改良遗传算法在图像多阈值分割中的应用

最大熵原则是图像阈值分割的一个重要方法、但是用此方法进行多阈值分割时，存在着计算开销巨大的问题．笔者在M．Srinivas的自适应遗传算法基础上提出一种改良的遗传算法，用于基于模糊最大熵图像多阈值分割，克服了此分割方法计算量大的问题．通过实验，比较了改良遗传算法和M．Srinivas自适应遗传算法及模拟退火算法，显示了改良遗传算法的有效性．     

遗传算法中的逐级进化策略研究

基于反馈控制原理，通过对遗传算法寻优规律的分析，提出了一种逐级进化策略．计算结果表明，该方法可有效地改善遗传算法的寻优性能．     

基于遗传算法PID控制器在张力控制中的应用

采用遗传算法进行PID参数的优化设计．根据控制任务的要求建立综合优化指标，在此基础上提出采用遗传算法进行PID参数优化的基本步骤，并具体以数字控制系统PID参数的优化为例进行了仿真计算．研究表明，对比传统的优化方法，遗传算法是一种十分有效的优化方法，遗传算法不要求优化对象的数学模型连续，而具有更宽的适用范围，同时遗传算法还具有较好的鲁棒性和稳定性．     

遗传算法进化中积木块的识别和利用研究

提出了一种基于积木块识别的遗传算法，该算法通过对进化过程中的候选积木块进行识别与利用来加速搜索，从而避免遗传算法随机搜索的盲目性．利用经典的对称旅行商问题求解过程来测试各种识别方法，再利用积木块的识别结果改进原有遗传算法，包括改进积木块的识别率以及基于积木块的交叉、变异算子．与基本遗传算法的计算结果对比分析表明，所提算法可显著提高遗传算法的搜索效率，减小遗传算法随机搜索的波动性．     

基于遗传算法的层合板结构的可靠性优化设计

采用遗传算法分析了存在初始缺陷的复合材料层合板的可靠性优化问题．优化设计时，以层合板结构的厚度最小为目标函数，以可靠度要求为约束条件．在可靠度分析中，取初始缺陷、强度参数、单元层的厚度为随机变量，采用一阶矩法和Tsai-Wu准则分析每个单元层的失效概率，系统失效概率的计算基于串联系统假定．通过比较遗传算法与序列二次规划法的计算结果，证实了遗传算法用于可靠性优化设计的有效性．     

QoS路由技术的新方法

多约束QoS路由问题是NP完全问题，一般采用启发式算法求解。量子遗传算法和DNA计算技术是新型的软计算方法．是解决NP完全问题的有效途径。文章在介绍量子遗传算法和DNA计算基本原理的基础上．给出了利用量子遗传算法求解多约束QoS路由问题的算法过程以及利用DNA计算技术解决QoS路由问题的算法模型，为多约束QoS路由技术的求解提供了新方法和新思路。     

混合遗传算法在压水堆换料优化中的应用

针对遗传算法和禁忌搜索算法的优点与缺陷，提出了遗传算法与禁忌搜索算法相结合的混合优化算法．该混合优化算法结合了遗传算法在全局搜索上的优点和禁忌搜索算法在局部搜索方面的优点，与标准遗传算法相比，在搜索能力和收敛速度上都有较大提高．为验证其优越性，使用国际原子能机构IAEA公布的Kalinin5核电厂WWER-1000型堆芯第二循环换料基准题以及秦山第六循环堆芯换料问题进行了优化计算比较与校验．结果表明，遗传算法和禁忌搜索相结合的混合优化算法比单独使用遗传算法能够获得更好的堆芯布置方案，获得了更大的适应值，循环寿期增加了20d，并且收敛速度也有所提高．     

水火电混合系统经济调度的双链态遗传算法

遗传算法（GA）为求解电力系统经济调度问题提供了一条新的途径．研究了基于双链态基因模型的遗传算法（DGA），给出了显性基因和隐性基因选优准则．应用DGA建立了电力系统经济调度的遗传算法模型，该模型易于考虑系统负荷平衡、用水限制和梯级水电厂之间的水流流达时间等约束条件．在pentium计算机上对由两个火电厂和含有四个梯级水电厂组成的系统进行了仿真计算，取得了满意的效果．     

考虑开关动作次数约束的配电网无功电压控制方法的研究

根据多台有载调压变压器和可多组投切的电容器构成的配电网络，提出了以全网一天中网损最小为目标，考虑开关动作次数约束的无功电压实时控制的数学模型．针对计算模型，基于遗传算法的思想，设计了相应的编码、杂交和变异操作．在计算过程中，可巧妙计入开关动作次数限制，动作时段及开关当前状态等信息．算例结果表明，该方法比传统遗传算法及动态规划法的计算速度有较大提高．     

多个体参与交叉的遗传算法

提出了多个体参与交叉的遗传算法,即采取新的交叉算子使子代个体同时含有多个父代个体的模式．突破了以前遗传算法只有两个个体参与交叉的局限,通过调整参与交叉的父代个体数目和交叉后产生的后代个体数目,实际上提出了遗传算法调试中的两个新参数．通过调整新参数,使得遗传算法可能有更高的计算效率．证明了多个体参与交叉的遗传算法的模式定理．将方差与熵作为描述遗传算法解群多样性的工具．分析了多个体参与交叉的遗传算法对解群方差及熵的影响．通过一个算例验证了多个体参与交叉的遗传算法具有较高的计算效率     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that