碳纳米管的振动研究进展

综述了近年来碳纳米管的振动特性的理论数值方法研究进展,着重介绍了基于经典连续体理论、分子结构力学/原子有限元以及基于原子研究的分子动力学等方法研究单、多壁碳纳米管振动特性的现状。     

碳纳米管/炭黑并用导电橡胶的制备与性能研究

文章基于溶液共混法,制成了一种新型的碳纳米管/炭黑/硅胶多相复合材料.实验利用TEM、压阻测试平台等手段表征和分析了碳纳米管的功能化、添加比例对复合材料性能的影响.实验结果表明:功能化可以有效改善碳纳米管的表面特性,进而改善其在聚合物中的分散性;不同维度纳米材料(碳纳米管/炭黑)的并用会在橡胶体系中形成“葡萄串”结构,...     

纳米碳管的结构及应用前景

纳米碳管是目前强度最高、直径最细的纤维材料,其分子结构独特,具有奇特的力学、化学和电子学性能,可用作加强材料制备高强度复合材料,既有碳纤维材料的固有性质,又具有金属材料的导电和导热性、陶瓷材料的耐热和耐蚀性,还有纺织材料的柔软和编织性以及高分子材料的易加工性,是典型的一材多能、一材多用的功能材料和结构材料,具有极其广泛的应用范围和极具潜力的应用价值。介绍了纳米碳管的结构和应用前景。     

碳纳米管的结构、制备、物性和应用

综述了碳纳米管的研究进展，简单地介绍了单层碳纳米管和多层碳纳米管的基本形貌、结构及其特征、列举了几种主要的制备方法以及特点，介绍了碳纳米管优异的物理化学性质，以及在各个领域中潜在的应用前景。     

碳纳米管的结构、制备、物性和应用

综述了碳纳米管的研究进展，简单地介绍了单层碳纳米管和多层碳纳米管的基本形貌、结构及其表征，列举了几种主要的制备方法以及特点，介绍了碳纳米管优异的物理化学性质，以及在各个领域中潜在的应用前景.     

电弧法获得的几种奇异碳纳米管的研究

用电弧法制备碳纳管时,在阴极沉积物中,伴随大量正常的离散碳纳米管的产生,发现了孪生碳纳米管、菱形碳纳米管、“Y”形短管和碳纳米纤维等几种奇异的碳纳米形态。给出了这些奇异碳纳米管的透射电镜（TEM）照片,对它们的生长、闭合过程进行了研究,认为碳原子流、电场等因素的影响是奇异碳纳米管形成的关键,借助碳纳米管以内层为模板的开口生长模型,可以定性地理解它们的形成过程及生长机理。     

两步法修饰多壁碳纳米管

近年来由于碳纳米管具有优异的性能,对碳纳米管的修饰成为众多科学家研究的热点.通过简单的两步法将牛血清白蛋白单分子薄膜修饰在多壁碳纳米管表面.首先在多壁碳纳米管表面液相沉积一层二氧化硅,然后在二氧化硅表面再修饰蛋白质分子,经过交联形成一层蛋白质薄膜.用FTIR和XPS表征样品的成分,并用高分辨透射电镜观察修饰后样品的微观结构.这种方法不但简单还可用来在碳纳米管表面接枝别的生物大分子,二氧化硅性质稳定而且容易去除,所以这种简单的两步法对拓展碳纳米管在生物材料和生物医学等方面的应用具有一定的价值.     

Small Diameter Few- Walled Carbon Nanotubes： An Alternative for Single Walled nanotubes in Bulk Applications

1 Introduction Fig.1 High resolution TEM image of FWNTs Although Single walled carbon nanotubes have shown tremendous potential in many applications due to their unique electrical and mechanical properties, the lack of a large scale synthesis method at low cost is still the main limiting factor for the realization of the full potential of this unique materials. On the other hand, multiwalled carbon nanotubes are being made in tons per year quantity and found their application in conducting…     

Organic modification of carbon nanotubes

The organic modification of carbon nanotubes is a novel research field being developed recently. In this article, the history and newest progress of organic modification of carbon nanotubes are reviewed from two aspects:organic covalent modification and organic noncovalent modification of carbon nanotubes. The preparation and properties of organic modified carbon nanotubes are discussed in detail. In addition, the prospective development of organic modification of carbon nanotubes is suggested.     

