Isotopic evolution of the terminal Neoproterozoic and early Cambrian carbon cycle on the northern Yangtze Platform, South China

Profound geotectonic, climatic and biological changes occur during the terminal Neoproterozoic and its transition into the early Cambrian. These are reflected in temporal variations of the chemical and isotopic composition of seawater. We are studying a sequence of sedimentary rocks at the Shatan section, northern Yangtze Platform, Sichuan Province of China. This succession comprises, in ascending stratigraphic order, predominantly calcareous sediments of the Sinian upper Dengying Formation and black shales of the lower Cambrian Guojiaba Formation (time equivalent of Niutitang Fm.). Paleoenvironmental setting represents shallow-water shelf deposits. The objective of our study is to provide temporal records for the isotopic compositions of organic and carbonate carbon throughout this time interval. Organic carbon isotope values display a range between -35.8‰ and -30.1‰ with clear stratigraphic variations. Carbonate carbon isotope data vary between -3.5‰ and +0.5‰. These secular variations are interpreted to reflect perturbations of the global carbon cycle, specifically changes in the fractional burial of organic carbon. However, local conditions have further affected the isotopic signals.     

δ13Ccarb and Ceanom excursions in the post-glacial Neoproterozoic and Early Cambrian interval in Guizhou,South China

Secular δ 13Ccarb and Ceanom profiles in the post-glacial Neoproterozoic and Early Cambrian interval are reported from Guizhou on the southeasten border of the Yangtze platform, South China. Overall, the δ 13Ccarb profile drifts to negative values in the post-glacial Nantuo and lower to middle Doushantuo Formations, and then to positive values in the upper Doushantuo and Dengying Formations of Neoproterozoic, followed by negative values in the Lower Cambrian Gezhongwu and Niutitang Formations. A detailed investigation of the relationship between the δ 13Ccarb and Ceanom profiles reveals that the main anoxic and oxic episodes are coupled with negative and positive δ 13Ccarb values, respectively. This may suggest a control of alternation between ocean stratification and mixing on variations in 13C abundance in the ancient ocean of the investigated areas.     

Vermicular fossils in the Early Cambrian Xidashan Formation in the Quruqtagh region of Xinjiang, China

Large amounts of vermicular fossils and a minor amount of sponge animal fossils have been found in the Early Cambrian Xidashan Formation in the region of Quruqtagh, Xinjiang. Vermicular fossils are generally more than 50 mm long and 0.3?1.4 mm wide; their wrinkled lamellae are microfine with 3?10 pieces within the length of every each millimeter. The fossils are considered to be Sabellidites cambriensis Sokolov (1965). The Xidashan Formation is the highest stratum in which Sabellidites occur, as has been so far reported.     

Eocrinoid echinoderms from the Lower Cambrian Guanshan Fauna in Wuding, Yunnan, China

This is a brief report of a new occurrence of eocrinoids from the Early Cambrian Wulongqing Formation in Yunnan, China. The eocrinoids from the Guanshan fauna are among the earliest known eocrinoids. Different from many other Early and Middle Cambrian eocrinoids, the Guanshan eocrinoids are char-acterized by the absence of sutural pores and epispires, the long and spiral brachioles, the extremely long stalk, and the ratio of the length of the stalk versus that of the calyx. The discovery of the eocri-noids from the Guanshan fauna not only provides new information to the investigation of the early evolution of this animal group, but also shed new light on the occurrence and migration of early eocrinoids.     

