不正常航班旅客流恢复方法

当航班计划受到扰动时,航空公司不仅要制定飞机与机组路线恢复计划以保证航班执行,更要尽快对旅客流进行恢复,以减少旅客延误或取消行程带来的经济损失。在飞机与机组路线恢复计划基础上建立旅客流恢复模型,通过以路径流量为变量的线性整数规划构造出受扰OD对集合,然后用深度优先算法构造出所有可行行程以单纯形法求解。实例结果表明,建立的模型和算法能够快速恢复旅客流,并且能够大量减少损失。     

基于外部转运式的货运空铁联运衔接方案设计

在高附加值、高时效性要求的货物日益激增的需求驱动下,航空货运和高铁货运联运常态化趋势逐渐显现。在运输方式转换中,衔接环节一定程度上影响着联运货物的运输成本和运输效率,为进一步优化空铁联运方案,本文提出了基于“全货机+高铁货运专列”联运外部转运衔接模式,构建货运空铁联运衔接模型,设计货运空铁时刻表衔接方案及摆渡车调度方案,并设计遗传算法对模型进行求解,并进一步分析衔接成本及衔接时间。以某日虹桥机场T2航站楼和上海虹桥高铁站的部分实际时刻表数据为例,得到一个货运空铁联运衔接方案。对该方案进行仿真,结果表明：需设置3辆摆渡车在空铁之间完成货物的衔接作业,此时各摆渡车的工作量得到合理分配,且每批货物的衔接成本最小;在货运空铁联运总成本中,衔接成本占20%左右,且货运空铁联运在长途运输中成本优势更为明显;装卸货效率是影响货运空铁联运衔接时间的关键因素。从而为未来长途货运空铁联运运营提供参考。     

考虑延误与班期限制的多商品流多式联运方案优化

针对不确定时间影响的多商品流多式联运方案优化问题,以空铁联运为主,将运输时间转化为确定运输时间和不确定延误时间,同时考虑班期限制影响,以收货时间窗限制、准时率、运力等为约束条件,以所有订单总运输成本、运输时间和碳排放最小为目标,构建多商品流多式联运方案优化模型,并基于改进的非支配排序遗传算法Ⅱ(non-dominated sorting genetic algorithmⅡ,NSGA-Ⅱ)进行模型求解。实证分析表明：相对于无延误和班期限制,延误和班期限制均导致各目标值呈现不同程度增加;随着延误程度增加,总运输时间逐渐增加,而总运输成本还受到班期限制的耦合影响,呈现先减小后增加的周期性变化;碳排放量与运输成本呈现一致变化趋势;最后采用多属性决策方法获得考虑综合满意度的最优运输方案。研究结果可为实际中多式联运方案设计与优化提供参考。     

基于OD分类的空铁联运换乘点选择研究

针对不同类型的客流起讫点(Origin-Destination,OD),确定了空铁联运的换乘点.首先,根据OD两端节点的机场和高速铁路车站的建设情况,将客流OD分为三类,并阐述经济性、快速性和方便性对空铁联运换乘点选择的影响;然后,基于既有航空和高铁客流数据建立Logit模型,说明空铁联运服务特性指标的取值方法;最后,以京广高铁运输通道中1 000 km以上的OD作为研究对象,选择了最优的空铁联运换乘点.结果表明:石家庄凭借价格优势和便捷换乘,分别在三类OD中被选择作为换乘点的次数最多.分析结果对于提高我国空铁联运竞争优势、加强综合运输发展具有指导意义.     