从芳香性碳-碳双键的反应特性阐述碳纳米管功能化修饰

 纳米材料的功能化修饰构成了现代纳米技术的重要组成部分。作为纳米材料的成员之一,碳纳米管不易分散或溶解于任何溶剂。为了改善碳纳米管的分散/溶解性能,对其进行必要的化学修饰是可行的途径。构成碳纳米管的芳香性碳-碳双键是其功能化修饰主体。利用有机化学碳-碳双键反应的基本理论知识,能指导碳纳米管的修饰,并可预测碳纳米管的形貌及电子性能改变规律。而碳纳米管的功能化修饰成果,也有助于增强难溶有机化合物的碳-碳双键反应特性和规律的理论基础。本文从近年的科研成果出发,从结构-性能角度深入探讨了不同修饰方法对碳纳米管形貌及结构的影响。基于碳-碳双键的加成反应有效保持了原始碳纳米管的形貌,更有利于修饰碳纳米管的广泛应用。     

镍粒子在单壁碳纳米管生成中的催化机制

用CVD法制备单壁碳纳米管，一般加入镍金属颗粒作为催化剂，由于镍金属颗粒不同晶体表面对碳原子的吸附具有不同的活性，在制备单壁碳纳米管时，导致镍颗粒（液态）吸附的碳原子在其表面由活性小的晶面活性大的晶面扩散并沉积，结果围绕镍金属颗粒形成空腔，单壁碳纳米管得以生成，在单壁碳纳米管生长过程中，镍原子作为替位式原子，总是处在碳纳米管六角网络的最外端，起着缺陷稳定剂的并促进其生成，笔者阐述了镍金属颗粒催化剂的催化机制，并对单壁碳纳米管产物的形貌作了合理解释。     

碳纳米管应用研究的现状和未来

综述了碳纳米管的潜在应用前景，并提出随着碳纳米管合成技术的成熟，有关碳纳米管的研究重点应转向大批量生产碳纳米管及其应用领域的开拓上。     

Dielectrophoretic assembly of carbon nanotubes and stability analysis

Nanoscale dimensions and remarkable properties of carbon nanotubes make them promising building blocks for nanoelectronics.One requirement is the need to manipulate single or multiple carbon nanotubes to bridge electronic conductors.In this paper,multi-walled carbon nanotubes with a variety of sizes are assembled onto electrodes using alternative current electric felds by dielectrophoresis.The effect of the dielectrophoretic parameters and the nanotube size as well as the length uniformity on the assembly is experimentally investigated.Current–voltage characteristics of assembled carbon nanotubes are measured.The experimental results showed that both the dielectrophoretic parameters and length uniformity of carbon nanotubes have an infuence on the stability of assembly results.Choosing uniform carbon nanotubes with an appropriate length and suffcient stiffness,which are more controllable by dielectrophoresis,is necessary for an assembly of a small number of carbon nanotubes.     

Carbon nanotube and conducting polymer composites for supercapacitors

Composites of carbon nanotubes and conducting polymers can be prepared via chemical synthesis, electrochemical deposition on preformed carbon nanotube electrodes, or by electrochemical co-deposition. The composites combine the large pseudocapacitance of the conducting polymers with the fast charging/discharging double-layer capacitance and excellent mechanical properties of the carbon nanotubes. The electrochemically co-deposited composites are the most homogeneous and show an unusual interaction between the polymer and nanotubes, giving rise to a strengthened electron delocalisation and conjugation along the polymer chains. As a result they exhibit excellent electrochemical charge storage properties and fast charge/discharge switching, making them promising electrode materials for high Dower suDercapacitors.     

单壁碳纳米管热稳定性的模拟研究

运用紧束缚近似分子动力学模型,模拟研究了各种单壁碳纳米管(SWCNTs)在300~4 000 K范围内的热稳定性.结果表明:手性碳管的热稳定性明显优于其它类型的碳管,半径相近的单臂管比锯齿管更稳定.在深入分析碳纳米管内碳键结构的基础上,进一步探讨了各种碳管的碳键从sp2向sp3转变的情况,利用键重构对碳管的热稳定性给出了理论解释;通过平均能量和温度的关系曲线分析,研究碳管热稳定性的变化.     