中上扬子晚奥陶世赫南特期岩相古地理

晚奥陶世赫南特期发生了全球性的气候变冷事件.中上扬子地区典型沉积为观音桥组,富产全球广泛分布的赫南特动物群,对应冰盖扩张引起的全球海平面下降阶段.根据岩性、沉积构造、生物组合及其保存状态,赫南特阶划分出潮坪相及浅海陆棚相.湖坪相主要沉积观音桥组炭泥质灰岩、钙质泥岩,底栖生物繁盛.浅海陆棚相主要沉积五峰组上部Normalogra ptus extraordinarius带黑色富硅质页岩、含放射虫硅质岩,并缺失观音桥组.研究表明,赫南特期延续了凯迪期晚期半局限海沉积格局.区域上,上扬子北部—中扬子大部地区、上扬子西部洪雅—康定等地继承了凯迪期晚期基座的浅海陆棚环境,仅有黄陵背斜—神农架、重庆城口、     

四川峨嵋麦地坪组白云岩有机地球化学特征

四川峨嵋高桥麦地坪组是前寒武系-寒武系连续沉积的重要层型剖面之一,小壳动物化石在该组中出现.对该组小壳动物化石出现层位白云岩的生物标志物以及单体正构烷烃同位素研究结果表明,其规则甾烷中C27甾烷的较高优势,可能与小壳生物的贡献有关.正构烷烃的碳同位素值随碳数增加的曲线变化范围较窄,反映了较为单一的母源输入特征.但被认为是与藻类输入有关的nC19的碳同位素值略低于C21～C26和C27～C37的碳同位素值,显示了不同生物母源的输入,具有藻类和细菌输入的特征.结合生物标志物参数显示,峨嵋高桥麦地坪含胶磷矿白云岩生物母质以蓝藻细菌类生物输入为主,可能含有部分的小壳动物输入.     

Paleoceangraphic significance of redox-sensitive metals of black shales in the basal Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation in Guizhou Province, South China

TheLowerCambrianblackshalesequenceoccursinSouthChinaalonganarc parallellinearbeltex tendingmorethan 16 0 0km .Theseorganic richblackshalesformedinvariousmarineenvironmentsandtypicallycontainhigheramountsofmolybdenum ,nickel,vanadium ,andanumberofothereconomical lyimportantmetalsthandoanyothersedimentaryrocks[1,2 ] .Therefore ,thestudyoftheseblackshaleshasnotonlypaleoceangraphicimplicationbutalsoe conomicsignificance .Marinesedimentssuchasblackshalearecom plexmixturesofdetritalphasesandseawat…     

Molecular organic geochemical evidence for paleoenvironmental changes at 11.87–12.28 m in GS-1 sedimentary core, Gucheng Lake, East China

Organic lipids with different occurrence modes in a sedimentary core in a subtropical freshwater lake, Gucheng Lake, were sequentially extracted, separated and analyzed. The down-core variations of OEP index of alkanes, C_18:2/C_18:0 ratios of fatty acids, ratios of bound, fatty acids to free fatty acids, thermo-maturity indices of hopanoid hydrocarbons and rerative concentrations of sedimentary minerals revealed an evident increasing in allochthonous input from rock detritus below 12.28 m in the sedimentary profile. The distribution pattern of tightlybound β-hydroxy fatty acids indicated a difference in bacterial communities above and below the boundary, as well as the gammacerane index may assign a significant change in lake water salinity. The evidence, in general, suggested that a significant paleoenvironmental change had taken place in ca. 9.6 kaBP on the regional basis.     

Molecular organic geochemical evidence for paleoenvironmental changes at 11.87-12.28 m in GS-1 sedimentary core, Gucheng Lake, East China

Organic lipids with different occurrence modes in a sedimentary core in a subtropical freshwater lake, Gucheng Lake, were sequentially extracted, separated and analyzed. The down-core variations of OEP index of alkanes, C18:2/C18:0 ratios of fatty acids, ratios of bound, fatty acids to free fatty acids, thermo-maturity indices of hopanoid hydrocarbons and relative concentrations of sedimentary minerals revealed an evident increasing in allochthonous input from rock detritus below 12.28 m in the sedimentary profile. The distribution pattern of tightly-bound β-hydroxy fatty acids indicated a difference in bacterial communities above and below the boundary, as well as the gammacerane index may assign a significant change in lake water salinity. The evidence, in general, suggested that a significant paleoenvironmental change had taken place in ca. 9.6 kaBP on the regional basis.     

