异,叶片-凋落物养分重吸收的差异,土壤有效养分及其活化的差异等方面,探究黑龙江阿什河流域6种人工林生态系统的养分吸收与利用策略,明确人工针叶林和阔叶林间以及不同树种间叶片-凋落物-土壤系统养分分配格局的差异,从养分优化利用和养分资源合理配置的角度考虑,推断适宜的互补树种,为流域森林景观的恢复和人工林的经营提供依据。【方法】以东北林业大学实验林场森林培育实验站次生林带状皆伐后营造的位置相近、立地条件基本一致的29年生红松、长白落叶松、红皮云杉、水曲柳、黄檗、胡桃楸人工林为研究对象,通过野外调查取样,室内使用碳氮分析仪测定叶片、凋落物、土壤C含量,使用凯氏定氮仪测定叶片和凋落物的N含量,硫酸-高氯酸消化-钼锑抗比色法测定叶片和凋落物的P含量,连续流动分析仪测定土壤的N含量、铵态氮($NH_{4}^{+}-N$)及硝态氮($NO_{3}^{-}-N$)含量,硫酸-高氯酸消化-钼锑抗比色法测定土壤的P含量,HCl-H₂SO₄浸提法测定土壤的有效磷含量。运用生态化学计量学的研究方法,分析各林分叶片-凋落物-土壤系统的养分含量及其生态化学计量特征,确定各凋落物营养的重吸收及土壤有效养分的供应特征。【结果】①针叶林叶片P含量(1.55 g/kg)显著低于阔叶林叶片P含量(2.02 g/kg)(P<0.05, F=16.92,df=1)。针叶林土壤C、P含量(47.75、1.17 g/kg)显著低于阔叶林土壤C、P含量(76.35、1.47 g/kg)(P<0.05, F_{C 含量}=75.15, F_{P 含量}=9.91,df=1)。6种林分中,水曲柳林叶片的N含量(19.64 g/kg)(P<0.05, F=5.26,df=5)、凋落物C、N、P含量(P<0.05, F_{C 含量}=2.34, F_{N 含量}=1.60, F_{P 含量}=6.74,df=5)和土壤的C、N、P含量(P<0.05, F_{C 含量}=154.84, F_{N 含量}=14.21, F_{P 含量}=53.55,df=5)均相对较高。红皮云杉林叶片P含量(1.30 g/kg)(P<0.05, F=36.71,df=5),长白落叶松林凋落物C含量(P<0.05, F=2.34,df=5),红松林凋落物N含量(P<0.05, F=1.60,df=5)均相对较低。②针叶林叶片碳磷质量比(C/P)值(314.84)显著高于阔叶林叶片C/P值(251.03)(P<0.05, F=20.43,df=1),阔叶林土壤C/P值(53.20)显著高于针叶林土壤C/P值(40.71)(P<0.05, F=15. 38,df=1)。6种林分中,红皮云杉林叶片C/P值(359.24)较高(P<0.05, F=35.02,df=5),水曲柳林叶片碳氮质量比(C/N)值(24.15)相对较低(P<0.05, F=11.42,df=5)。胡桃楸林土壤C/N值(19.82)显著高于长白落叶松林土壤的C/N值(5.62)(P<0.05, F=12.40,df=5)。③针叶林元素重吸收率为N的(25.31%)>P的(14.41%)。阔叶林P重吸收率(29.84%)显著高于针叶林P重吸收率(14.41%)(P<0.05, F=7.30,df=1)。6种林分中,水曲柳N重吸收率(P<0.05, F=13.66,df=5)、黄檗P重吸收率(P<0.05, F=60.40,df=5)相对较高。④阔叶林土壤有效P含量及有效P比率(11.74 mg/kg、8.22×10 ^-3)显著小于针叶林(16.59 mg/kg、14.24×10 ^-3)(P<0.05, F_{有效P含量}=7.32, F_{有效P比率}=11.84,df=1)。6种林分中,红松林和胡桃楸林土壤对N的活化能力相对较强,红松林和长白落叶松林土壤有效P的供应能力及其活化能力相对较强。【结论】针叶林叶片P元素利用率高,元素重吸收率为N>P。阔叶林土壤C、P含量较高、有效P积累能力弱、有效P含量及比例均显著低于针叶林,但其P的重吸收率显著高于针叶林。从优化养分资源角度考虑,针叶树种与阔叶树种混交,如红松与水曲柳、长白落叶松与水曲柳混交可以弥补针叶纯林养分分配与利用格局上的不足。     

山西五鹿山地区褐马鸡集群行为研究

1997和 1998年冬季对山西南部五鹿山地区褐马鸡的集群行为进行了调查 .结果表明 ,在不同的生境类型中 ,褐马鸡集群倾向略有不同 .群体大小在不同的生境中没有显著差异(Kruskal Wallis检验 ,χ2 =2 .2 7,p =0 .32 0 9,n =2 8) .褐马鸡的集群大小存在着月份间的差异 .对集群大小与月温度的相关分析表明 ,两者之间存在着显著的负相关关系 (r =- 0 .8399,p <0 0 5) .通过对五鹿山地区和芦芽山自然保护区褐马鸡的群体大小的比较 ,发现存在显著差异(Mann WhitneyU检验 ,Z =- 3 3959,p =0 0 0 7,n =4 1) ,可能与这 2个地区捕食压力和食物特征不同有关     

