Preliminary study on the orbit cross-calibration of CMODIS by Sea WiFS

China launched its third spaceship SZ-3 in March, 2002 on which the main remote sensor is the Chinese moderate imaging spectra radiometer (CMODIS). In this paper the properties of CMODIS are firstly introduced briefly. Then, the theory and algorithm of cross-calibration for CMODIS ocean color channels by the sea-viewing wide field-of-view sensor (SeaWiFS) data are discussed in detail. The total radiance (TOA) of four quasi-synchronized crossing ocean areas simulated by SeaWiFS and measured by CMODIS are compared and the calibration coefficients are derived from the relationship between them. Finally, the in-situ water leaving radiance data are used to validate the calibration results. The results show that the cross-calibration method could provide reasonable precision for ocean color measurement.     

Study on Marine Application Potentiality of CMODIS／SZ-3

The third spaceship SZ-3 of China was launched in March 2002, in which the payload is Chinese moderate imaging spectra radiometer (CMODIS) . In this paper, first, the properties and characteristics of CMODIS are briefly introduced; second, the quality and availahility are evaluated by means of the Complex signal noise ratio (CSNR) which is simulated theoretically； third, the received CMODIS data are compared with the Sea wide field-of-view sensor (SeaWiFS) / SeaSTAR data to understand the accuracy of radiance measurement by CMODIS;finally, the remote sensing products of ocean color and temperature are mapped by CMODIS to study its marine application potentiality. The results show that CMODIS has its latent capability for the application of marine environment detection, the management and protection of marine resources, and the national rights and interests. Meanwhile some suggestions are proposed to modify the next generation sensor on the Chinese spaceship.     

In-orbit cross-calibration of HY-1A satellite sensor COCTS

The Chinese Ocean Color and Temperature Scanner (COCTS) is the main sensor launched in May of 2002 on the Chinese first ocean color satellite named HY-IA. In this paper, first, the properties of HY-IA and COCTS are introduced briefly. Second, the theory and methodology of cross-calibration for COCTS ocean color bands by using the Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) data are discussed in detail. Third, with the quasi-synchronized SeaWiFS data, we simulate the COCTS radiances at the top of atmosphere (TOA), and then obtain the calibration coefficients for COCTS ocean color bands. The results show that the cross-calibration TOA radiances are consistent with the in situ vicarious calibration TOA radiances at the COCTS ocean color bands. Finally, we compare the COCTS-retrieved water leaving radiances with SeaWiFS-retrieved ones and the results show that the cross-calibration method could provide reasonable accuracy for ocean color measurement.     

Simulation and evaluation of the quality and availability of typical GLI ocean image

ADEOS-II satellite will be launched in the near future. It collocates many remote sensing instruments in the same platform. Among them, Global Image (GLI) is considered to be a main sensor which will play a key role. In order to understand the characteristics of future GLI ocean color images, a simulation and evaluation of the quality and availability of GLI typical ocean image has been done. In the paper, we first introduce the simulation models briefly, and simulate typical cases of radiance images at visible channels, in which the radiance distribution is based on geographic location, the satellite orbital parameters and sensor properties. A method, complex signal noise ratio (CSNR) to evaluate the image quality and availability, is developed according to the characteristics of image. Meanwhile, a series of CSNR images are generated from the simulated radiance components for different cases, which can be used to evaluate the quality and availability of GLI images before the ADEOS-II is placed in orbit. Finally, the quality and availability of GLI images are quantitatively analyzed by the simulated CSNR data. The results will be beneficial to the people who are in charge of GLI mission or plan to use the data from GLI.     

利用SeaWiFS资料对二类水体辐射大气校正方法的研究

SeaDAS软件提供的标准大气校正算法中,假设第7和第8通道的离水辐射为0,但测量数据表明,在二类水体的大气校正算法中这种假设不成立．针对中国海区的特点．选取不同的近岸二类水体大气校正方法进行分析和比较,给出了适用于近岸二类水体尤其是近岸高泥沙含量的混浊水体的大气校正方法．     

嫦娥一号IIM数据定标的改进方法

嫦娥一号月球探测卫星的IIM数据在应用之前,必须进行反射率定标．本文在反射率定标之前,对原始2c级IIM数据进行了坏线和坏点修复,以及条纹去除．由于条纹去除后的IIM影像不存在平场效应,有效地抑制了坏线、坏点和平场效应对反射率转换的影响,获得较已有IIM数据定标更好的结果．通过对比月球典型地区的IIM光谱与地基望远镜光谱,计算得到两者之间的增益和漂移因子．将上述增益和漂移因子应用到月球的其他区域,包括Apollo16和14登陆点,Mare Serenitatis和Copernicus撞击坑等区域,均得到理想的校正结果．表明上述增蒲和漂移因子可有效她校正月表的光谱     

Integrating genetic algorithm method with neural network for land use classification using SZ- 3 CMODIS data

