青藏高原东北边缘黄土磁化率各向异性揭示古风向的初步研究

利用磁化率各向异性系统地研究了黄土沉积时的近地面风向。根据兰州、临夏、武都三个典型剖面共计１４０个风成黄土样品的磁化率各向异性的研究发现青藏高原东北边缘地区各时代黄土沉积的近地面风向是各不相同的，自早更新世中期到中更新世直至晚更新世，随着时间的推移，古风向都存在着一个明显的逆时针方向的改变。究其原因，这可能与青藏高原的隆起和局地特殊的地形效应以及环流形式的调整有关。     

青藏高原东北边缘黄土磁化率各向异性揭示古风向的初…

利用磁化率各向异性系统地研究了黄土沉积时的近地面风向。根据兰州、临夏、武都三个典型剖面共计１４０个风成黄土样品的磁化率各向异性的研究发现青藏高原东北边缘地区各时代黄土沉积的近地面风向是各不相同的。自早更新世中期到吉更新世直至晚更新世。随着时间的古风向都存在着一个明显的逆时针方向的改变。     

中国黄土山城“依山造居”的几个灾害问题讨论（Ⅳ）：黄土泥流分析

对中国黄土山城“依山造居”的几个灾害问题（如黄土层地震反应、黄土滑坡、黄土沉陷、黄土泥流等）进行了分析。在此仅讨论黄土泥流问题，阐述了黄土泥流的分布特征；在大量调查与实验资料的基础上，分析了黄土泥流的形成条件；提出了一种黄土泥流蠕、滑动液化机理；推导出了伴随滑坡的黄土泥流速度公式；最后提出了黄土泥流的防治措施。     

陕西长安县杨湾剖面黄土含水条件研究

根据长安县杨湾村黄土剖面含水层的调查和含水量，孔隙度测定，研究了黄土含水层的分布和含水手条件。结果表明，该剖面黄土地层含水量变化代表了与以往研究不同的变化类型，含水量峰值出现在黄土层中，低值出现在红色古土壤层中；从上向下含水量与孔隙度呈波动变化规律，在约60万年来的黄土地层中出现的四个含水层均由黄土层构成，隔水层主要为红古土壤上部裂隙少的粘化层。     

深海氧同位素第5阶段的气候记录;武都黄土剖面与极地…

武都地区晚更新世以来堆积了厚约１７ｍ的黄土地层，其间夹有多层厚度不一，发育程度不同的古土壤层。在剖面１３．２－１７ｍ黄土中，野外可清晰的观察到６层古土壤。通过剖面磁化率，粒度，稳定同位素，元素地球化学，ＴＬ年代，ＣａＣＯ３有机质含量的综合分析，认为它敏感而详尽地记录了深海氧同位素第５阶段的气候变化历史。     

西安地区黄土地层含水空间研究

通过对西安东郊和长安县黄土剖面野外考察、裂隙观察、统计测量、孔隙度测定和颗粒分析，系统地研究了黄土地层含水空间，进而发现了密集风化裂隙含水空间的新类型，提出了粒间孔隙不是沉积形成的，而是土壤化的产物。揭示了黄土含水空间具有波动变化规律，这种变化是受古环境变化控制的。研究表明，冷干时期成壤作用弱，含水空间发育好；温湿时期成壤作用强，含水空间发育弱。黄土孔隙度与粉砂含量成正相关关系，与粘粒含量成负相关关系。     

兰州九洲台黄土剖面重矿物研究

本文着重研究了兰州九洲台黄土剖面重矿物组成的基本特征。不同时代黄土地层重矿物组成具有复杂性、一致性和差异性，反映出九洲台黄土是风成的，沉积物主要来源于我国西部广泛分布古老岩石山岭和其有联系的大戈壁沙模的风化产物；由于搬运营力的变化，使重矿物组分具有不均匀的特征。放物Ｒ值表明，九洲台黄土沉积环境比东部西峰剖面和洛川剖面更邻近于来源区；黄土和古土壤层沉积时，主要反映相当干冷为主的气候条件，二者气候环境     

腾格里沙漠南缘武威黄土稀土元素及黄土沉积模式

研究发现，武威黄土剖面中稀土元素表现出三种类型：贫轻稀土型、富重稀土型和贫重稀土型；稀土元素平均含量变化及稀土分布模式与黄土高原典型剖面可以对比甚至一致，特征参数平均值也十分接近．提出稀土特征参数δＥｕ，δＣｅ和ＬＲＥＥ／ＨＲＥＥ构成的三角图解，可以揭示不同时代、不同源区或同一源区不同物质组成对于黄土物质的相对贡献，进而追索黄土的物质来源．黄土是一类高度均一化的广源沉积物；腾格里沙漠对于黄土而言在全球气候恶化、变干、变冷、区域地质构造稳定或相对隆升及沙漠发展时期是一物源区．     