贵州宽阔水国家级自然保护区红腹锦鸡分布范围及生境选择研究

为深入了解贵州宽阔水国家级自然保护区红腹锦鸡分布范围及其生境选择利用情况,2017—2019年,基于红外相机陷阱技术对宽阔水保护区内红腹锦鸡开展调查研究,结果表明:1)保护区内红腹锦鸡较丰富,拍摄率高达1.91%,主要分布于保护区的核心区,缓冲区和试验区也有一定量的分布;2)坡位(x~2=19.633,df=2,P=0.0000.001)、基质类型(x~2=17.163,df=1,P=0.0000.001)、坡度(P0.01)、距居民点距离(P0.01)和距农耕地距离(P0.01)对红腹锦鸡有极显著影响;植被类型(x~2=14.163,df=4,P=0.0070.01)对红腹锦鸡有显著影响;其余因子对红腹锦鸡均无显著影响(P0.05)。     

矮岩羊生物学的研究

兽类学报1990;10(3):185—188 矮岩羊是我国特产的珍稀动物,1977年由澳大利亚Groves订为新种。笔者于1988年到四川省巴塘县采得国内第一批地模标本(7号)。矮岩羊生活在2600—3200米的金沙江干旱河谷陡峭的岩壁草丛。一般10余只一群活动。该地域矮岩羊密度为0.5—1只/平方公里,现有总数为70—150只。一般11月份交配,次年5月左右产仔,通常每胎—仔矮岩羊体重约35公斤,明显小于大岩羊。角直而上翘,不形成半圆形。两角内侧各具一明显纵棱,从基部直达尖端4/5。     

帽儿山地区樟子松优良种源的选择

【目的】进一步揭示不同种源樟子松在帽儿山地区的生长差异性,选择出优良种源。【方法】以1981年采种、1982年育苗、1984年春造林到帽儿山地区的高峰、图强、卡伦山、红花尔基、罕达盖、金山、阿尔山等7个种源31年生樟子松试验林为研究对象,通过对樟子松胸径、树高、材积、冠幅、年轮宽度及保存率等6个生长性状进行方差分析、多重比较、相关性分析、主成分分析等,选择优良种源。【结果】种源间胸径达到极显著差异(P＜0.01),材积和冠幅达到显著差异(P＜0.05),树高没有显著差异(P＞0.05); 区组间各性状均没有显著差异(P＞0.05)。图强种源的年轮宽度最大(3.69 mm),保存率则最小(56.67%); 不同种源胸径、树高、材积、冠幅及年轮宽度与原产地地理气候因子之间没有显著相关性。樟子松种源各性状地理变异模式不明显,而保存率与纬度呈极显著负相关(P＜0.01),与经度呈显著负相关(P＜0.05),与海拔呈显著正相关(P＜0.05); 主成分分析结果发现,图强种源综合指数得分最高(2.972)。【结论】31年生樟子松人工林生长性状不同种源之间存在差异,红花尔基、高峰种源生长较好; 图强种源表现最好,应用潜力大。     

饲喂双歧杆菌制剂对雏鸡肠道正常菌群及对雏鸡和肉仔兔增重的影响

对刚出孵的雏鸡以氟哌酸作对照饲喂双歧杆菌制剂,结果显示服用双歧杆菌制剂雏鸡的肠道内的双歧杆菌数与氟哌酸组差异显著(P＜0.05);大肠杆菌效差异不显著(P＞0.05);均未检出沙门氏杆菌.在雏鸡增重效果方面,双歧杆菌制剂与氟哌酸对照组相比差异显著(P＜0.05),且双歧杆菌与氟哌酸一样对雏鸡下痢具有良好的预防效果.同时用双歧杆制剂饲喂肉仔兔进行增重试验,结果试验组与对照组增重差异显著(P＜0.05),且试验组无一例发生腹泻.     

体育高考考生考前心理唤醒水平特征分析

采用了文献资料研究、问卷调查、数理统计与逻辑推理等方法,利用运动员心理唤醒量表(MASA),对参加2009年江西省体育高考的201名考生(男125,女76)进行问卷调查与分析.结果显示:考生的正性心理唤醒量表和心理唤醒强度量表的得分都处于中间水平,而负性心理唤醒量表的得分处于较强层次;男女考生在正性心理唤醒方面有显著性差异(P＜0.05);来自城市和农村的考生在心理唤醒强度方面有显著性差异(P＜0.05);往、应届考生的正性心理唤醒有显著性差异(P＜0.05),心理唤醒强度具有非常显著性差异(P＜0.01);不同年龄和不同训练年限的考生不论是在唤醒方向还是在唤醒强度方面都不具有显著性差异(P＞0.05).     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that