Stable isotopic geochemistry of organic carbon and pyrite sulfur from the Early Cambrian black shales in Northwestern Hunan, China

The early Cambrian black shale sequence in Northwestern Hunan Province has been investigated for its stable isotopic geochemistry of organic carbon and pyrite sulfur. The relatively low δ 13C values of organic matter, -29.7‰～-34.2‰, are interpreted as caused by the high CO2 concentration in atmosphere/ocean and an anoxic depositional environment in early Cambrian. Variable, but significantly positive δ 34S values, 10.2‰～ 28.2‰, for sedimentary pyrite reveals bacterial sulfate reduction as the pyrite-forming process but under sulfate-limited conditions. A protected anoxic basin, which had very limited access to open ocean, and its sediments, where metabolizable organic matter was rich and bioturbation was absent, are supposed to be the sulfate-limited environments and might have existed in South China in the early Cambrian.     

Stratigraphic architecture of the Neoproterozoic glacial rocks in the “Xiang-Qian-Gui” region of the central Yangtze Block, South China

Recently ,theinterestinglowlatitudeandlowaltitudeSnowballEarthhypothesis[1,2 ] iswidelyreco gnized ,and greatlystimulatingthestudyoftheNeoproterozoicglaciations ,whichmaybecloselyre latedtothewell knownEarlyCambrianbio radiationevent.By 1980 ,theNeoproterozoicglaciationinSouthChinaisbelievedtobedividedintotwoglaciationsandoneinterglaciation[3～ 5] ,namely ,theearlyChang’anGlaciation ,lateNantuoGlaciationandFu luInterglaciation .However ,thereweredifferentwaysofcorrelation ,themostobvious…     

Identifying paleoflood deposits archived in Zhongba Site, the Three Gorges reservoir region of the Yangtze River, China

Based on the principle that the present is the key to the past, detailed analyses, such as AMS ^14C dating, grain size, component and morphology of heavy minerals, micro-morphology of zircon, Rb/Sr, magnetic susceptibility and total organic carbon （TOC）, were conducted to identify paleoflood sediments archived in Zhongba Site. The results indicate that the plaeoflood sediments bear great similarities with modern flood sediments in the following aspects： （1） probability cumulative curves mainly show a pattern of 3-4 segments; （2） grain-size distribution of suspended matter ranges between 3 and 10（I）; （3） the sediments are well-sorted, most of which are suspended matter （〉50%）; （4） the same species, quantity and morphology of heavy minerals; （5） scanning electronic microscope images show that shapes of zircon are mainly oval and nearly spheral, rounded due to long-distance transport; （6） higher Rb/Sr values （0.55-0.66）than those of sediments from cultural layers （0.03-0.26）; （7） magnetic susceptibility values （133.73-433.05 10^-6m^3/kg） are lower than those of sediments from cultural layers （959.25-2442.44 10^-6 m^3/kg）; （8） TOC （0.14%- 0.33%） are lower than those of sediments from cultural layers （1.13%-2.95%）. Our results demonstrate that, except for the 1981 flood, there are at least six paleoflood events that occurred during the Qing Dynasty, the middle of Song Dynasty, the early Warring States （400BC-350BC）, the West Zhou Dynasty （920BC-900BC）, the Xia Dynasty （2070BC-1600BC）, and the late Neolithic Age （3000BC-2300BC）, respectively.     

新疆塔里木盆地晚奥陶世—早石炭世地层划分对比研究新突破

首次系统应用化学－生物地层学对长期遗留的、严重阻碍了油气勘探开发步伐的塔里木盆地重大疑难地层问题：晚奥陶世－志留纪－泥盆纪－早石炭世地层划分对比和东河砂岩时代等进行了综合研究,厘定了几条重要的相关地层界线,并将东河砂岩的时代确定为泥盆纪晚泥盆世弗拉斯期。这些研究成果表明,化学－生物地层学对高分辨率地层划分对比、尤其是对在化石缺乏地区和层段进行地层划分对比工作有重要的意义和实用价值。     

