糠醛在碳纳米管修饰电极上的电化学行为

采用N,N-二甲基甲酰胺分散碳纳米管（CNT）,制备碳纳米管修饰玻碳电极．运用循环伏安法和Tafel曲线法,研究了糠醛在碳纳米管修饰玻碳电极上的电化学行为．实验结果表明：在浓度为0．1mol／L的磷酸盐缓冲溶液（pH6．8）中,碳纳米管修饰电极对糠醛具有良好的催化作用．在扫速为50-1000mV／s的范围内,糠醛的还原峰电流与扫速的平方根成良好的线性关系,表明糠醛在碳纳米管修饰电极上的氧化还原过程是受扩散控制的．在pH值为4-10的范围内,随着pH值的增大,糠醛的还原峰电位逐渐负移．通过Tafel曲线、峰电位与pH值的线性关系,计算得到电化学过程中参加反应的电子数为2,质子数为1,电极反应的电子转移系数为0．644．     

不对称草酰胺镍配合物修饰电极的制备及其对甲醛的电催化研究

研究了不对称配体氮苯甲酸氮乙二胺草酰胺镍配合物修饰电极的制备 ,用循环伏安法探讨了该修饰膜的电化学性质及其对甲醛的电催化氧化。在 0 .1mol·L-1NaOH溶液中 ,膜的循环伏安图在 0 .4V和 0 .3V处有一对准可逆的氧化还原峰 ,对应着Ni(Ⅱ ) /Ni(Ⅲ )的氧化还原反应过程 ,属一电子过程 ,实验结果还表明电荷在膜中的传递为扩散控制。实验测定了在 0 .1mol·L-1NaOH中 3种不同厚度修饰膜电极、扫速在 10～ 40 0mV/s范围内氧化还原峰的特征。当配合物表面含量是 9.4× 10 -10 mol·cm-2 时 ,膜中电荷的扩散系数Dct是 1.1× 10 -12 cm2 ·s-1。该修饰膜对甲醛有良好的电催化作用且稳定性高 ,连续催化 2h以上峰电流才开始下降。常温下将修饰电极置于空气中放置 10d其催化性能也不发生变化     

姜黄素在玻碳电极上的电化学行为研究

应用循环伏安法研究了姜黄素在磷酸缓冲溶液中破碳电极上的电化学行为及反应机理.结果表明:姜黄素在玻碳电极上存在明显的吸附现象,在5.0×10-7～2.5 × 10-6mol/L范围内其浓度与峰电流具有良好的线性关系.在低扫速(≤0.05V/s)时峰电位差Epa-Epc=60(mV),峰电流比Ipa∶Ipc≈1,表明姜黄素在玻碳电极上为单电子转移的准可逆电极反应过程(n=1),且峰电位与扫速无关.增大扫速,阳极蜂发生分裂,氧化产物出现两种构型.     

血红蛋白在戊二醛膜修饰金电极上的直接电化学行为及其与氨茶碱的相互作用

用直接滴涂法将血红蛋白（Hb）固定到戊二醛（GA）膜修饰的金电极表面,通过循环伏安法研究了Hb在GA膜修饰金电极上的直接电化学行为.在0.1 mol/L磷酸盐缓冲溶液（PBS,pH 6.00）中,扫描速度为100mV/s时,该修饰电极的峰电位差ΔE=44 mV,氧化还原峰电流之比Ip,a/Ip,c=1.17,说明Hb在GA膜修饰电极上的氧化还原过程是可逆过程;随着缓冲溶液pH值的增大,其峰电位不变,而峰电流呈增大（pH=4.00～6.00）或减小（pH=6.00～8.00）的趋势.通过GA膜对Hb的吸附固定,不仅保持了Hb的生物活性,而且实现了Hb与电极之间的直接电子转移.利用此修饰电极,研究了Hb与药物氨茶碱之间的相互作用,求得Hb和氨茶碱的结合数为2.     

四酰氨基大环铁配合物在水/有机混合溶液中的电化学性质

用海藻酸钠(Sodium Alginate, SA)将四酰胺基大环铁配合物(FeⅢ-TAML)固定在热解石墨电极表面,制成 FeⅢ-TAML/SA 膜修饰电极.交流阻抗结果显示FeⅢ-TAML可以很好的固定在SA膜中.包埋在SA膜中的FeⅢ-TAML在磷酸盐缓冲溶液(PBS)和乙醇混合溶液中与电极直接传递电子,得到一对基于Fe(Ⅲ)/Fe(Ⅱ)电对的氧化还原峰,其峰为-0.085 V 和 0.001 V(V vs SCE). 研究了扫速及电解质pH值对FeⅢ-TAML的影响,其电化学反应是受表面控制的电极过程,其电势随着PBSpH值的增加而负移且成线性关系,直线斜率为-49.86 mV·pH–1,说明 FeⅢ-TAML的电子传递过程中伴有质子转移.     