北峪河流域的治理措施

1 流域概况 北峪河属长江流域,嘉陵江水系,位于武都北部,是白龙江的一条小支流。在马街水文站集水面积278km2,干流长度28.6km,流域平均比降18.5‰,流域平均宽度9.86km,河床系粗砂粘土、块石组成。山区性地貌,土壤构成：上游黄土,中下游大黄土,植被占20%。北峪河虽然在甘肃省地形图上找都找不到,但北峪河流域暴雨产生的洪水泥石流对武都城防及沿途人民生命财产造成严重威胁。 2 洪水及含沙量特点分析 北峪河平时流量不到1m3/s,暴雨季节,由于流域面积小,形状近似方形,流域坡度陡,植被差,下垫面下渗能力差等原因。大暴雨时…     

从水土保持到全球气候变化:中国黄土研究70年

 中国黄土独特的地层构造一直吸引着不同领域学者的注意。1949年后，黄土研究进入一个全新而系统的阶段。根据大量黄土研究材料，梳理了黄土研究在中国的发展脉络，总结了70年来黄土研究的重要成果。20世纪50-60年代的黄土普查获得了大量关于黄土地区的一手材料，陆续出版有重要影响力的黄土阶段性研究成果；20世纪70年代后，随着新技术与新方法的运用，黄土研究在内容与精度上不断得以丰富与完善；20世纪80年代至今，黄土高原水土流失综合治理研究取得诸多成果，更为重要的是，黄土地层记录的古气候密码逐渐被破解，成为理解全球气候变化的关键因素。在几代学者的共同努力下，中国黄土研究处于世界先进水平。     

全球变化研究中的同位素地球化学

全球变化研究是90年代以来最为引人注目和关切的环境科学问题之一。全球环境变化的信息储存于树轮、湖泊、冰芯、黄土、地下水和海洋沉积物等载体中,随着稳定同位素技术的发展,同位素示踪剂指示环境变化的信息,成为了解古环境再造和现代环境信息变化的一个强有力的工具。     

Vegetation evolution and millennial-scale climatic fluctuations since Last Glacial Maximum in pollen record from northern South China Sea

A large number of paleoclimate records reveal subMilankovitch climatic fluctuations on the millennial-scalesuperimposing on the Earth orbital cycles[1], such as theHeinrich ice draft events in the Atlantic (each intervalabout 7000–10000 a)[2,3], the Dansgaard/Oeschger (D-O)events (millennial-scale) in Greenland Ice Cores and theBond cycle composed of a Heinrcih event after severalD-O events[4]. At present, most recent work on millennial-scale climatic fluctuations focuses on the high lat…     

印度洋赤道海岭钙质软泥天然热释光变化特征与冰川旋回关系

赤道东经90°海岭的MD81349活塞柱状岩芯包含300ka以来类型丰富的环境变化信息.作者应用天然热释光技术对岩芯的全样沉积物和浮游有孔虫壳体进行分析测定,首次得到与氧同位素分期呈良好对应关系的天然热释光变化曲线.实验数据表明,天然热释光的高强度区和低强度分别能够指示间冰期与冰期.初步分析显示,天然热释光强度变化在一定程度上与碳酸钙含量无关;在远洋型抱球虫软泥物质组成基本一致的情况下,其变化特征极有可能受到不同气候条件下形成的有孔虫壳体的晶体类型、晶格缺陷形式、杂质元素的控制.     

Modelled atmospheric temperatures and global sea levels over the past million years

Marine records of sediment oxygen isotope compositions show that the Earth's climate has gone through a succession of glacial and interglacial periods during the past million years. But the interpretation of the oxygen isotope records is complicated because both isotope storage in ice sheets and deep-water temperature affect the recorded isotopic composition. Separating these two effects would require long records of either sea level or deep-ocean temperature, which are currently not available. Here we use a coupled model of the Northern Hemisphere ice sheets and ocean temperatures, forced to match an oxygen isotope record for the past million years compiled from 57 globally distributed sediment cores, to quantify both contributions simultaneously. We find that the ice-sheet contribution to the variability in oxygen isotope composition varied from ten per cent in the beginning of glacial periods to sixty per cent at glacial maxima, suggesting that strong ocean cooling preceded slow ice-sheet build-up. The model yields mutually consistent time series of continental mean surface temperatures between 40 and 80 degrees N, ice volume and global sea level. We find that during extreme glacial stages, air temperatures were 17 +/- 1.8 degrees C lower than present, with a 120 +/- 10 m sea level equivalent of continental ice present.     

Relations between sedimentary sequence and paleoclimatic changes during last 200 ka in the southern South China Sea

Core NS-93-5 was taken from the mild slope terrace of the southern South China Sea (SCS), which has preserved the steadiness depositional record of the normal marine environment since late Quaternary. Sedimentary sequence and oxygen isotopic stratigraphy of high resolution in the near 200 ka of the southern SCS has been established. By the comparative analysis with GISP2's ice core, the depositional record of D/O's events 1-21 and Heinrich's events H1-H6 in the southern SCS that reflected the quick climate change in short time scale since the last interglacial stage is revealed, which indicates that in the last 200 ka in the southern SCS and the Arctic area there was tele-connection of paleoclimate and the unstability of the Western Pacific Warm Pool. This note shows that the sedimentary layers order of this sea area classified by color identification and by oxygen isotope stratum has the very good corresponding relation. The color feature of sediment changes along with the climate and the former arranges a stagnant time of 1-1.5 ka generally. It was suggested that the paleoclimatic changes resulted in the rise and fall of sea level, the open and close of strait thoroughfare and the upwelling activity, which causes the changes of the oxidation-reduction condition of deep water along with the dynamic environment in this sea area, thus producing the different sediment features of sea bed. In addition, a volcanic ash layer, about 17 cm thick, has been found in the transition of oxygen isotope 4/5 stage, which is related with the Toba's volcanic eruption.     

