翻译理论中的“二律背反”现象

翻译理论是用来指导翻译实践的,而翻译理论中的“二律背反”现象,使翻译实践无所适从。通过对翻译理论中几个典型的“二律背反”现象进行分析,得出结论：翻译理论中“二律背反”现象的出现是翻译领域的某一方面出现转机的前奏。     

特殊翻译和翻译目的论的应用

翻译目的论是近代功能派翻译理论的核心内容,它认为翻译是一种目的性行为,译者才是翻译过程中最重要的环节。翻译活动的发起者对整个翻译过程都发挥着极其重要的作用。这一理论对口译、新闻编译和儿童文学翻译方面都得到了充分验证,在这些特殊翻译领域中,为了达成翻译目的,译者常常采用变译的方式对文本进行额外加工。目的论的提出无疑为这些领域的“边缘翻译”提供了理论基础,也为理论的繁荣做出了贡献。     

旅游景点介绍英译中的“目的准则”——兼评黄鹤楼简介的英译

功能翻译理论认为翻译不仅是人类的一种有目的的行为活动，而且是一种必须考虑读者和客户要求的目的性交际行为。旅游文本翻译应冲破传统理论“等值”概念的束缚，从文本的“目的性”入手，追求功能上的“等效”，而非字面上的“对等”。     

功能翻译理论下旅游翻译的灵活性

以功能翻译理论及其范畴内的相关理论为依据,对旅游翻译的原则、方法进行探讨,可以发现旅游翻译具有明显的信息型、召唤型特征。因此,功能翻译理论的核心概念即“目的论”是旅游翻译的方向标;文本功能类型分类说、功能对等、交际翻译等理论是采取灵活翻译策略的依据,而诺德的忠诚原则则是旅游翻译灵而不乱的质量保证。旅游翻译应该是一种灵活的动态顺应翻译。     

系统功能语言学视角下的诗歌“神翻译”研究——“I Am Afraid”及其五种汉译本

网络“神翻译”是翻译领域的一个新现象,对其研究日渐受到学者的关注。以系统功能语言学为理论基础,从经验功能、逻辑功能、人际功能和语篇功能出发,对英文诗歌“I Am Afraid”的五个汉译本——一个普通版本及四个“神翻译”版本进行比较,分析“神翻译”版本与原诗的异同,“神翻译”更接近于一种“刻意的改写”,不符合翻译的基本原则。     

诗歌翻译：对等还是功能——以许译唐诗为例

自二十世纪七十年代末八十年代初德国翻译学者提出“功能翻译理论”后,对等原则在一定程度上受到挑战。有些学者认为,“对等理论”存在诸多局限性,而“功能翻译理论”更适合指导翻译实践。那么,“对等理论”是不是真的失去其存在价值？翻译中译者到底是以最大程度上实现原文与译文之间的对等为重,还是应着重考虑译文受众,最大程度上实现译文在的语中应取得的“预期功能（目的）”？本文以诗歌翻译为研究对象,以许渊冲先生所译唐诗为例,探讨在诗歌翻译中究竟是采用“对等理论”还是“功能翻译理论”。     

许渊冲翻译理论和1995年《红与黑》汉译大调查

1995年的《红与黑》汉译大调查实际上是关于以许渊冲为代表的中国翻译理论“再创造论”与披着西方翻译理论外衣的虚假的“等值翻译”理论优劣的调查。中国一些理论家将西方翻译理论核心术语equivalent/equivalence（相似或相当）误读和误译成“等值”而产生的所谓的“等值翻译”理论。大调查的组织者用披着西方翻译理论外衣的“等值论”假理论打败了中国的“再创造论”真理论。1995年的《红与黑》汉译大调查在翻译理论界产生的负面影响必须清除。     

本雅明"纯语言"翻译观浅释

介绍了当代西方解构主义翻译理论奠基人沃尔特.本雅明在其《译者的任务》一文中提出的“纯语言”问题及其翻译思想,评析了本雅明的“纯语言”概念及与之相联系的解构主义翻译观,指出它对传统翻译理论的冲击及其影响和意义。     

中西方翻译标准的共性

中西翻译理论由于涉及不同的语言文化和思想体系,彼此间存在着各种各样的差异,但中西方翻译理论都以“翻译”这一特殊的语言文化现象作共同的研究对象,因此中西方翻译理论必然存在着大量的共性,本文从“忠实,通顺”、“读者反映论”和“译者素质”三个方面阐述了中西方翻译标准的共性。     

信、达、雅与中庸之道

严复提出“信达雅”翻译理论的目的是为其翻译找根据寻基础 ,是为了让国人更容易接受他的译文。鲁迅坚持“忠实”“通顺”翻译 ,大呼“拿来主义” ,其目的在于把外来思想和表达方式“据为己有” ,使之成为中国文化的一部分。实质上 ,鲁迅的翻译理论承接了严复的翻译思想 ,他们二人的翻译观点始终由“和”这个中庸思想牵引着     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that