替代工质R152a与R22／R152a的溶油性研究

针对替代工质Ｒ１５２ａ和Ｒ２２／Ｒ１５２ａ与冷冻机润滑油的相溶性问题进行了实验研究；建立了一个油与制冷剂的相溶性实验台，并分别对３种成分的Ｒ２２／Ｒ１５２ａ及纯质Ｒ２２和Ｒ１５２ａ与４种不同类型的润滑油进行了实验测试，测试的温度范围为－３５￣８０℃，获得了各制冷剂与各种油的临界溶解温度的图表，并记录了不同温度下的相溶现象，这些结果为进一步开发和选择与Ｒ２２／Ｒ１５２ａ相适应的冷冻润滑油提供了实验依     

非共沸混合工质R22／R152a水平单管外凝结换热的实验研究

在系统温度为３０℃时，对纯工质Ｒ１２、Ｒ１５２ａ及五种Ｒ２２组分浓度配比下Ｒ２２／Ｒ１５２ａ非共沸混合工质，在水平单管外凝结换热特性进行实验研究。实验结果表明：（１）在五种Ｒ２２组分浓度配比下Ｒ２２／Ｒ１５２ａ混合工质的管外凝结换热系数均低于纯质Ｒ１５２ａ，但高于纯质Ｒ１２；（２）对于光管，Ｒ２２／Ｒ１５２ａ管外凝结换热系数是纯质Ｒ１２的１．３４￣１．４３倍。低助管为１．１５￣１．３５倍、双侧强化     

新工质R134a在水平强化管外的池沸腾换热

对新型替代工质Ｒ１３４ａ在水平强化管外的核态池沸腾换热进行了实验研究．查明了热流密度、蒸发压力和沸腾换热系数的关系,拟合了适合于本强化管的沸腾换热系数计算式．并对Ｒ２２和Ｒ１３４ａ在强化管外池沸腾换热的特性进行了对比．     

双元工质喷射制冷循环

对双元非共沸工质喷射制冷循环做了可行性分析，利用ＰＲ方程对两种双元工质ＲＣ３１８／Ｒ１２３和ＲＣ３１８／Ｒ１４１ｂ进行了热力循环计算，对双元工质ＲＣ３１８／Ｒ１４１ｂ进行了喷冷循环实验，并与单元工程质Ｒ１４１进行了对比。理论分析和实验数据表明，通过选择合适的双元工质，在喷冷系统中不但可以提高其制冷品质，亦能同时提高制冷循环的能效比。     

机械压缩热泵的热力学分析和工质的操作性能比较

本文对机械压缩热泵两种工质（Ｒ２２、Ｒ１３４ａ）的操作性能进行了热力学分析和比较,探讨了影响热泵循环效率的因素．结果表明,在使用Ｒ１３４ａ作制冷剂时,其质量流量和能量消耗都较Ｒ２２低,而操作性能和循环效率都较Ｒ２２高．这对降低热泵的能量消耗,提高热泵的效率有一定的指导意义．     

非共沸混合工质通过毛细管时亚稳态流特性的试验研究

本文报导了对非共沸混合制冷剂Ｒ２２／Ｒ１４２ｂ在毛细管内流动过程中亚稳态流特性的试验研究．试验测取了在不同的流动工况和不同的工质混合比下的温度和压力沿毛细管长度的分布，通过工质混合法则求取了各测点的热物性参数，再由图示法确定亚稳态流的定量规律．试验结果表明，在采用非共沸混合工质时，毛细管内仍然存在着亚稳态流现象，同时，指出了对非共沸混合工质在毛细管内汽化过程中的亚稳态流现象进行理论分析的必要性．     

新制冷工质冰箱性能试验研究

Ｒ１２是家电冰箱的传统工质,由于它对环境的危害,国内外科技界正努力开展无污染新制冷工质的研究。本文通过对Ｒ１５２ａ进行的冰箱性能对比试验表明Ｒ１５２ａ是Ｒ１２最有希望的替代工质之一。     

几种R12代用工质的热力学性质与理论制冷循环性能

对几种纯质和两个二元物系Ｒ２２／Ｒ１４２ｂ，Ｒ２２／Ｒ１５２ａ进行了以ＰＶＴｘ实验数据和改进型ＣＳＤ状态为基础的热力学性质计算和理论制冷循环分析。结果表明，Ｒ１２２／Ｒ１４２ｂ为近理想溶液，Ｒ２２／Ｒ１５２ａ为近共沸溶液，纯质及Ｒ２２／Ｒ１４２ｂ物系的理论制冷循环性能与Ｒ１２相比互有优缺，而Ｒ２２／Ｒ１５２ａ物系的主要性能指标超出Ｒ１２。     

非共沸混合工质膜状凝结小温差工况的研究

针对非共沸混合工质大空间膜状凝结小温差工况建立了一种新的解析模型，并以Ｒ２２／Ｒ１４２ｂ水平管外凝结为对象进行分析求解，理论计算重现了实验研究中出现的某些小温差工况下凝结换热恶化异常严重的现象，经过分析提出：“在混合蒸汽沿凝结物面方向的运动可以忽略的场合，非共沸混合工质凝结换热所需的最小温差等于此混合工质在相应组分浓度下的露泡点温差”的观点。     

用HFC 32／HFC 125／HFC 134a替代HCFC 22的理论计算与分析

选用ＣＳＤ状态方程、合适的混合法则及其相互作用系数，对替代ＨＣＦＣ－２２的三元混合工质ＨＦＣ－３２／ＨＦＣ－１２５／ＨＦＣ－１３４ａ进行了热力性质计算误差分析表明计算结果达到一定的精度，在此基础上进行了理论循环计算、分析和比较．所有计算均编制程序在计算机上进行     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that