产毒性大肠杆菌CFA／I基因表达与DNA超螺旋状态的关系

将CFA／I结构基因(cfaABCE)克隆到载体pJRD184上构建了质粒pJGX15A，并将其转入大肠杆菌fDpA野生株E．coli HB101和topA缺陷株E．coli DM800中．Western blot测定的结果表明，在CFA／I的正调控基因cfaD基因缺失时，两株重组菌株都能够表达CFA／I抗原．分别抽提两个重组菌株对数前期和对数中期的质粒pJGX15ADNA，并对其进行氯喹琼脂糖凝胶电泳分析，结果显示E．coli DM800细胞中质粒pJGX15A的负超螺旋水平比野生型细胞E．coli HB101中的较低．同时，菌落免疫酶斑分析的结果显示DM800受体菌中CFA／I的表达水平比HB101受体菌中的表达水平高．实验结果表明，CFA／I结构基因的表达与DNA负超螺旋水平有明显的负相关性，与负超螺旋促进基因表达的看法不同．     

糖多孢红霉菌酮还原酶域在羰基还原中的应用

为研究糖多孢红霉菌聚酮合成酶模块1的酮还原酶域,催化羰基还原的底物特异性和立体选择性,PCR扩增了该酶域的编码基因(eryKR1),并将其克隆到表达载体pET-28a,得到重组质粒pET-eryKR1,转化到Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)后,获得了重组菌株E.coli BL21(pET-eryKR1).将E.coli BL21(pET-eryKR1)和异源表达枯草芽孢杆菌葡萄糖脱氢酶基因的重组大肠杆菌E.coli BL21(pET-gdh1)进行双重组菌耦合,对4-氯乙酰乙酸乙酯、苯乙酮、2-辛酮和环己酮4种底物进行转化还原,利用气相色谱分析转化液,结果显示E.coli BL21(pET-eryKR1)对环己酮的还原效果较好,产物环己醇的得率最高可达93.24%,而对其他3种底物几乎没有还原能力.利用E.coli BL21(pET-eryKR1)2催化2-甲基环己酮不对称还原,产物主要为顺式-2-甲基环己醇,产率可达41.87%,产物的对映体过量值为74.81%.     

枯草芽孢杆菌葡萄糖脱氢酶基因的克隆及在大肠杆菌中的高效表达

利用PCR技术扩增得到来源于枯草芽孢杆菌的葡萄糖脱氢酶基因片段，并构建重组质粒pUC-T-GDH，然后将基因片段克隆于大肠杆菌表达载体pBV220中．得到表达质粒pBV-GDH．葡萄糖脱氢酶在含有表达质粒的基因工程菌株中得以诱导表达，聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳及薄层扫描结果表明，经诱导表达的葡萄糖脱氢酶约占基因工程菌株总蛋白的45％．葡萄糖脱氢酶活力测试表明，基因工程菌株无细胞抽提液中葡萄糖脱氢酶的活力为7.8U／毫克，约为对照组的30倍．实验结果初步说明，广泛应用于工业化生产的葡萄糖脱氢酶可以在基因工程菌株中得以大量表达并维持较高活力．     

解淀粉芽孢杆菌ptsGHI基因的敲除及缺陷株生长特性

在解淀粉芽孢杆菌磷酸转移酶系统中,葡萄糖主要是由ptsGHI操纵子编码的酶EI、HPr、EIIGlc转运入细胞.文中运用PCR技术,扩增出ptsG和ptsHI基因上下游的DNA片段,共约1kbp,用融合PCR连接上下游片段后,再连接到温敏型质粒pKS2上,然后电转化到解淀粉芽孢杆菌XH7中,最终构建了ptsG和ptsHI基因缺陷株.实验结果显示:在LB培养基中,tsG及ptsHI基因缺陷株的生长状况与野生型菌株无明显差异;在含葡萄糖的LB培养基中,ptsG基因缺陷株的最高菌密度比野生型菌株提高了28％,且平稳期比野生型菌株要长,而ptsHI基因缺陷株的最高菌密度比野生型菌株降低了约32％,与其在LB中的生长状况基本一致;ptsG和ptsHI缺陷株及野生型菌株经鸟苷发酵实验后,ptsG基因缺陷株的鸟苷产量比野生型菌株提高了约24％,ptsHI基因缺陷株的鸟苷产量则比野生型菌株降低了约82％.以上结果表明:解淀粉芽孢杆菌ptsG基因缺陷株具有良好的生长能力和产物合成能力.     