Formation of ordered ice nanotubes inside carbon nanotubes

Following their discovery, carbon nanotubes have attracted interest not only for their unusual electrical and mechanical properties, but also because their hollow interior can serve as a nanometre-sized capillary, mould or template in material fabrication. The ability to encapsulate a material in a nanotube also offers new possibilities for investigating dimensionally confined phase transitions. Particularly intriguing is the conjecture that matter within the narrow confines of a carbon nanotube might exhibit a solid-liquid critical point beyond which the distinction between solid and liquid phases disappears. This unusual feature, which cannot occur in bulk material, would allow for the direct and continuous transformation of liquid matter into a solid. Here we report simulations of the behaviour of water encapsulated in carbon nanotubes that suggest the existence of a variety of new ice phases not seen in bulk ice, and of a solid-liquid critical point. Using carbon nanotubes with diameters ranging from 1.1 nm to 1.4 nm and applied axial pressures of 50 MPa to 500 MPa, we find that water can exhibit a first-order freezing transition to hexagonal and heptagonal ice nanotubes, and a continuous phase transformation into solid-like square or pentagonal ice nanotubes.     

应力条件下单壁氮化硼纳米管结构、力学和电学性质

采用第一性原理赝势平面波方法,研究了单壁氮化硼(BN)纳米管在应力条件下的结构、力学和电学性质。计算了不同类型氮化硼纳米管的弹性模量、拉伸强度和Poisson比。结果表明:氮化硼纳米管具有与碳纳米管相同量级的弹性模量(TPa量级)和拉伸强度(GPa量级),可以当作稳定的基体材料用于复合材料的合成中。同时发现:在拉伸情况下,氮化硼纳米管的结构和能带结构均发生一定规律的变化,能隙逐渐减小。这表明,氮化硼纳米管可以用作nm级别的力学传感器。     

多壁碳纳米管负载镧掺杂氢氧化铁纳米胶粒修饰碳纤维簇电极对CO2的光电催化还原研究

通过溶胶法制备了氢氧化铁溶胶纳米粒子及镧掺杂氢氧化铁溶胶纳米粒子,多壁碳纳米管负载后,化学修饰在碳纤维簇电极上,制备出多壁碳纳米管负载镧掺杂氢氧化铁纳米胶粒修饰碳纤维簇电极,该电极对CO_2有光电催化还原作用。多壁碳纳米管修饰后增加了电极的表面积,氢氧化铁纳米胶粒修饰后还原电流变大增强了电催化还原功能,镧掺杂后起始电位正移增加了光催化还原功能。以MOPAC2012提供的PM7半经验分子轨道方法在设计的铁-氧-氯构成的氢氧化铁分子簇模型上进行半经验分子轨道计算,通过对计算结果的热力学,能级,分子轨道组成以及光谱分析表明,氢氧化铁溶胶纳米粒子及其镧掺杂对CO_2有光电催化还原行为。所设计的分子簇模型是具有热力学稳定的结构,镧掺杂加强了其稳定性。氢氧化铁分子簇具有较好的电子转移性,镧掺杂降低了其费米能级高度,有利于光催化,与实验结果相对应。且催化后的CO_2在键长、分子结构以及红外光谱都发生了较大变化,并具有碳酸的前体结构,实现了对CO_2分子的活化和光电化学催化还原。     

Evaluation of diameter distribution of inside cavities of open CNTs by analyses of nitrogen cryo-adsorption isotherm

Precise evaluation of innerdiameter distribution of open carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is the basis of systematic investigation of physico-chemical processes occurring in nano-sized quasi-1-dimensional carbons. Due to the porosity characteristics and adsorption properties, this study evaluated the innerdiameter and its distribution of carbon nanotubes by analyses of nitrogen cryo-adsorption isotherms, and proved that the gas adsorption method is an effective method to characterize the inner cavity structure in comparison with that of electron microscopy observations and Raman measurements. The advantages of this method are as follows: Firstly, statistical information for innerdiameter distribution of open nanotubes can be obtained; Secondly, the method based on the adsorption process in inner cavities is of importance for investigation of other physico-chemical pro- cesses inside the cavities of carbon nanotubes. And finally, if combining with other characterization methods, complete structural information for cavity can be acquired and these basic parameters are important for theoretical investigations and practical applications of carbon nanotubes.     

聚苯乙烯/碳纳米管复合材料的力学性能与结构

研究了聚苯乙烯／碳纳米管复合材料的力学性能，探讨了该材料的微观结构与性能之间的关系，结果表明，在碳纳米管加入量为1.0%时，复合材料的拉伸强度和冲击韧性较高，综合性能达到最佳，此时，碳纳米管在基体中呈纳米级分布，而且碳纳米管对苯乙烯的聚合过程没有阻碍作用。