山东肥城煤田晚石炭世-早二叠世小有孔虫动物群

通过对肥城煤田晚石炭-早二叠世小有孔虫动物群的研究,共鉴定出小有孔虫化石25属73种。自上而下可建立三个小有孔虫组合：ⅢMultidiscustalimuensis-Glomospira-Palaeotextularia组合,ⅡTetrataxis-Nodosaria-Palaeotextularia组合,ⅠEotuberitina-Bradyina组合。通过与其它地区小有孔虫组合对比,肥城煤田这三个小有孔虫组合的时代应分别为晚石炭世晚期（组合Ⅰ）和早二叠世早期（组合Ⅱ和组合Ⅲ）。     

四川黄龙地区晚泥盆世-早二叠世古群落分析

四川黄龙地区晚泥盆-早二叠世含丰富的生物化石,可划分出6个古生物群落.通过对个体生态、营养结构的分析及围岩和生物组合特征的研究表明:Gigantoproductus gianteus群落和Choristites群落为不成熟群落,环境属台地边缘;Triticites-Pseudoschwagerina群落和Verbeekina群落为成熟生物群落,Parafusulina-Schwagerina群落和Dictyoclostus-Schellwienella群落为较成熟群落,均属开阔台地生态环境.各群落在时间上相互取代主要受控于海水深度、海水持续缓慢变化导致的环境渐变,属缓慢环境变化型取代.结合各群落古生态环境及群落取代关系,建立了生态环境模式.     

A new section of Kaili Formation （Cambrian） and a biostratigraphic study of the boundary interval across the undefined Cambrian Series 2 and Series 3 at Jianshan,Jianhe County,China with a discussion of global correlation based on the first appearance datum of Oryctocephalus indicus （Reed, 1910）

A trilobite biostratigraphic study of a new section of the Kaili Formation at Jianshan, Chuandong Village, Jianhe County, Guizhou is reported. Additional occurrences of key species associated with the Ovatoryctocara granulata-Bathynotus holopygus Zone and the overlying Oryctocephalus indicus Zone that were originally defined from the trilobite assemblages at the WuliuZengjiayan section of the Kaili are reported from this new section. The first appearance datum （FAD） of Oryctocephalus indicus occurs at the 44.52 m above the base of the unit. Based on study of abundant specimens （n = 800） from the Kaili Formation, we argue that Oryctocephalus indicus is a widespread taxon with a global distribution. O. reticulatus （Lermontova, 1940） from the middle part of the Kounamkites Zone of the Amganian Stage in the Molodo River region of Siberia and O. americanus （Sundberg and McCollum, 2003） from Nevada, North America are similar to representatives of O. indicus which occur in the O. indicus Zone of the Kaili Formation. O. reticulatus and O. americanus are here synonymized with O. indicus （Reed, 1910）. This study strengthens the Wuliu-Zengjiayan section of the Kaili Formation as a candidate section for a Global Stratotype for the base of the unnamed Cambrian Series 3.     

龙潭楔叶的再研究——兼论华南晚泥盆世楔叶目的演化

基于安徽省巢湖市狮子口剖面上泥盆统（法门阶）五通组的标本,对龙潭楔叶Sphenophyllum lungtanense Gothan et Sze的叶形和脉式等重要特征取得了新认识。华南晚泥盆世楔叶目的起源和演化分异模式不同于劳俄大陆的同类植物,它们兼有原始和进化的营养器官（枝状、线状或片状叶）和生殖器官（缺少或具有孢子叶）,显示出较高的形态多样性和镶嵌演化。     

龙潭楔叶的再研究——兼论华南晚泥盆世楔叶目的演化

基于安徽省巢湖市狮子口剖面上泥盆统(法门阶)五通组的标本,对龙潭楔叶Sphenophyllum lungtanense Gothan et Sze的叶形和脉式等重要特征取得了新认识。华南晚泥盆世楔叶目的起源和演化分异模式不同于劳俄大陆的同类植物,它们兼有原始和进化的营养器官(枝状、线状或片状叶)和生殖器官(缺少或具有孢子叶),显示出较高的形态多样性和镶嵌演化。