配副体积比对干滑动摩擦学特性与表面形貌的影响

由于摩擦热介入摩擦过程 ,金属干摩擦副双方的相对体积比影响材料的干摩擦磨损性能。试验结果表明 :在铸铁 /40Cr钢干滑动摩擦配副中 ,随着盘 /销体积的增大 ,配副的摩擦因数降低 ,磨损率增大 ;不同配副体积比条件下的摩擦表面具有不同的形貌特征 ,高的盘 /销体积比具有犁沟型表面形貌。这种形貌不利于摩擦热从摩擦表面的有效导出 ,从而使摩擦表面具有更高的温度 ;在实际运行条件下 ,对火车闸瓦的磨损速率检测也证明 :配副体积比对闸瓦磨损速率的影响与销盘试验所得研究结果具有相同的规律     

基于乳化液的ZCuPb20Sn5和ZL108摩擦磨损特性研究

为了考察ZCuPb20Sn5和ZL108在乳化液润滑条件下的摩擦磨损性能,在MMW -1摩擦磨损试验机上对两种材料进行了销盘摩擦副和止推圈摩擦副的试验研究,得出了在不同载荷和转速下,两种材料的磨损量、磨损率、摩擦力及摩擦系数等实验结果,采用MATLAB三次样条拟合工具分别得出了摩擦系数和磨损率与载荷和速度之间的关系曲线...     

Si3N4与Si3N4-hBN陶瓷配副在水润滑下的摩擦化学行为

利用MMU-5G销-盘式端面磨损试验机考察了蒸馏水润滑条件下Si3N4-hBN(六方氮化硼)复合陶瓷与Si3N4陶瓷配副时的摩擦磨损性能,并分别采用扫描电子显微镜、激光扫描显微镜、X光电子能谱和X射线能谱分析了摩擦面的形貌和物质组成.结果表明:在滴定法水润滑条件下,Si3N4-hBN/Si3N4配副的摩擦因数随hBN含量的增加而显著降低,当hBN体积分数为20%时,摩擦因数降至0.01,Si3N4-hBN的磨损率接近0;在浸入法水润滑条件下,Si3N4-hBN/Si3N4配副的摩擦因数均降至0.01.在滴定法水润滑条件下,磨屑不易被水带走,当Si3N4-hBN与Si3N4配副摩擦时,由于Si3N4-hBN摩擦面上hBN偏聚区域发生脆性断裂和剥落而形成剥落坑,磨屑在剥落坑中堆积并氧化、水解,反应产物富集于剥落坑中,进而在摩擦表面形成含B2O3和SiO2的摩擦化学反应膜,从而保护了Si3N4-hBN和Si3N4摩擦面,使其变得光滑,为发生流体润滑提供了条件.     

Al对淬回火H11钢力学性能和碳化物的影响

研究了Al质量分数为0.77％及不含Al的H11钢在不同淬回火处理工艺下的硬度和冲击功的变化规律,并对两种钢原始退火态、1060℃淬火、1060℃淬火+510℃回火、1060℃淬火+560℃回火和1060℃淬火+600℃回火处理后的试样进行碳化物萃取,同时借助扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析了Al对H11钢中碳化物形态及类型的影响.结果表明:(1)Al能提高H11钢的冲击韧性和回火硬度,但会使淬火硬度有所降低.(2)Al可以促进H11钢淬火过程中碳化物的溶解和元素的均匀分布.(3)Al会阻碍H11钢回火过程中碳化物的析出和聚集,这种作用在560℃以下回火时更加显著.(4)Al可以使H11钢回火时的(Fe,Cr)2C、MoC、Cr7C3类碳化物更加稳定,抑制(Fe,Cr)3C、Mo2C和Cr23C6类碳化物的析出,这是因为Al可以阻碍H11钢中碳及合金元素在回火过程中的聚集.     