This paper presents a methodology on land use mapping using CMODIS (Chinese Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) data on-board SZ-3 (Shenzhou 3) spacecraft. The integrated method is composed of genetic algorithm (GA) for feature extraction and neural network classifier for land use classification. In the data preprocessing, a moment matching method was adopted to remove the stripes in the images. Then by using the reproduction, crossover and mutation operators of GA based on the mechanism of “natural selection”, and with Jeffries-Matusita distance as its discriminate rule and the training samples, the optimal band combination for land use classification was obtained. To generate a land use map, the three layers back propagation neural network classifier is used for training the samples and classification. Compared with the Maximum Likelihood classification algorithm, the results show that the accuracy of land use classification is obviously improved by using our proposed method, the selected band number in the classification process is reduced, and the computational performance for training and classification is improved. The result also shows that the CMODIS data can be effectively used for land use/land cover classification and change monitoring at regional and global scale.     

利用SeaWiFS数据估算珠江口海域表层叶绿素浓度的研究

介绍了SeaWiFS资料的基本处理方法和海水叶绿素浓度提取方法,针对目前SeaWiFS资料沿岸二类水域的数据失效问题,提出了解决方法.并以珠江口为例,将经改进算法处理后的SeaWiFS数据用于叶绿素信息提取,经与实测数据对比,平均误差为29.6%.     

水色遥感理论模型探讨

由于目前技术条件的限制 ,黑箱模型在水体组份反演的研究中占据了主导地位 ,但其理论基础不足 ,针对具体成像条件推得的黑箱模型难以推广 ,故需从水色遥感成像机理出发来研究理论模型的识别和求解。意识到辐射传输方程难以实用 ,提出基于辐射传输方程求解结论的水色遥感理论模型架构。并讨论了模型的若干影响因素。特别指出 ,应该使用传感器灵敏度积分的方法来关联传感器接收到的辐射率和灰度值数据 ,而不是简单地使用传感器在波段中心波长处接收的辐射率。     

基于同步辐射的紫外-真空紫外光谱辐射测量装置的研制

研究基于同步辐射的紫外-真空紫外光谱辐射测量装置. 通过切换前置镜位置来完成同步辐射光源和传递标准光源的测量. 讨论了辐射计偏振特性对测量结果的影响. 根据Schwinger提出的理论公式,利用同步辐射作为基准辐射源,在115～350nm的波长范围测量了作为传递标准的氘灯的光谱辐射亮度,测量不确定度为11%～14%.     

利用FTIR光谱仪进行地物光谱发射率的野外测量方法研究

为了实现利用FTIR光谱仪进行野外地物光谱发射率的测量,针对D&P公司生产的Model-101型便携式FTIR光谱仪,讨论了仪器的定标原理,给出了样品的光谱辐射计算公式.采用低发射率反射板测量环境辐射,从而可以方便、快捷地计算出样品的发射率,并给出了相应的修正方法.样品实测结果表明,修正后的光谱发射率曲线与标准光谱发射率曲线具有很好的一致性.     

基于压电石英晶片扭转效应的扭矩传感器原理与研制

发明了一种基于压电石英晶片扭转效应的扭矩传感器,介绍了其理论基础、扭转束缚电荷密度分布规律与电极的粘贴方法,以及扭矩传感器性能标定.该传感器同其他石英扭矩传感器相比,突出特点是采用石英晶片的扭转效应而不是通常采用的剪切效应来建构的.整个扭矩晶组仅由3片普通Y0°切型的石英晶片组成,采用分割电极法布置检测电极,晶组的组成方式能够减小或避免径向力和轴向力的横向干扰,同时又能提高传感器的灵敏度.经标定该传感器的技术指标全面达到CIRP-STCC规定的测力仪使用标准.     

一种自确认软测量方法的研究与应用

软测量技术在过程工业中得到了广泛应用于代替或部分代替仪表的功能进行监控。但是,长期困扰软测量应用的是其鲁棒性问题。因此,提出了新型的软测量模型即自确认软测量模型。利用主元分析对输入传感器数据进行了在线校验和故障重构,不仅能确保了输入传感器(辅助变量传感器)数据的可靠性。同时,利用一定的状态参数来指示当前输入传感器的状态。此外,通过输出方差和归纳区间估计两种方法对软测量输出的不确定性进行了描述。模型的输出将不是单个预测值的输出,而是同时输出五种信息:带概率区间的输出、模型的状态(故障状态,重构状态和迷失状态等等)、不确定性、故障信息和校验输出值,并对发生故障的输入传感器进行数据重构和修复以达到模型自校验和自诊断的目的。所提出方法在污水处理过程中得到了有效应用。     

实时定标红外测温法测量海水表面温度

由于地球表面的70%是海洋,所以海洋各特征参数是直接反应全球气候、生物繁衍等各个方面情况的重要指标,其中海水表面温度是海洋特征参数中一个非常重要的参数指标.本文从红外测温的基本原理出发,探讨并介绍了在复杂的外界环境中如何避开海水表面辐射率修正的困难,实时定标红外测温仪来测量海水表面温度的方法.     