基于cdd基因敲除和嘧啶操纵子转移的胞苷产生菌的研究

以大肠杆菌作为出发菌株,通过基因工程手段对其进行改造,旨在提高胞苷产量.首先,通过Red重组系统敲除了大肠杆菌MG3028基因组上的胞苷脱氨酶基因(cdd),阻断了胞苷的分解代谢.然后,构建了含解淀粉芽孢杆菌TS8嘧啶操纵子结构基因的重组质粒pPYR3021,并将其转入E.coli MG3028(△cdd).与出发菌株E.coli MG3028相比,E.coli MG3028(△cdd)的胞苷产量提高了近2倍,而尿苷产量降低了近75%,携带重组质粒pPYR3021的菌株胞苷产量较出发菌株提高了近6倍.     

亮氨酸拉链结构蛋白基因表达载体选择

以ZG1( )、ZG1(-)、ZG2( )、ZG2(-)、ZG3( )、ZG3(-)寡聚核苷酸片段为材料，合成了含有GCN4亮氨酸拉链蛋白基区结合DNA必需的35个氨基酸的折叠片段，将此片段分别克隆到pET3b质粒和pBLZ质粒中．酶切后用2％琼脂糖电泳检测证明两者克隆成功．将这2种重组质粒分别转化到E.coli DH5a中．发现pET3b重组体在E．coli DH5a中表达成功．而pBLZ质粒重组体在E．coli DH5a中不能成功表达；从转化子中分离得到重组质粒pET3b,酶切和序到分析都证明插入序列为合成的亮氨酸拉链蛋白基因．     

利用tyrB与aspA基因在大肠杆菌中的偶联表达制备L-苯丙氨酸

报道了利用tyrB与aspA串联表达来合成苯丙氨酸．首先将抄当与aspA串联在质粒pBV221上,构成串联表达质粒pBV-tyrB-aspA;然后将该重组质粒转化到E．coli K36菌株中表达．对基因编码的相关酶活性以及工程菌利用FA和PPA生成Phe进行研究,结果表明：利用AspA和TyrB的偶联反应可以有效的提高E．coli K36合成L-苯丙氨酸的能力．     

盐生盐杆菌含耐盐相关基因DNA片段的克隆

将盐生盐杆菌总DNA的BamHI不完全酶切片段与质粒pUC19连接成重组质粒,并以重组质粒转化E.coli JM101.经X-Gal-IPTG法筛选白色重组子,结合高盐平板检测,已经获得了3株比原受体菌的耐盐性提高30％－67％的转化子。重组质粒酶切电泳分析表明,被克隆的盐生盐杆菌含耐盐相关基因的DNA片段长度在1．0－3．5kb之间。     

含α-乙酰乳酸脱羧酶基因重组酿酒酵母的啤酒发酵

利用E .coli和酿酒酵母的穿梭质粒pYES2为载体 ,将地衣芽孢杆菌α 乙酰乳酸脱羧酶基因导入酿酒酵母中 ,构建了重组质粒pYEA ,实现了α 乙酰乳酸脱羧酶基因在酵母菌中的表达 .α 乙酰乳酸脱羧酶基因在酵母菌中的表达与菌体生长有关 .pYEA质粒在无选择压力的发酵条件下 ,仅能保持一定的稳定性 ,并具有降解α 乙酰乳酸的能力 ,但丢失率比较高 .     

人脑蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶SHP-1基因克隆与原核表达

从人脑组织中提取mRNA,通过RT-PCR扩增出目标cDNA,构建蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶SHP-1-pEASY-E1重组质粒.将重组质粒转化进E.coli TOP10感受态细胞中,筛选阳性克隆进行验证,将测序正确的质粒转化到E.coli Transetta感受态细胞中表达SHP-1.进一步对SHP-1表达的诱导温度和IPTG浓度等条件进行优化.结果显示,所克隆的SHP-1基因片断经PCR鉴定和测序分析,与目标基因完全相符.通过蛋白表达条件的优化,发现20℃,0.4mmol/L IPTG对表达菌株进行诱导时,SHP-1可溶性蛋白表达量最大.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that