祁连山冷龙岭南麓的冰川序列,黄土记录和阶地系列的初步…

已经发现的冰川沉积和黄土记录证明冷龙岭至少经历了３次冰期的冰川作用，其中倒数第３次冰期与沉积黄土Ｌ４（或Ｌ５）的时期相当，其时冰川规模最大，随后各个冰期冰川规模逐渐小，即使在倒数第三次冰期，冰川末端也只在达冷龙陇南侧门源盆地的边缘，未能覆盖整个盆地形成冰盖。     

秭归庙河的第四纪冰川遗迹

描述了秭归庙河一带的冰斗、漂砾、冰川谷及冰水阶地等冰川遗迹,该古冰川的发现有利证实中纬度地区中低山第四纪时冰川运动的存在．为了探讨该地第四纪经冰川作用,从影响冰川形成的机制（降水、温度和雪线高度）出发,通过与庐山地区的气候特征对比,来进一步阐明秭归地区第四纪冰川作用．基于庙河阶地中钙结岩中δ^18O的分析,恢复了该地第四纪冰期时的古气温和降雨量,第四纪冰期时温度和降水分别为一3．1～＋3．2℃和776～1155mm,这种气候背景条件有利于低山冰川作用的形成,总结出庙河第四纪时的冰期．     

崂山古冰川遗迹的地质证据

崂山是中国海岸线上的最高峰。研究发现，崂山发育有典型的古冰川侵蚀和堆积地貌，拥有我国东部罕见的冰碛海岸和冰碛扇等地貌类型。更新世期间，崂山至少发育过4次古冰川作用。更新世早期，崂山东部的雪线为60-90m（现代海拔），崂山及其周围共发育60余条古冰舌，东部的冰舌一直伸入黄海之中。孢粉组合特征说明，崂山在冰期具备形成冰川的气候条件；堆积物粒度曲线显示为冰川成因的沉积特征。研究还发现，中国东部的古冰川遗迹可能大部分被埋藏起来；区域地形特征和当地气候条件是决定雪线高度的关键因素。     

青藏高原东南缘四姑娘山地区末次冰期砾石沉积和冰楔特征

四姑娘山位于青藏高原东南缘,第四纪冰川可分为3期.末次冰期时长坪沟口属于冰缘地带,在前次冰期冰碛物上发育了冰楔构造,冰缘地带冰川融水形成黑色细砾堆积.根据新的证据,末次冰期时四姑娘山长坪沟口附近年平均气温比现在低14～20℃.末次冰川作用发生时恰好也是四姑娘山地区强烈抬升的时期,因此,这套粗碎屑堆积可能是推覆构造的沉积响应,表明末次冰期时可能存在气候与构造联动作用.四姑娘山地区末次冰川规模较倒数第二次冰期明显偏小.     

青藏高原第四纪冰期序列及其意义

普兰丁喀里山口和理塘海子山地区第四纪冰川遗迹的研究进一步证实,近２Ｍａ来,青藏高原经历过５次冰期和４次间冰期。青藏高原第四纪冰期序列的研究,对于完善大陆第四纪冰期序列、研究全球变化、认识中国东部第四纪冰川作用都具有重要意义。     

临汾盆地中更新世中晚期以来的演化历史及成因分析

第四纪中晚期以来临汾盆地中发育了五级冲湖积台地或阶地。地貌沉积阶段性发育的特点反映出临汾古湖在这一时期曾经历过多次收缩的变化。根据上覆冲湖积台地或阶地的最老黄土古土壤序列,我们发现在S8的早期（年龄0.75MaBP),S5的早期（年龄0.50MaBP)和S1的早期（年龄0.13MaBP),盆地中发生了三次大幅度的湖退;在L1SS开始发育时（年龄52kaBP),汾河发生了一次强烈下切,形成了T2阶地。从影响湖盆变化的因素分析,构造抬升是导致三次大幅度湖退的根本原因;气候变化是T2阶地的致因。     

藏东南典型第四纪堆积阶地成因研究-以雪瓦卡平台为例

藏东南地区是研究海洋型冰川的天然宝库,帕隆藏布流域作为冰川活跃区,因其独特的地形地貌、气候条件,沿岸不仅堆积形态各异的第四纪冰碛垄、泥石流扇,而且发育断续分布的平台地形。利用无人机技术、高精度遥感影像、钻探、物探,结合实测剖面对藏东南典型第四纪堆积阶地成因进行详细的分析,为研究区域性堆积阶地成因提供依据,并得出以下结论：（1）雪瓦卡平台为第四纪堆积体,所在区域曾经发育了一个堰塞湖;（2）雪瓦卡平台第二级阶地下部为巨厚湖相砂层,上部为河床沉积卵砾石,这种下细上粗的物质接触关系可能为沉积区由堰塞湖转变为河道沉积,堰塞坝逐步疏通的过程;（3）上、下游支沟不仅为平台形成提供物质来源,而且为其形成提供地形地貌条件;（4）帕隆藏布沿岸断续分布的平台地形在形成过程中普遍受到上下游支沟冰川运动、泥石流发育的影响。     

