Rapid Amplification of 5‘ cDNA End of S.Liaotungensis Choline Monooxygenase Using Inverse PCR RACE

Based on part of a known cDNA sequence of Suaeda Liaotungensis choline monooxygenase the author successfully cloned the 5‘ cDNA end of Suaeda Lianotungensis choline monooxygenase using Inverse PCR RACE with a specially designed 5‘-phosphated RT primer and two pairs of specific inverse PCR primers.Compared with the anchored PCR RACE,inverse PCR RACE has bettter specificity and higher amplification.     

Molecular cloning and expression of interleukin Ibeta (IL-1β) from red seabream (Pagrus major)

The interleukin 1β (IL-1β) cDNA was cloned from the red seabream (Pagrus major) by homology cloning strategy. A cDNA fragment was amplified by PCR using two degenerated primers, which were designed according to the conserved regions of other known IL-1β sequences, and elongated by 3' ends and 5' ends RACE PCR to get the full length coding sequence of red seabream IL-1β (RS IL-1β). The sequence contained 1252 nucleotides that included a 5' untranslated region (UTR) of 84bp, a 3' UTR of 410 bp and an open reading frame (ORF) of 759 nucleotides which could be translated into a putative peptide of 253 amino acids with molecular weight of 28.6 kD and putative isoelectric point pI of 5.29. The deduced peptide contained two potential N-glycosylation sites and an identifiable IL1 family signature, but lacked the signal peptide and the clear ICE cut site, which were common in other nonmammalian IL-1β genes. The RS IL-1β had the highest homology with piscine IL-1β according to phylogenetic tree analysis.     

Ribozyme probe based on molecular beacon for real time monitoring of enzymatic cleavage process

Ribozyme probe based on molecular beacon (MBR) for monitoring enzymatic cleavage process in real time is designed and studied. The approach relies on ribozyme substrates modified at the two arms, with a fluorescent moiety attached to the end of one arm and a non-fluorescent quenching moiety attached to the end of the other arm. MBR is employed to directly convert the cleavage information into fluorescence signal in real time. Compared with traditional approach, this method provides a no-radiolabeling, sensitive and effective way to research on the ribozyme activity, enzymatic dynamic process and ribozyme function during gene therapy. The activity of the ribozyme against hepatitis C virus RNA (HCV-RNA) is studled based on this assay.     

Analysis of cDNA sequence, protein structure and expression of parotid secretory protein in pig

Parotid secretory protein (PSP) secreted abundantly in saliva, whose function is related with the anti-bacterial effect. The PSP cDNA has been isolated from pig parotid glands by 3′ and 5′ rapid amplification of cDNA end (RACE), based on the conserved signal peptide region among the known mammalian PSP. The result of homologous comparison shows that pig PSP and human PSP shares the high identity at the level of the primary, secondary and tertiary protein structure. A search for functionally significant protein motifs revealed a unique amino acid sequence pattern consisting of the residues Leu-X(6)-Leu-X(6)-Leu-X(7)-Leu-X(6)-Leu-X(6)-Leu near the amino-terminal portion of the protein, which is important to its function. RT-PCR, Dot blot and Northern blot analysis demonstrated that PSP was strongly expressed in parotid glands, but not in other tissues.     

Construction and characterization of a normalized whole-life-cycle cDNA library of rice

A cDNA library with genomic complete coverage is a powerful tool for functional genomic studies.For studying the functions of rice genes on a large scale,a normalized whole-life-cycle cDNA library is constructed based on the strategy of saturation hybridization with genomic DNA using rice cultivar Minghui 63,an elite restorer line for a number of rice hybrids that are widely cultivated in China,This library consists of cDNA from 15 directionally cloned cDNA libraries constructed with different tissues from 9 developmental stages.For normalization,the denatured plasmids purified from the 15 directionally cloned libraries are mixed and hybridized with saturated genomic DNA labeled with magnetic beads in two complementary systems. Well-matched plasmids are captured from the hybridized genomic DNA and electroporated into competent DH10B E. coli for construction of the normalized whole-life-cycle cDNA library.This library consists of 62000 clones with an average insert length about 1.4kb.Inverse Northern blotting shows that this cDNA library included many rarely expressed genes and tissue-specific genes.Sequencing of 10750 cDNA clones of this library reveals 6399 unique EST s(expressed sequence tags),indicating that the non-redundancy of the library is about 59.5%.This library has been used to make cDNA microarrays for functional genomic studies.     

