连续柱状晶组织BFe10-1-1合金的电化学腐蚀性能

采用线性极化、电化学阻抗谱等电化学方法研究了连续柱状晶组织BFe10-1-1合金在3.5%（质量分数）NaCl溶液中的耐蚀性能,并与普通铸造多晶组织BFe10-1-1合金进行了对比.极化曲线测试结果表明,两种合金具有相似的电化学行为,极化曲线都包括活性溶解区、活化-钝化转变区和极限电流区,但连续柱状晶组织合金腐蚀速率小于普通铸造多晶组织合金,主要是由于连续柱状晶组织BFe10-1-1合金的微观偏析程度较小,能有效避免枝晶间局部腐蚀的发生.电化学阻抗谱测试结果也表明,该合金的电荷传递电阻和腐蚀产物膜电阻均大于普通铸造多晶组织合金,具有更高的耐蚀性.     

管材无模拉拔成形壁厚变化规律研究

对管材无模拉拔变形时壁厚变化进行了实验研究,分析了管材无模拉拔时壁厚变化的影响因素及影响规律。确定了管材无模拉拔时壁厚变化经验公式。实验结果发现,管材无模拉拔时,壁厚变化t_f/t_0与D_(if)/D_i,D_(0f)/D_0,(1-R_S)~(1/2)的值成正比。对于薄壁管材(当t_0/D_0<0.1)无模拉拔时,比例系数等于1,即K_1=K_2=K_3=1。     

锥形管连续无模拉拔速度控制模型的理论与实验分析

基于金属体积非压缩性原理建立了锥形管连续无模拉拔速度控制模型,分析了无模拉拔变形过程中拉拔速度等工艺参数对变形区体积以及锥形管形状和尺寸的影响,并进行了实验验证.结果表明:拉拔速度不仅与进料速度、坯料尺寸、拉拔后锥形管的形状和尺寸有关,还与冷热源距离等工艺参数有关;拉拔速度随时间呈非线性增加;随着拉拔速度的增大,变形区的体积减小;冷热源距离越长、进料速度越大,变形区体积变化越大;当速比一定时,减小进料速度、增大冷热源距离,可以减小锥形管形状和尺寸误差、提高控制精度.     

NiTi合金线材无模拉拔加工过程热力耦合数值模拟

结合所研制的连续式无模拉拔加工设备的实际情况,利用DEFORM有限元软件建立了加工过程的热力耦合有限元分析模型,开展了NiTi合金线材无模拉拔加工过程的热力耦合模拟研究,获得了线材无模拉拔加工过程的温度场和应力场的分布规律,以及冷热源距离、冷却水流量及拉拔速度对成品线径的影响规律. 通过实验验证了模拟结果的正确性.     

基于遗传BP网络的PID控制算法在无模拉拔温度控制中的应用

将遗传算法与BP神经网络结合,提出了一种利用遗传算法优化BP神经网络权值的智能PID控制算法,改善了系统的动态性能. 通过实验采集数据,拟合出无模拉拔感应加热温度控制系统的数学模型. 采用本文提出的方法进行了仿真实验,结果表明该算法具有较强的快速性和鲁棒性.     

基于LabVIEW并行运算的优化算法及其在Ni--Ti合金线材无模拉拔中应用

提出了一种采用LabVIEW并行运算提高传统遗传算法计算速度的方法,可实现多核计算机多线程的同时运算,从而大幅度提高运算效率.Ni--Ti合金线材无模拉拔初始阶段拉拔速度路径优化结果表明,在八核计算机上采用基于LabVIEW的多线程并行运算程序,与基于文本编程的MATLAB运算程序相比,前者运算时间仅为后者的1/8左右.Ni--Ti合金线材无模拉拔实验结果表明,采用本文智能优化后的拉拔速度路径,可使线材直径波动长度缩短至24 mm,远小于线性或S线型路径的最小直径波动长度.     

IN718合金多步锻造过程中微观组织演变数值模拟

为研究多步锻造过程中工艺参数对大锻件微观组织演变的影响,将再结晶模型和晶粒长大模型加入到模拟软件中,实现了金属高温塑性变形-传热-微观组织演变的耦合.采用数值模拟的方法,研究始锻温度、压下量和空冷时间对多步锻造过程中IN718合金微观组织演变的影响.结果表明,在多步锻造过程中,始锻温度和变形量对微观组织演变影响显著,空冷温度决定了晶粒尺寸大小,而空冷时间对晶粒尺寸影响较小,长时间空冷不会造成晶粒明显粗化.     