Photometric modeling of the Moon using Lommel-Seeliger function and Chang’E-1 IIM data

The imaging intefferometer （IIM） aboard the Chang＇E-1 lunar orbiter is the first multispectral imaging spectrometer for Chinese lunar missions. Before science applications （e.g., FeO and TiO= mapping） of the IIM raw data, the radiance variation due to changes in illumination and viewing geometry has to be removed from the radiometrically calibrated IIM Level 2A images. To achieve this, we fit the IIM Level 2A radiance data with a Lornmel-Seeliger photometric model consisting of an exponential term and a fourth order polynomial in the phase function, without distinguishing between lunar maria and highlands. The exponential and the fourth order polynomial parameters are derived separately by fitting to two datasets divided at a solar phase angle threshold, avoiding a decrease in the phase function close to zero phase angle. Different phase angle thresholds result in coincident fitting curves between 20° and 75°, while large discrepancies occur at other phase angles. Then the derived photometric model is used to normalize the IIM Level 2A data to radiance values at an incidence and phase angle of 30° and emission angle of 0°. Our photometric model is validated by comparing two photometrically normalized IIM radiance spectra covering the same areas, showing a relative deviation consistent with the IIM preflight calibration.     

称重式降水传感器测量误差变化研究

为研究自动气象站称重式降水传感器测量误差的变化规律,提出了一种通过依次添加砝码准确模拟降水量,从而实现现场校准的方法。对2019—2021年传感器现场校准数据进行统计,基于历史校准数据设计了一种计算称重式降水传感器偏离程度及其变化趋势的方法,根据历史校准数据得到传感器偏离程度变化模型。结果表明,现阶段传感器测量误差范围及观测数据质量整体受控可控,总体偏离程度为标准值的2.1%,且逐年增长0.1%。该研究可为气象传感器的测量误差预测、寿命预测提供参考。     

应用水色卫星对海水油及COD的遥感探测

应用水色卫星（ＳｅａＷｉＦＳ,１９９７年由美国发射）近海监测海水ＣＯＤ及油污染状况及其分布,在广东珠江口、大亚湾等近海海域,进行了水体波谱测试与分析,建立了与水色卫星相应波段的ＣＯＤ及油的质量浓度信息提取模型,并用此模型处理了１９９８年６月３０日过境的水色卫星图像,得到了珠江口、大亚湾近岸水域ＣＯＤ及油分布的专题图     

基于自动识别系统信息相关系数法的阵列幅相误差校准方案

针对高频地波雷达系统的工程应用,提出一种基于自动识别系统(automatic identification system, AIS)信息相关系数法进行阵列幅相误差校准的方法。该方法利用低信噪比的舰船回波信号,可以实现同步校正,不需要专门部署应答器,且成本低,对于不能借助直达波校准的单基地高频地波雷达系统同样适用。分析现场的实测数据结果表明,通过该方法对阵列幅相误差进行校准可以获得稳定的幅度、相位校准值,校准后多信号分类(multiple signal classification, MUSIC)空间谱估计方位角的准确性和分辨率得到大幅度提高,进而显著改善利用MUSIC算法估计海流方位角的高频地波雷达系统海流探测性能。     

我国海洋水色卫星发展概述

目前国外拥有海洋水色卫星的国家和地区有美国、欧洲欧空局、日本、韩国和印度。我国先后成功发射有HY-1A卫星和HY-1B卫星,其中HY-1A卫星为试验型业务卫星;HY-1B卫星在HY-1A卫星基础上研制而成,其技术指标和性能均优于HY-1A卫星。我国常用的海洋水色遥感数据是SeaWiFS数据和M OD IS数据。我国海洋水色卫星主要应用在海洋资源开发利用、海洋灾害监测应用、海洋权益维护、全球气候变化研究、国际交流与合作等方面。我国的海洋水色卫星研究起步较晚,应用水平还不够高,大力发展海洋水色卫星对维护我国海洋权益,加强海洋综合管理,促进海洋资源合理开发利用和海洋环境保护等方面都有非常重要的作用。     

对地观测图像BRDF校准模型的建立与应用

为提高对地观测图像质量的数据校准方法,建立区别于传统模型的对地观测目标复合双向反射分布函数（BRDF） 模型. 通过BRDF量值实现计量标准对该模型进行绝对量值标定,使得对地观测影像更真实反映观察对象. 该模型综合考虑对地观测目标的BRDF分布、太阳辐射、大气分布状况等,加入BRDF国家计量标准的修正参量,结合遥感相机参数,得到计量校准后的遥感相机入瞳辐亮度数据. 以一种典型建筑材料毛玻璃的BRDF测量及其对地观测图像的校准为例,通过这一复合模型的校准,其图像的色差提高约3,亮度对比提高约3.