Cloning and sequence analysis of a gene encoding polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein from cotton

Polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins (PGIP) play important roles in plant defense of pathogen, especially fungi. A pair of degenerated primers is designed based on the conserved sequence of 20 other known pgip genes and used to amplify Gossypium barbadense cultivation 7124 cDNA library by touch-down PCR. A 561 bp internal fragment of the pgip gene is obtained and used to design the primers for rapid amplification of cDNA ends. A composite pgip gene sequence is constructed from the products of 5′ and 3′ RACE, which are 666 bp and 906 bp respectively. Analysis of nucleic acid sequence shows 69.2% and 68.7% similarity to Citrus and Poncirus pgip genes, respectively. Its open reading frame of the gene encodes a polypeptide of 330 amino acids, in which 10 leucine-rich repeats arrange tandemly. A new set of primers is designed to the 5′ and 3′ ends of the gene, which allows amplification of the full-length gene from the cotton cDNA library. Genomic DNA analysis reveals that this gene has no intron.     

Symmetrical directional cloning: An efficient method to prepare hairpin RNA interference constructs

RNA interference (RNAi) is a loss-of-function approach by which double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) initiates degradation of homologous mRNAs in a sequence specific manner. The dsRNA molecules can be produced in vitro or in vivo, and can be introduced to cells in a number of ways. Here we report a more efficient method for the cloning of inverted repeat DNA fragments into expression vectors that can be transcribed into effective dsRNA molecules in vivo or in vitro. This method, named Symmetrical Directional Cloning (SDC), takes the advantage of compatible non-palindromic restriction enezyme sites, which allow one to directionally clone a single PCR product in both the sense and antisense orientations together into a vector. SDC allows for the directional cloning of inverted repeats using a single PCR product; it requires only one cut site on each side of the loop. Hence this method is more cost effective and less time-consuming. At least 21 commercially available restriction endonucleases can be used as cloning sites for the SDC method. The efficacy of dsRNA expression vectors prepared by SDC has been demonstrated by targeting a negative regulator of the signaling pathway mediating the response of cells to phytohormone, gibberellins (GA), in the aleurone cells.     

Elastic-Plastic Behavior and Failure Analysis of Pipe-on-Pipe Impact

The elastic-plastic behavior and failure of pipe-on-pipe impact(p-o-p-i)problem is studied through analytical model and numerical simulation in this paper.The impact of a whipping pipe with one end hinged and the other end free on a simply-supported target pipe at its midpoint is considered.The analytical model based on tubular beam theory is proposed in the study of the deformation and plastic collapse behavior of pipes impacted on different positions and therefore to obtain the various failure modes depending on the material and structural parameters of the pipes.Numerical simulations using the finite element code MSC-Marc are performed and the results are coincident with the theoretical predictions.     

Rank sum method for related gene selection and its application to tumor diagnosis

Tumor diagnosis by analyzing gene expression profiles becomes an interesting topic in bioinformatics and the main problem is to identify the genes related to a tumor. This paper proposes a rank sum method to identify the related genes based on the rank sum test theory in statistics. The tumor diagnosis system is constructed by the support vector machine (SVM) trained on the set of the related gene expression profiles. The experiments demonstrate that the constructed tumor diagnosis system with the rank sum method and SVM can reach an accuracy level of 96.2% on the colon data and 100% on the leukemia data.     

Rapid Amplification of 5′ cDNA End of S. Liaotungensis Choline Monooxygenase Using Inverse PCR RACE

Based on part of a known cDNA sequence of Suaeda Liaotungensis choline monooxygenase, the authors successfully cloned the 5′ cDNA end of Suaeda Lianotungensis choline monooxygenase using Inverse PCR RACE with a specially designed 5′-phosphated RT primer and two pairs of specific inverse PCR primers. Compared with the anchored PCR RACE, inverse PCR RACE has better specificity and higher amplification.     

Isolation and Characterization of Phytoene Desaturase cDNA from Stigma of Crocus sativus

Phytoene desatumse (PDS) has recently been identified as an important enzyme in carotenoid biosynthesis pathway. A cDNA clone encoding phytoene desaturase gene is isolated from stigma of saffron (Crocus sativus L. ) using RT-PCR technique. Sequence analysis shows 85% similarity to Narcissus pseudonarcissus, 79% to Zea mays, 78% to Arabidopsis thaliana, 77% to Lycopersicon esculentum. A new full-length cDNA is obtained by 5 ‘-RACE and 3‘ -RACE techniques. The cDNA is 2149bp long with an open reading frame of 1697bp, which encodes a polypeptide of 565 amino acids. Southern analy-sis shows that the PDS gene is a single copy in saffron. Northern blot analysis shows higher expression level of PDS gene in stigma and anther than in leaves and stem.     

