回收利用冷凝热的恒温恒湿型空调机试验研究

对采用电加热、并联式及串联式回收冷凝热3种再热方式的恒温恒湿空调机组运行特性进行试验研究,分析讨论了设定不同温、湿度值对3种再热方式控制精度的影响,对3种再热方式的功耗进行了对比分析.试验分析表明:电加热是温、湿度控制精度最高、耗能最高的一种再热方式;与采用冷凝热回收系统相比,采用电加热方式的恒温、恒湿空调机组能耗降低30%左右,是一种节能的再热方式,并联式系统的功耗略低于串联式系统;当并联式冷凝热回收系统设定的温度为18～28℃、相对湿度在45%～70%的范围内时,温度和相对湿度的控制精度可以达到士1.0℃和±8%;对于串联式系统,当设定温度低于18℃时,系统控制存在盲点,但当设定温度升高至23℃后,机组控制精度明显提高,控制精度高于并联式系统.     

气液分离式管内凝结冷凝器的实验研究

设计了一种新型气液分离式管内凝结冷凝器,对该冷凝器进行了实验测试,并与卧式壳管式冷凝器进行了对比分析.研究结果表明:在质量流量为220~330kg/h,饱和温度为35℃、40℃和45℃时,气液分离式管内凝结冷凝器的传热系数线性增大.在高质量流量下,其传热性能明显优于卧式壳管式冷凝器.实验条件范围内,采用气液分离式管内凝结冷凝器的系统比采用卧式壳管式冷凝器的系统制冷剂的出、入口压降降低了45.1%~50.7%,排气压力提高了约1.9%,COP提高了5.0%~9.3%.气液分离式管内凝结冷凝器具有更好的换热性能,有效提高了系统的效率.     

热管式空调机组在空调系统的节能应用研究

以广州地区的办公建筑为例,就一次回风集中空调系统在空气处理过程中采用热管式空调机组时,不同室内设计温度下的空调系统能耗进行了分析,并且与常规的一次回风集中空调系统的耗能量进行了比较.研究结果表明:在相同的室内设计温度下,采用热管式空调机组处理空气的一次回风集中空调系统比常规的一次回风集中空调系统节省冷量和再热量.节能效果随着室内设计温度的提高而提高.在通常的室内设计温度22~26℃范围内,相应的冷量节能率为24.3%~25.8%,总耗能量的节能率为39.1%~41.0%.     

废热回收型纯电动汽车热泵系统试验研究

针对纯电动汽车设计了一套带有废热回收的热泵空调系统,采用2个分回路吸收电池和电机产生的废热,分析了电池和电机废热量产生规律以及对废热回收系统进行了整车试验.结果表明:纯电动汽车在车速变化时,电池散热量迅速增加,即废热增加;当废热回收热泵系统在2℃的工况下运行时,换热量最大可增加至3 797 W,能效比范围为1.82～2.43,增加的废热能满足制热要求;当温度降到-7℃时,换热量最大可增至2 407 W,能效比范围为1.56～2.63,回风温度可达13.2℃,但仍需提供额外热源才能满足制热要求.     

不同送风参数对地板送风系统性能的影响

为了得到地板送风系统理想的送风参数,首先通过正交实验研究不同送风参数对地板送风系统房间温度分布、热舒适性和空气品质的影响,然后采用控制变量法进一步研究送风温度和速度对系统性能的影响,最终通过Energy Plus能耗模拟软件计算得到供冷工况下热分层良好、舒适性较好且能耗较低的理想送风参数.实验结果表明:当旋流风口到人体的距离为0.7 m,送风温度为18~20℃,送风速度在1.2~1.5 m/s时,室内热分层较好,能够满足人员热舒适性和空气品质的需求.对不同送风参数下运行特性与能耗影响的模拟计算表明:在理想送风参数范围内,当送风温度为18℃、送风速度为1.2 m/s时,地板送风系统不仅可以保持较好的热舒适性和良好的热分层,同时还具有较低的能耗.     

超低温空气源热泵在严寒地区供暖应用研究

以吉林省敦化市为例,根据采暖期室外气温实际情况,对空气源热泵在严寒地区低温条件下供暖情况进行应用研究.在综合考虑空气源热泵结霜、除霜和低温环境下制热量情况下,对运行能耗、费用、回收年限进行分析.得出室外采暖计算温度为-20℃,且室外气温低于-15℃的时数占绝大多数的地区,采用超低低温空气源热泵机组时,可以实现全供暖期高效运行.     

不同低温下的电动车余热回收性能

研究了余热回收技术在-10,-5,0℃下电池包加热的性能差异,并与传统加热方式进行了热管理性能和能耗的对比分析。基于国内某款商用电动车的整车热管理架构,提出了一种创新性的余热回收系统,能够显著降低热管理系统能耗。为此,基于一维热管理分析软件KULI,建立了余热回收模式下的电驱电控及电池包热管理系统模型,并建立了基于规则的控制策略,实现对散热风扇、冷却水泵、电控比例阀和四通道电磁阀的控制。仿真结果表明,在低温环境中,余热回收系统能够降低电池包用于加热自身的能耗,同时充分利用电驱电控系统产生的废热。根据仿真结果,电池包从环境温度-10,-5,0℃加热电池包到15℃,与传统加热方式热管理系统相比所消耗的能耗分别降低209.5,406.4,460.0 kJ。     

压力仪表温度系数测量系统的研究

介绍了压力仪表温度系数测量系统的组成、结构和原理,系统由恒温箱系统和压力测量系统二大部分组成,在-40℃～＋70℃ 温度范围内能够稳定在任意温度上,压力测量范围为（0～60）MPa.系统具备了较好的恒温和压力测量技术性能,通过实验证明了其能够用于压力仪表温度系数的实时测量,可实现压力仪表温度适应性性能的准确评价.     

合成致密刚玉-莫来石-锌铝尖晶石复相材料的工艺研究

研究了合成致密刚玉-莫来石-锌铝尖晶石复相材料的工艺条件.通过XRD和SEM分析了煅烧温度与生成物相的关系,采用二步煅烧工艺研究了轻烧温度及轻烧时间对刚玉-莫来石-锌铝尖晶石复相材料的烧结性能的影响.结果发现:采用ZnO、SiO2、Al(OH)3为原料,1300℃时,系统中能够生成刚玉、莫来石、锌铝尖晶石.在轻烧温度为1300℃时,最佳的保温时间为3h,此时显气孔率达到最小,体积密度相应最大.进一步提高轻烧温度到1400℃时,有利于刚玉-莫来石-锌铝尖晶石复相材料的烧结,在此轻烧温度下,最佳的保温度为2h,此时试样的显气孔率达到最大,体积密度相应最小.     

多路温度同步测量系统开发与实现

针对多路温度同步测量的需求,研制了一种基于可编程逻辑阵列(field program gate array,FPGA)和低功耗内核(STM32)的多路温度同步测量系统。该系统以FPGA为主控制器,直接驱动多片模数转换器件,对多路电信号进行同步测量,使用STM32实现温度信号的转换和计算。系统预期测温范围为-200~850℃,测温精度达到0.01℃。实验结果表明,该系统在使用PT100温度传感器测温且测温范围为-200~400℃时,系统测量误差小于0.003℃,全量程(-200~850℃)范围内系统测量误差小于0.005℃。所设计的多路温度同步测量系统尽管随温度增大测量误差存在增大趋势,但在全量程范围内实现了0.01℃测温精度的目标,并具有多路温度同步测量、通道数易于扩展等优点,具有一定的实用价值。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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