New views on age of the Salawusu Formation of Late Pleistocene in northern China

The Salawusu Formation in the Salawusu River basin of Inner Mongolia is a typical sequence of the Upper Pleistocene in northern China. However, there have been some different views about the division and age of stratigraphic facies since the establishment of the Salawusu Formation. According to the stratigraphic subdivision and dating of the Dishaogouwan section, it is thought that the fluviolacustrine-aeolian sand sequence from the Dishaogouwan section can be compared with loess, deep-sea deposit records and climatic fluctuations of glacial period. The Salawusu Formation of fluviolacustrine facies was formed in the last interglacial period from 140 to 70 ka BP, roughly corresponding to the fifth stage of deep-sea oxygen isotope, and developed in the same period as the palaeosol S1 on the Loess Plateau; the aeolian sand of the Chengchuan Formation was formed in the last glacial period from 70 to 10 ka BP, constituting the heteropic geological body along with the Malan Loess on the Loess Plateau; the fluviolacustrine deposit and black soil of the Dagouwan Formation and the Dishaogouwan Formation was formed in the Holocene warm period from 9 700 to 3 000 a BP, or developed in the same period as the plaeosol B1 on the Loess Plateau.     

Magnetostratigraphy of borehole EY02-2 in the southern Yellow Sea and its paleoenvironmental significance

Various media are used for the study of paleoenvi- ronment. Among them, ice-core, loess and marine sediments are the most important for long time re- cording[1]. In all kinds of researches of paleoenviron- ment, age determination of the sediments is the m…     

Relationship between calcium and atmospheric dust recorded in Guliya ice core

By the analyses of Guliya ice core on the Tibetan Plateau, it was found that the calcium (Ca^2 ) originated from the terrestrial source is the main cation of soluble aerosol and a good proxy of the atmospheric component and environment in the mountain ice core located in the mid-low latitude arid regions. Evident variation of Ca^2 concentration has been found in the Guliya ice core since the Last lnterglaciation with two relatively strong increase periods and two weak increase periods. These variations are generally related to climatic changes: high Ca^2 concentration periods coincide with cold periods and low Ca^2 concentration periods coincide with warm periods. However, Ca^2 concentration does not always decrease (increase) with climate warming (cooling). The magnitude and phase of Ca^2 concentration does not always match temperature either. The changes of atmospheric circulation, land surface condition and atmospheric humidity might be important factors which influence Ca^2 concentration besides temperature.     

Sea-level fluctuations during the last glacial cycle

The last glacial cycle was characterized by substantial millennial-scale climate fluctuations, but the extent of any associated changes in global sea level (or, equivalently, ice volume) remains elusive. Highstands of sea level can be reconstructed from dated fossil coral reef terraces, and these data are complemented by a compilation of global sea-level estimates based on deep-sea oxygen isotope ratios at millennial-scale resolution or higher. Records based on oxygen isotopes, however, contain uncertainties in the range of +/-30 m, or +/-1 degrees C in deep sea temperature. Here we analyse oxygen isotope records from Red Sea sediment cores to reconstruct the history of water residence times in the Red Sea. We then use a hydraulic model of the water exchange between the Red Sea and the world ocean to derive the sill depth-and hence global sea level-over the past 470,000 years (470 kyr). Our reconstruction is accurate to within +/-12 m, and gives a centennial-scale resolution from 70 to 25 kyr before present. We find that sea-level changes of up to 35 m, at rates of up to 2 cm yr(-1), occurred, coincident with abrupt changes in climate.     

Constraints on hydrothermal processes and water exchange in Lake Vostok from helium isotopes

Lake Vostok, the largest subglacial lake in Antarctica, is covered by the East Antarctic ice sheet, which varies in thickness between 3,750 and 4,100 m (ref. 1). At a depth of 3,539 m in the drill hole at Vostok station, sharp changes in stable isotopes and the gas content of the ice delineate the boundary between glacier ice and ice accreted through re-freezing of lake water. Unlike most gases, helium can be incorporated into the crystal structure of ice during freezing, making helium isotopes in the accreted ice a valuable source of information on lake environment. Here we present helium isotope measurements from the deep section of the Vostok ice core that encompasses the boundary between the glacier ice and accreted ice, showing that the accreted ice is enriched by a helium source with a radiogenic isotope signature typical of an old continental province. This result rules out any significant hydrothermal energy input into the lake from high-enthalpy mantle processes, which would be expected to produce a much higher 3He/4He ratio. Based on the average helium flux for continental areas, the helium budget of the lake leads to a renewal time of the lake of the order of 5,000 years.