无取向硅钢冲裁过程中的组织和织构演变

无取向硅钢是电机铁芯所需要的重要软磁材料。目前,生产过程中主要借助冲裁工艺制备电机铁芯的叠片。冲裁工艺会使得无取向硅钢的切割边缘产生形变,从而导致其织构发生演变,进而影响叠片的磁性能。本文旨在研究无取向硅钢冲裁边缘的塑性形变机制,组织及织构演变机理。为了方便研究,本文首先借助钝化模具制备了在冲裁边缘具备较宽变形区域的圆形样品。随后,沿板材轧制方向和横向在圆形样品的冲裁边缘分别选取了一个观测点,并借助电子背散射技术（EBSD）分析了两个观测点的形变机制,组织和织构演变。研究表明两个观测点的形变机制和组织演变相似。由于形变机制相同,样品冲裁边缘两个观测点的织构演变规律也相似。钝化模具使得样品冲裁边缘明显的分为无弯曲,连续弯曲和整体弯曲三个区域。无弯曲和连续弯曲区域的主要形变机制是位错滑移,这一机制促进了{221}纤维织构的形成。整体弯曲区域主要处于冲裁边缘的端部,该区域的形变机制包括位错滑移和微观剪切带的形成,其中微观剪切带的形成导致该区域的织构由原始{111}纤维织构发生向{110}纤维织构的转变。     

应变速率对GH625合金热变形过程组织演变的影响

采用Gleeble-1500热模拟试验机,对GH625合金进行了以不同变形温度、不同应变速率变形到真应变值为0.7的热压缩试验,以研究其热变形过程的动态再结晶组织演变.利用光学显微镜（OP）和透射电镜（TEM）分析了应变速率对GH625合金热变形过程中的组织演变及动态再结晶形核机制的影响.结果表明:应变速率·ε=10.0s^-1时,实际变形温度高于预设温度,产生变形热效应.GH625合金热变形过程的组织演变是一个受应变速率和变形温度控制的过程,在应变速率·ε≤1.0s^-1时,GH625合金动态再结晶晶粒的尺寸及体积分数随着应变速率的升高而降低,动态再结晶形核机制是由晶界弓弯的不连续动态再结晶机制和亚晶旋转的连续动态再结晶机制组成;在应变速率·ε=10.0s^-1时,由于变形热效应使动态再结晶晶粒的尺寸及体积分数迅速升高,动态再结晶机制则是以弓弯机形核的不连续动态再结晶机制为主.     

基于ANFIS方法的连续定向凝固BFe10-1-1合金的压缩流变应力模型

Silver in the form of AgNO3 was added to ZnO-based varistor ceramics prepared by the solid-state reaction method.The effects of AgNO3 on both the microstructure and electrical properties of the varistors were studied in detail.The optimum addition amount of AgNO3 in ZnO-based varistors was also determined.The mechanism for grain growth inhibition by silver doping was also proposed.The results indicate that the varistor threshold voltage increases substantially along with the AgNO3 content increasing from 0 to 1.5mol%.Also,the introduction of AgNO3 can depress the mean grain size of ZnO,which is mainly responsible for the threshold voltage.Furthermore,the addition of AgNO3 results in a slight decrease of donor density and a more severe fall in the density of interface states,which cause a decline in barrier height and an increase in the depletion layer.     

Liquid-solid interface control of BFe10-1-1 cupronickel alloy tubes during HCCM horizontal continuous casting and its effect on the microstructure and properties