对乙酰氨基酚在石墨烯修饰离子液体碳糊电极上的电化学行为及其测定

目的将离子液体(N-己基吡啶六氟磷酸盐,[HPy][PF_6])与石墨粉混合,制备离子液体碳糊电极(CILE);再将石墨烯溶液(GR)滴涂在CILE表面,制备石墨烯修饰离子液体碳糊电极(GR/CILE)。建立GR/CILE测定对乙酰氨基酚的电化学方法。方法采用循环伏安法对比研究对乙酰氨基酚在CILE和GR/CILE上的电化学和电催化行为,采用微分脉冲伏安法建立GR/CILE测定对乙酰氨基酚含量的新方法。结果 GR/CILE对对乙酰氨基酚的氧化还原具有明显的电催化作用;在0.1V·s~(-1)扫速下,对乙酰氨基酚的氧化还原峰电位差(ΔE_P)为87mV;在1.0×10~(-6)~5.0×10~(-4) mol·L~(-1)范围内,其氧化峰电流与浓度之间呈良好线性(r=0.995 6),检出限为3.0×10~(-7) mol·L~(-1)(S/N=3)。结论该GR/CILE修饰电极成功用于片剂中对乙酰氨基酚含量的测定,且其电子转移速率和灵敏度优于CILE电极。     

辣根过氧化物酶修饰电极的电化学研究

制备了考马斯亮蓝和多壁碳纳米管混合物修饰玻碳电极（CBB G-250/MWNT/GC）,考察了固定在该修饰电极上的辣根过氧化物酶的电子转移情况。结果表明,辣根过氧化物酶在该电极上实现了稳定的直接电子转移反应,循环伏安图上出现了一对对称性良好的氧化还原峰。直接电子转移反应的表观速率常数k_s=4.68s^-1,式量电位E^0′几乎不随扫速（至少在20～270mV/s的扫速范围内）而变化,平均值为（-0.333±0.002）V（参比Ag/AgCl pH 7.0）。式量电位和pH的良好的线性关系表明该修饰电极上辣根过氧化物酶的直接电化学反应是有质子参与的。实验结果还证实了该修饰电极上酶对底物H₂O₂有良好的电催化活性。该方法可为生物传感器和生物燃料电池酶电极的制备提供基础数据。     

固定化蛋白质在沸石和介孔分子筛上的直接电子转移及生物传感

氧化还原蛋白质和电极之间的直接电子转移在理论和实验上都具有重要的意义.通过对蛋白质和电极的修饰能够促进它们之间的直接电子转移.蛋白质与电极表面直接接触易导致蛋白质变性,在电极表面固定沸石或介孔分子筛可为氧化还原蛋白质提供一个类似于天然状态的微环境,通过分子筛的传输通道加速直接电子转移.本文主要介绍在沸石和介孔分子筛上固定化的蛋白质的电子转移和生物传感,并重点评述这些方面的研究进展、遇到的挑战及发展趋势.     

在Co2+注入修饰电极上米托蒽醌的电化学行为及其应用

米托蒽醌(MX)在0.005mol*L-1 Tris-0.05mol*L-1 NaCl (pH7.1)缓冲溶液中, 在Co离子注入玻碳修饰电极(Co/GCE)上,有一灵敏的伏安还原峰,峰电位为-0.68V,峰电流与MX的浓度在1.8×10-7～9.0×10-6 mol*L-1 间呈线性关系,检出限为9.0×10-8 mol*L-1.将该法用于病人尿样的测定,回收率为94.6%～105.7%. 用线性扫描和循环伏安法研究该体系的电化学行为和电催化.实验表明,体系为不可逆过程.Co/GCE上的电流比GC电极的大,扫速对催化效率的影响实验证明,存在着催化作用.X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和俄歇电子能谱(AES)实验表明,Co确实被注入在GC表面,注入的Co催化了MX的还原.     

CNT/FeNi复合纳米材料的制备及其电化学性能

以碳纳米管为模板合成CNT/FeNi复合纳米材料,用X-射线粉末衍射(XRD)和透射电镜(TEM)对CNT/FeNi复合纳米材料的物相和形貌进行表征,用循环伏安法研究了CNT/FeNi复合纳米材料的电化学过程.结果表明:其电化学过程为电化学步骤控制的不可逆过程;随着pH增大,还原峰的峰电位发生负移,峰电流增大,质子参加电极过程且参加反应的质子数与转移的电子数之比为 0.5 .     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that