铁路自闭贯通线架空线-电缆混合线路行波测距

为解决铁路自闭贯通线架空线-电缆混合线路波速度不一致难以精确测距的问题,在分析混合线路连接点处行波传播特点的基础上,提出了基于时间差搜索的双端行波测距方法.利用连接点处行波到达线路两端时间差的不同来确定故障发生在线路中的区段和相应的波速度,再进行精确测距.基于PSCAD/EMTDC对自闭贯通线混合线路建模,并利用小波变换及模极大值检测理论提取行波波头进行分析.仿真结果表明,该方法对于架空线-电缆的混合线路是可行的.     

基于权重动态调整的树型配电网单相接地故障行波测距方法

针对树型配电网分支众多而难以准确选线的问题,本文通过分析发现了不同线路故障初始电流电压行波的极性关系,提高了配电网分支选线的准确率。由于缆线混联线路中的零模波速很不稳定,难以通过线路参数精确获取,提出了基于权重动态调整的树型配电网单相接地故障行波测距方法,以双端行波测距理论为基础,对线路已有的多端行波测距装置进行自由组合,计算得到多组故障定位结果。通过历史临近故障测距结果误差比较,动态调整各行波测距装置组的权重值,从而进行故障信息的融合决策,给出最终的故障点位置。因此,本文通过故障点同侧行波测距装置组的故障信息对其波速进行在线测量,使得用于故障定位的波速值更贴合实际。最后,采用PSCAD软件对江苏某实际10 kV配电系统进行仿真验证。仿真结果表明,所提方法不受中性点接地方式的影响,在不同过渡电阻以及系统不同运行方式下均能实现接地故障的精确定位。     

基于小波分析的T型线路行波故障测距方法

在双端行波测距方法的基础上利用小波变换来提取到达T型线路各端母线侧电流行波的模极大值,并对电流故障行波在尺度1~3的小波模极大值的到达时间进行准确标定,获得故障电流初始行波到达的准确时间来进行测距.用PSCAD/EMTDC仿真软件对该方法进行了仿真分析.结果表明,该方法可准确判断T型线路的故障分支.     

基于模量传输时间差的直流线路双端故障测距

针对传统高压直流输电线路双端测距依赖高精度同步对时,对通信通道要求较高的问题,提出利用故障行波线模、零模分量在线路中的传输时差来计算故障距离的双端测距方法。该方法通过提取故障行波两种模态分量的暂态信息,检测两种模量分别到达线路两端处的时刻,利用两者的时间差实现故障定位,克服了因两端检测装置时钟不同步所引起的误差。对于线模零模波速难以确定的问题,利用数学方法结合仿真数据拟合出波速曲线,再通过多次迭代过程不断对行波波速和故障距离进行优化,最后得到更准确的行波模量波速和故障距离值。在PSCAD/EMTDC仿真平台中搭建系统仿真模型,模拟时间不同步、不同故障距离和过渡电阻情况下的输电线短路状况,通过分析仿真,结果表明该方法定位准确性高,耐过渡电阻能力强,且不受时间不同步影响,具有良好的稳定性。     

一种改进的混合三端输电线路故障定位算法研究

针对混合输电线路故障多、定位精度差等问题,提出一种基于改进的自适应噪声完备集合经验模态分解(CEEMDAN)和Teager-Kaiser能量算子相结合的混合三端输电线路故障测距方法。首先对输电线路故障电压信号使用新型相模变换进行解耦,以消除线路间的电磁耦合现象;然后利用改进的CEEMDAN和Teager-Kaiser能量算子对解耦后的故障电压信号进行分解,提取了故障初始行波到达检测点的时间,再根据故障时暂态电压行波零模分量和线模分量的故障特性,提出一种基于零模和线模时间差的故障分支判别方法;最后为解决无法得到行波波速精确值的问题,采用基于零模线模时间差的行波测距方法得到了精确的故障定位数据。基于仿真模型,对比改进CEEMDAN算法和传统CEEMDAN算法,验证所提改进算法的有效性。仿真结果表明,所提算法不受故障类型、过渡电阻、波速、时间不同步的影响,具有较高的测量精度。改进CEEMDAN算法能够有效改善故障信号经传统CEEMDAN算法分解后带来的随机性问题,具有较高的工程应用价值。     

中性点非有效接地系统故障行波暂态特征分析

对于中性点非有效接地的配电系统，基于故障暂态行波信息的线路保护具有重要研究意义。该文以行波理论为基础对线路各种类型故障行波的模分量、行波在配电混合线路和分支线路中的传播特性以及行波在线路末端的反射规律进行了详细分析。研究发现，小电流接地系统单相接地故障时，尽管三相中的稳态线电压对称，但故障暂态过程仍产生行波线模分量；行波在混合线路中发生复杂的折反射，并且经过一段混合线路后，行波波头将发生一定幅值的衰减；行波信号到达线路末端后，电压行波和电流行波在线路末端的反射情况随线路结构不同呈现规律性变化。仿真结果表明了分析结果的正确性。文中分析为基于行波信息的配电线路故障选线及测距的研究奠定了基础.     

基于接触网的双端行波故障测距的应用

接触网行波故障测距对保障电气化铁路安全畅通的运行具有很重要的现实意义。为了便于对接触网行波故障测距的学习,介绍了双端行波故障测距的原理和实现。根据T-R+NF供电方式利用ATP建立接触网模型,并通过MATLAB提取行波信号,寻找行波波头,最后利用行波到达两端的时间差,对故障进行较精确的定位。实践表明,双端行波故障测距极具可行性和有效性。     

基于小波变换的双端输电线路行波故障定位

为了消除行波波速不确定性和线路弧垂对双端输电线路行波故障定位造成的误差影响,提出了一种在输电线路中间某一位置增加一个检测点的三测点定位方法;该方法首先对电流行波信号进行相模变换,得到相互独立的线模分量,其次对得到的线模分量进行小波分析,检测出行波波头到各测量点时间,最后代入相应的公式计算出故障距离; MATLAB仿真实验结果表明:该方法不受过渡电阻、行波波速、故障类型等因素的影响,测距误差较小,原理简单,具有较高的准确性和良好的适用性。     

输电线路单双端行波测距实例研讨

输电线路故障行波测距方法是利用故障产生的暂态行波信号进行故障检测与定位,主要有单端和双端两种测距方法。本文对单、双端行波测距方法的原理进行了介绍,并结合两次实测数据进行了全面的分析,指出了实际应用过程中存在的问题和改进的方向,对指导行波测距装置的应用具有一定参考意义。     

不受波速影响的输电线路双端行波故障测距算法

提出了一种双端行波故障测距新方法,该方法利用故障初始行波和两种反射行波到达线路两端的时刻来进行故障定位,有效降低了行波波速的不确定和输电线路长度差异对定位结果的不利影响,提高了定位精度.利用EMTP进行了仿真计算,仿真结果证明了其准确性.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that