崂山古冰川遗迹的地质证据

崂山是中国海岸线上的最高峰。研究发现,崂山发育有典型的古冰川侵蚀和堆积地貌,拥有我国东部罕见的冰碛海岸和冰碛扇等地貌类型。更新世期间,崂山至少发育过4次古冰川作用。更新世早期,崂山东部的雪线为60~90 m(现代海拔),崂山及其周围共发育60余条古冰舌,东部的冰舌一直伸入黄海之中。孢粉组合特征说明,崂山在冰期具备形成冰川的气候条件;堆积物粒度曲线显示为冰川成因的沉积特征。研究还发现,中国东部的古冰川遗迹可能大部分被埋藏起来;区域地形特征和当地气候条件是决定雪线高度的关键因素。     

滇西北玉龙山第四纪冰川作用的探讨

本文摘要地描述了玉龙山第四纪冰川作用所形成的地貌，如冰斗、刃脊、角峰、槽谷等冰蚀地貌和侧碛堤、终碛堤、冰碛丘陵等冰碛地貌；较详细地论述了玉龙山冰川沉积物的组构、粒度和石英砂粒表面的形态特征等，最后对冰期作了划分。     

柴达木盆地成盐期与青藏高原第四纪冰期及构造运动阶段的相关性

 柴达木盆地沉积有巨厚的晚新生代沉积物和丰富的矿产资源,是研究晚新生代以来气候与环境变化、构造运动与盆地演化、成盐成矿规律的理想地区。通过对柴达木盆地钻孔和剖面的含盐地层测年数据进行总结,并与青藏高原第四纪冰川活动和构造运动进行对比,认为柴达木盆地成盐期与青藏高原第四纪冰期及构造运动阶段具有一定的对应关系。柴达木盆地西部盐湖和干盐湖中通常发育有倒数第二次冰期及末次冰期的石盐层,某些盐湖中还有希夏邦玛冰期、望昆冰期、中梁赣冰期的石盐层;迄今为止在柴达木盆地东部的察尔汗盐湖区中仅发现末次冰期以来的石盐层。冰期环境下的干冷气候及冰川扩张,造成盐湖补给水源的减少,有利于盐类物质的沉积。     

Dating and genesis of the upper Weihe River terraces in Longxi basin, China

Seven terraces along the Weihe River in Longxi basin have been investigated. These terraces all consist of archetypal duality in structure, namely the floodplain deposits and the layer of gravels overlaid by varying thickness of the loess. By resorting to various dating approaches such as palaeomagnetic, optically stimulated luminescenece (OSL), 14C and loess-paleosol sequence, we provide preliminary timing of these seven terraces along upper Weihe River. Analysis on sedimentation characteristics and dating of these terraces showed that seven terraces may be jointly generated by tectonic uplifts and climatic changes. Tectonic uplifts may accommodate initial river incision, and climatic change may be responsible for processes of subsequent channel widening and aggradation. Aggradation normally occurs during glacial periods, in contrast to down-cuttings during transitions from glacial to interglacial period. Moreover, on the basis of the timings and heights of these terraces, we infer that the long-term rate of river incision was determined to be 0.2 m/kyr during the last 870 kyr, which differs from other river incision rates. This discrepancy may reflect spatio-temporal differentiation of tectonic activities in the Qinling orogenic belt during the Pleistocene.     

Dating and genesis of the upper Weihe River terraces in Longxi basin,China

Seven terraces along the Weihe River in Longxi basin have been investigated. These terraces all consist of archetypal duality in structure, namely the floodplain deposits and the layer of gravels overlaid by varying thickness of the loess. By resorting to various dating approaches such as palaeomagnetic, optically stimulated luminescenece (OSL), 14C and loess-paleosol sequence, we provide preliminary timing of these seven terraces along upper Weihe River. Analysis on sedimentation characteristics and dating of these terraces showed that seven terraces may be jointly generated by tectonic uplifts and climatic changes. Tectonic uplifts may accommodate initial river incision, and climatic change may be responsible for processes of subsequent channel widening and aggradation. Aggradation normally occurs during glacial periods, in contrast to down-cuttings during transitions from glacial to interglacial period. Moreover, on the basis of the timings and heights of these terraces, we infer that the long-term rate of river incision was determined to be 0.2 m/kyr during the last 870 kyr, which differs from other river incision rates. This discrepancy may reflect spatio-temporal differentiation of tectonic activities in the Qinling orogenic belt during the Pleistocene.     