回火温度对超高强高韧V150套管组织性能的影响

采用力学性能测试、金相组织观察、透射电镜以及扫描电镜观察,研究不同回火温度对超深井用超高强高韧套管组织和力学性能的影响规律。研究结果表明:套管经580～700℃回火的组织均为回火索氏体,在580～630℃回火时组织比较稳定,仍然保持着淬火马氏体的位向和形状,在640℃回火时发生铁素体再结晶,在700℃回火时发生组织粗化;与热轧态相比,淬火回火后的塑性和韧性得到了很大提高,在580～700℃回火,未出现第二类回火脆性;随着回火温度的升高,套管的强度和硬度逐渐降低,塑性和韧性逐渐增加;650℃为套管最佳回火温度,回火组织均匀,铁素体再结晶充分,碳化物细小弥散分布,强度达到V150钢级,0℃时横向冲击功接近110 J,强韧性匹配达到最佳。     

690MPa级海洋平台用特厚齿条钢的回火稳定性

研究了长时间回火(2,4和8h)对海洋平台用齿条钢A514 GrQ显微组织及力学性能的影响.结果表明,回火过程中,淬火态马氏体板条组织发生回复,C,Cr,Mo和V等元素扩散,析出MC,M₂C和M₂₃C₆型碳化物,回火2h后碳化物类型趋于稳定,并发生Ostwald熟化现象;随着回火时间的增加,实验钢的抗拉强度由淬火态的1100MPa逐渐降低到回火8h时的813MPa,屈服强度由淬火态的931MPa逐渐降低至回火8h时的725MPa;淬火态实验钢回火2h后,-60℃冲击功由淬火态的187J增加至238J,继续增加回火时间,冲击功趋于稳定,约为245J;延伸率由淬火态的15.2%增加至回火2h时的16.7%,并且随着回火时间的增加,升高至回火8h时的19.5%.实验钢在600℃回火2~8h过程中,具有良好的回火稳定性和强韧性匹配,最佳回火时间为2h.     

过共晶超高铬铸铁合金的组织与性能

研究了过共晶超高铬铸铁的组织和热处理工艺对其性能的影响,过共晶超高铬铸铁的铸态组织由初生碳化物M7C3 共晶(M7C3 M23C6) 马氏体 残余奥氏体组成,其中初生碳化物(M7C3)为六方形长秆状.在1050℃淬火的条件下,低温回火时,材料的硬度、冲击韧性的变化不大,回火温度提高到450℃后,材料的硬度显著升高,相应的冲击韧性下降;回火温度继续上升,材料的硬度下降,冲击韧性升高.     

轮轨材料滑动摩擦磨损试验

以车轮钢CL60和钢轨钢U71Mn为研究对象,使用销-盘式摩擦磨损试验机,通过轮轨摩擦副的滑动摩擦磨损试验,进行了不同金相组织、滑动速度和接触应力下轮轨材料的滑动磨损研究。研究结果表明:在不同滑动速度和接触应力下,轮轨磨损率随金相组织变化趋势基本一致。对于单一金相组织摩擦副,相同组织摩擦副的磨损率小于相异组织摩擦副的磨损率。马氏体组织可以降低轮轨磨损率,珠光体组织会增大轮轨磨损率。随着滑动速度或接触应力的增大,轮轨磨损率逐渐减小并趋于稳定。     

铜基石墨密封材料的摩擦磨损性能研究

为研究液体火箭发动机密封材料——铜基石墨材料的摩擦磨损规律,采用销盘试验考察了铜基石墨材料在干摩擦和水润滑条件下的摩擦磨损性能和磨损机理,探讨了速度、载荷、摩擦温升对材料摩擦磨损性能的影响,结果表明:水润滑条件下不易形成铜基石墨转移膜,所以水润滑时的摩擦因数比干摩擦时的摩擦因数大;水润滑下,磨损机理为黏着和磨粒磨损,适当增加载荷、降低速度有利于降低铜基石墨材料的磨损率;干摩擦下,磨损机理为黏着磨损,适当降低载荷、提高速度有利于降低铜基石墨材料的磨损率。     

深冷及回火处理对高速钢M42组织和力学性能影响

采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜及硬度仪,研究了-196℃深冷处理与常规热处理工艺组合对M42高速钢微观组织及硬度的影响,所采用的组合工艺包括:淬火+深冷处理,淬火+深冷处理+回火,淬火+回火+深冷处理.结果表明:淬火后深冷处理24h的工艺能明显细化晶粒,提高M42高速钢的硬度,促进残余奥氏体向马氏体转变及碳化物析出并弥散分布,并改变了马氏体的形态.在回火前对M42钢进行深冷处理可降低二次硬化回火温度,峰值温度由525℃降至450℃,硬度值为998.2HV,较未深冷处理提高了5.0%.回火后深冷处理工艺对M42高速钢组织及硬度的影响不明显.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with