Cloning and characterization of vernalization-related gene (ver203F) cDNA 3' end

Based on the cDNA fragment sequence of vernalization-related gene verc203 cloned by differential screening in our lab, the 5' primer has been designed. The cDNA 3' end of ver203 gene (1 197 bp) has been cloned by the RACE method. And it is identified by Northern blotting that its expression is special in vernalization treatment. After comparing the sequence in the nucleotide sequence databases of Genbank, EMBL and DDBJ, the gene has homology with Hordeum vulgare jesmonate-induced protein gene. It is suggested that this gene might be related to the signal transduction mediated by jamonate.     

甘薯类胡萝卜素合成酶基因pds全长cDNA的克隆

根据双子叶植物类胡萝卜素合成结构基因氨基酸保守区域设计简并引物,扩增出甘薯编码类胡萝卜素合成关键酶PDS的基因(pds)cDNA中间片断。通过5'-RACE和3'-RACE技术进行cDNA末端的快速扩增,成功地克隆了pds的全长cDNA。序列分析表明,pds基因的全长cDNA序列长度为2128 bp,编码572个氨基酸,与其他植物的序列高度同源。     

杨树抗杨四瘿螨相关基因的表达分析

采用抑制性消减杂交(suppression subtractive hybridization,SSH)技术,在构建杨四瘿螨诱导差异表达的抑制消减cDNA文库的基础上,通过RTPCR技术对候选基因进行了验证,其中有6条差异表达候选基因在4个时间点表达量有明显的增强。运用RACE(Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends)技术克隆获得了一段全长2 053 bp的cDNA克隆,命名为PtWRKY,编码588个氨基酸。     

盐生杜氏藻Ugd基因的cDNA克隆及序列分析

作者对不同物种Ugd基因的同源序列进行相似性分析后设计一对兼并引物，利用RTPCR技术获得一条200bp左右的片段，测序分析显示其同芋头(Colocasia esculenta)的Ugd基因的编码区有71．7％的相似性．然后再以此片段为模板设计引物，通过RACE技术获得盐生杜氏藻Ugd基因的全长序列．经克隆测序作blastx分析发现其同芋头(Colocasia esculenta)、大豆(Soybean)、水稻(Oryza sativa)、拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)的Ugd基因有78％到81％的同源性．     

PCR法快速鉴定阳性克隆实验的改进

分析了常规PCR扩增鉴定阳性克隆实验中存在的问题,进行了改进探索:反转录PCR(RT-PCR)获得目的基因片段,TA克隆连接质粒载体、转化大肠杆菌感受态细胞;利用目的基因的特异性引物,用菌液PCR法直接筛选重组克隆,在筛选的阳性菌液中扩增到与目的基因片段大小一致的阳性条带,与质粒PCR及酶切的阳性对照一致,验证了菌液PCR具有可靠性。实验证明,自身引物菌液PCR法用于定性筛选重组阳性克隆,是一种简便、快速、有效的方法。     

佛手GRAS基因的克隆及表达分析

利用抑制消减杂交法从芸香科柑橘属不耐寒植物佛手中分离得到了一个表达序列标签(EST)片段,结合RACE技术克隆获得该基因的1 669 bp序列,编码区长1 236 bp,编码413个氨基酸.通过Blastn同源序列比对分析,结果显示该基因与拟南芥已知的GRAS基因同源性较高;与GenBank数据库比对分析,表明该基因具有GRAS特有的保守结构域.因此,命名该基因为:CmsGRAS(GenBank登录号:JF440647).用荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(qPCR)的方法研究了该基因在低温胁迫处理下的表达特性,结果显示该基因在低温胁迫后的表达量有明显的变化.     

扩展青霉碱性脂肪酶cDNA的克隆和表达

采用TRIzol试剂一步法所抽提的总RNA的D（260）／D（280）值为1.82,甲醛变性电泳呈现真核微生物所特有的28S rRNA和18S rRNA条带。根据扩展青霉所产碱性脂肪酶（Lip PE)N末端20个氨基酸残基序列和真核生物mRNA3‘端具有poly(A)等所提供的生物信息,采用RT－PCR技术和3‘－RACE法扩增了Lip PE成熟肽编码区和3‘非编码区的cDNA,直接将该PCR产物克隆至pUCm-T载体中。序列分析表明,该碱性脂肪酶含有258个氨基酸,其中保守的五肽序列为Gly-His-Ser-Leu-Gly。进一步采用Clot Tech公司的SMART^TM PCR cDNA文库构建试剂盒,扩增、克隆和测定了自转录起始点至编码区的cDNA片段,从而完成了Lip EP完整cDNA的分析测定。最后将编码完整脂肪酶蛋白的cDNA克隆至pGEX-5X-3表达载体中,在大肠杆菌BL21中进行IPTG诱导表达,SDS－PAGE检测结果表明,所表达的GST－Lip EP融合蛋白分子质量约为53ku;免疫印迹（Western Blotting)技术证明了所克隆的cDNA确为编码扩展青霉WMC20718脂肪酶的基因。