Based on horizontal continuous casting with a heating-cooling combined mold (HCCM) technology, this article investigated the effects of processing parameters on the liquid-solid interface (LSI) position and the influence of LSI position on the surface quality, microstructure, texture, and mechanical properties of a BFe10-1-1 tube (?50 mm × 5 mm). HCCM efficiently improves the temperature gradient in front of the LSI. Through controlling the LSI position, the radial columnar-grained microstructure that is commonly generated by cooling mold casting can be eliminated, and the axial columnar-grained microstructure can be obtained. Under the condition of 1250℃ melting and holding temperature, 1200–1250℃ mold heating temperature, 50–80 mm/min mean drawing speed, and 500–700 L/h cooling water flow rate, the LSI position is located at the middle of the transition zone or near the entrance of the cooling section, and the as-cast tube not only has a strong axial columnar-grained microstructure \((\{ hkl\} < 6\bar 21 > , \{ hkl\} < 2\bar 21 > )\) due to strong axial heating conduction during solidification but also has smooth internal and external surfaces without cracks, scratches, and other macroscopic defects due to short solidified shell length and short contact length between the tube and the mold at high temperature. The elongation and tensile strength of the tube are 46.0%–47.2% and 210–221 MPa, respectively, which can be directly used for the subsequent cold-large-strain processing.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of BFe10 cupronickel alloy tubes fabricated by a horizontal continuous casting with heating-cooling combined mold technology

A new horizontal continuous casting method with heating-cooling combined mold (HCCM) technology was explored for fabricating high-quality thin-wall cupronickel alloy tubes used for heat exchange pipes. The microstructure and mechanical properties of BFe10 cupronickel alloy tubes fabricated by HCCM and traditional continuous casting (cooling mold casting) were comparatively investigated. The results show that the tube fabricated by HCCM has smooth internal and external surfaces without any defects, and its internal and external surface roughnesses are 0.64 μm and 0.85 μm, respectively. The tube could be used for subsequent cold processing without other treatments such as surface planning, milling and acid-washing. This indicates that HCCM can effectively reduce the process flow and improve the production efficiency of a BFe10 cupronickel alloy tube. The tube has columnar grains along its axial direction with a major casting texture of {012} <621>. Compared with cooling mold casting (δ=36.5%), HCCM can improve elongation (δ=46.3%) by 10% with a slight loss of strength, which indicates that HCCM remarkably improves the cold extension performance of a BFe10 cupronickel alloy tube.     

Microstructural evolution during aging of Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al titanium alloy

The development of microstructure during the aging of Ti-10V-2Fe-3A1 alloy in the 13 and (α+β) solution-treated and quenched conditions was investigated. The results showed that the isothermal holding below 400℃ yielded homogeneously distributed, spherical ω-phase particles. Fine α aggregates are formed uniformly within 13 grains by nucleating at at particles or β/ω interfaces. At higher temperatures, thin martensite plates decomposed in water-quenched condition. The formation of ω phase was avoided and coarse coarse α-phase plates directly precipitated from the 13 matrix. The highest hardness values were found when the alloys were aged at 400℃ for 8 h. The significance of the observations was discussed in terms of the effect of aging on the precipitations and property.     

Mg-Zn-Gd合金中二十面体准晶相组织演变分析

通过高频感应熔炼法制备Mg-Zn-Gd合金,利用XRD、SEM、TEM和EDS等对不同成分及不同冷却条件下所制合金的微观组织及相组成进行表征。结果表明,在MgzZn(97-z)Gd3(27z57)合金中,其主要组织为二十面体准晶相(I相)、Mg7Zn3及Mg2Zn3,其中Gd元素的含量决定准晶相的生成,且I相中x(Gd)稳定在6.5%~7.5%;随着Mg/Zn比的增大(1/3x(Mg)/x(Zn)1)或者熟化时间的延长,I相形貌由空心多边形演变为具有五次对称性的花瓣状。     

A fractal-based model for the microstructure evolution of silicon bronze wires fabricated by dieless drawing

The back-propagation neural (BPN) network was proposed to model the relationship between the parameters of the dieless drawing process and the microstructures of the QSi3-1 silicon bronze alloy. Combined with image processing techniques, grain sizes and grain-boundary morphologies were respectively determined by the quantitative metallographic method and the fractal theory. The outcomes obtained show that the deformed microstructures exhibit typical fractal features, and the boundaries can be characterized quantitatively by fractal dimensions. With the temperature of 600–800℃ and the drawing speed of 0.67–1.00 mm·s-1, either a lower temperature or a higher speed will cause a smaller grain size together with an elevated fractal dimension. The developed model can be capable for forecasting the microstructure evolution with a minimum error. The average relative errors between the predicted results and the experimental values of grain size and fractal dimension are 3.9% and 0.9%, respectively.