基于最小费用流模型的不正常航班恢复问题研究

突发事件会导致航班计划无法按原计划执行,给航空公司及旅客带来巨大损失。而航班恢复问题的难点除了相关因素的复杂性,主要的体现在恢复方案的即时性。因此,为了提出快速有效的航班恢复方案,以降低损失,笔者通过时空网络技术对不正常航班的恢复问题进行描述,实现了对航班在空间和时间上的追踪。基于最小费用流模型,建立了以最小总延误时间为目标函数的整数规划模型,模型同时考虑了航班延误,飞机置换及航班取消的调度策略,并提出采用Floyd-Warshall算法对建立的模型进行求解。最后,通过算例对模型及算法进行验证。研究结果表明：针对突发状况,建立的模型及算法可提出合理的航班恢复方案,证明了模型及算法的可行性及有效性。建立的模型具有普适性,对不正常航班恢复问题的研究具有借鉴意义。     

基于旅客满意度与公平性的机场航班计划恢复研究

为了降低航班延误对旅客满意度的严重不良影响,提高航班延误恢复调度的公平性,将群体情绪模拟引入旅客满意度表征函数,并考虑航空公司公平性约束,构建了机场终端区航班计划恢复模型,运用模拟退火算法对机场航班实例进行仿真求解。与经典FCFS策略对比,所提方法在保证航空公司公平性在可接受水平之内的前提下,使旅客满意度衰减程度下降了41.58%,有效优化了机场运行服务质量。     

基于动态博弈的补贴模式对机场群航线网络结构的影响研究

为探讨不同补贴模式对机场群航线网络结构的影响，本文构建了关于机场、航空公司和乘客之间的动态博弈模型，通过逆向归纳法得到了纳什均衡条件. 研究结果发现：（1）不同的补贴模式对多机场航线网络结构产生重要影响，低补贴模式促使机场群倾向于形成点对点航线网络结构，反之，在高补贴模式下机场群易于形成枢纽辐射航线网络； （2）在较低的空铁联运总运营成本环境下，补贴竞争使得航空公司倾向于选择系统内的大型机场作为枢纽机场；反之，如果空铁联运总运营成本相对较高，补贴竞争使得航空公司倾向于选择小机场作为枢纽节点； （3）随航班固定成本和空铁联运总运营成本的增大，大型机场作为枢纽节点的概率逐渐减少，而小机场被选为枢纽节点的概率将逐渐增大. 随着机场群内大型机场腹地服务人口比例的增大，航空公司选择点对点航线网络的概率在减小. 研究结论能够为民航管理部门科学制定和应用航线补贴政策提供决策依据.     

基于双层规划的公航联运旅游交通网络规划研究

为了满足旅客多样化的出行需求,规划旅游交通网络,本文基于旅客联运出行视角,提出一种新的公路-通用航空短途运输联运（公航联运）方式,构建了公航联运旅游交通网络双层规划模型。上层以旅客出行总时间最短和交通网络线路运营总成本最小为目标,设计交通线路方案,下层模型以单个旅客出行时间最小为目标,对线路进行客流量分配。采用遗传算法求解模型,通过实例分析表明,构建的公航联运交通网络模型具有科学性,合理性和可行性。     

基于旅客满意度与公平性的机场航班计划恢复

为了降低航班延误对旅客满意度的严重不良影响,提高航班延误恢复调度的公平性,将群体情绪模拟引入旅客满意度表征函数,并考虑航空公司公平性约束,构建了机场终端区航班计划恢复模型,运用模拟退火算法对机场航班实例进行仿真求解。与经典FCFS策略对比,所提方法在保证航空公司公平性在可接受水平之内的前提下,使旅客满意度衰减程度下降了41.58%,有效优化了机场运行服务质量。     

基于跑道容量的航班恢复优化模型

为了降低航班延误造成的经济损失和旅客滞留,在不增加管制员工作负荷的基础上提高航班运行效率。本文在原有的航班恢复模型基础上,引入跑道容量模型,综合考虑旅客流、航空公司公平性以及航线重要程度的影响,建立了以各单位恢复总成本最小为目标函数的航班恢复模型,该模型适用于跑道数以及构型不同的单一机场,算例中引用国内某机场的真实延误数据,并用遗传算法和粒子群算法求解模型得到优化方案,与遗传算法相比,粒子群更适用于该模型,收敛速度更快。与现有的航班运行相对比,优化后的方案总延误时间缩短了11.85%,总延误成本减少了6.55%。最后用TAAM仿真软件分别运行实际恢复方案和优化恢复方案,报告显示优化方案中终端区产生冲突的可能性更小,管制员工作负荷更低,从而验证了模型和算法的可用性。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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