S2以来下蜀黄土沉积序列磁化率记录与深海氧同位素记录的对比

对镇江下蜀黄土剖面进行了系统的磁化率测试,并同深海氧同位素记录进行了对比。结果表明,S2以来下蜀黄土磁化率记录与深海氧同位素记录存在良好的对应关系。首次在下蜀黄土记录中发现了相当于深海氧同位素5a,5b,5c,5d和5e亚阶段的波动特征;下蜀黄土S2磁化率记录则可与深海氧同位素7阶段进行细节上的详细对比。对比揭示,最近20多万年以来,下蜀黄土堆积区对全球古气候变化有着积极的响应;同时,下蜀黄土记录的古气候变化在某些阶段又具有明显的区域特征,可能反映的是全球气候变化效应与东亚古季风气候影响的叠加作用。镇江下蜀黄土剖面能获得精度较高的全球变化信息与其特定的地理位置、纬度位置和地貌条件有关。     

Paleomagnetic dating of the topmost terrace in Kouma,Henan and its indication to the Yellow River''''s running through Sanmen Gorges

How did the Yellow River develop and evolve? Whendid it form? The geoscientists have concerned these im-portant questions for a long time. They have done a lot ofresearches on these issues and gotten a lot of valuableresults, while there are still many controversies. In general,it mainly includes several points as follows. According tothe transition of the fluviolacustrine strata, biological fos-sils and geologic structure in Lanzhou and Yinchuan, Linmade a conclusion that the Yellow River…     

Paleomagnetic dating of the topmost terrace in Kouma,Henan and its indication to the Yellow River＇s running through Sanmen Gorges

In the east of Xiaolangdi, many river terraces are developed at the exit of the Yellow River Gorges. Among them the terraces in Kouma, Yanshi of Henan Province are most typical, where the Yellow River developed three staircase terraces, among which the altitude of gravel stratum of the topmost terrace is 30-35 m higher than the river level.The top of the gravel stratum was covered by 60 m eolian loess deposits which have many brownish-red paleosol strips.And the paleosol $14 is at its bottom. Research on systematic magnetostratigraphy and paleosol-loess matching indicates that the bottom age of the loess on the topmost terrace is 1165 ka. Therefore, it can be concluded that the terrace develops no later than 1.165 Ma and the situation that the Yellow River runs through Sanmen Gorges and inpours into East China Sea happened at least before 1.165 Ma.     

黄土高原河流演化研究中的几个地学问题——与朱照宇、丁仲礼先生商榷

以河流阶地与堆积黄土、河流起源与冰期、河流演化与新构造运动等3个问题与《专著》商榷.其中风成黄土不应属河流冲积阶地组分,黄土层厚度尺寸不应计入河流阶地面高度中;河流起源应考虑冰期要素,离石黄土中第二砂质黄土层应属鄱阳冰期层位.冰期前为河流起源Ⅰ期,冰期后为河流起源Ⅱ期;河流演化是在新构造运动支配下发生,黄河、洛河、汾河等演化均属各自流域内多个盆地间贯通的首次演化;河流尚有跨两大已成河流域间的二次演化;给出了洛河演化模式阶地位相图.     

粤东地区的河流阶地

 依据广东东部超过32条河流、55处河流阶地、至少25个¹⁴C、热释光的冲积层测龄数据等情况,可知：粤东最多有6级河流阶地,最大阶地高度70 m且靠近现代主河床分布。从上游向下游第一级阶地明显变形：龙川县黎咀镇上游为常态阶地,黎咀镇下游至博罗县园洲镇为半埋藏阶地,园洲镇下游进入东江三角洲为埋藏阶地。而且该冲积物时代有渐新趋势,反映晚更新世河源地区的构造抬升较早或速率较快,中下游地区构造逐渐稳定或下沉。粤东至少有12处较典型的剥夷面砾石层。其特怔：① 分布海拔20～210 m,与当地剥蚀台地高度相似;② 位于当地级别最高、分布面积大的河流阶地上;③ 石岩镇玉律、平陵镇、东坑镇、水唇镇、龙母镇张坊等剥夷面砾石层由昔日河流形成,其谷中谷成为今日小河（只有狭窄河床河漫滩,或许有第一级河流阶地）,今昔河流发育相隔数十万年;④ 剥夷面有两个倾斜方向：流域内向河谷和向下游倾斜;总体上由南岭向南海倾斜。     

Climatic instability recorded by the mollusk assemblages from the late glacial loess deposits in China

The loess-paleosol sequence in China records abundant and valuable information on the global and regional climate changes. Biological record from the loess sequence is the most direct evidence on variation in pattern of paleo-atmospheric circulation and changes in winter and summer monsoon. A new record of climatic instability, which occurred in the Loess Plateau during the late glacial period, is presented. Through the study of terrestrial mollusks from three loess sequences, the authors intend to characterize the biological response process to rapid climate change and to learn the mechanisms driving the instable climate changes and the possible linkage in different regions. The result shows the striking consistent variability in the ratio records of three mollusk sequences of the late glacial, indicating apparent rapid climate fluctuations. Correlation of our three mollusk records with the oxygen isotopic records from Greenland ice cores and foraminifera1 records from the Northeast Pacific Ocean reveals similar instability climate during the late glacial period, which provides us a new thought probing the climate instability observed in the North Atlantic, the North Pacific and the Loess Plateau. The low-level atmospheric circulation in the Northern Hemisphere may be one possible way to link the unstable climate patterns observed in the above three regions.