产辅酶Q10热带假丝酵母菌株C-1发酵过程优化

该文以热带假丝酵母（candida tropicalis）C-1为CoQ10的生产菌,通过发酵过程的优化,重点考察了碳源、氮源、接种量、酸碱度和装液量等对生物量和CoQ10产量的影响。发现氮源对产物合成影响最大,其次分别是酸碱度、装液量和碳源。优化后的发酵条件是：碳源,葡萄糖26g／L＋蔗糖26g／L;氮源,酵母膏7．5g／L＋蛋白胨7．5g／L;pH为6．5,装液量为40mL,发酵时间为30h,培养温度为30℃,CoQ10的得率为10．8mg／L。此外,加入适量的维生素B1、烟酸和铁离子等有利于CoQ10微生物细胞的生长和CoQ10产量的提高。     

米根霉、法夫酵母双菌共发酵淀粉生产虾青素的初步研究

对米根霉、法夫酵母共发酵淀粉生产虾青素进行了研究．摇瓶试验结果表明，米根霉、法夫酵母共发酵淀粉生产虾青素适宜的培养基为淀粉50g／L、1gKH2PO4/L、1g CaCl2／L、1g酵母膏/L、0.5gMgSO4／L、5g（NH4）2SO4/L，控制培养基初始pH为8．0、发酵温度为22℃及同时接种米根霉和法夫酵母有利于虾青素的合成，5L罐试验结果表明虾青素合成滞后于糖的利用，且分成两个增长阶段，虾青素的最大产量达2．48mg／L．这些试验结果不仅证实了共培养米根霉和法夫酵母发酵淀粉生产虾青素的理论可行性，而且为进一步利用淀粉为原料生产虾青素提供了试验参考．     

高产油脂斯达氏酵母菌株的选育及摇瓶发酵条件的初步研究

以斯达氏油脂酵母Lipomyces starkeyi AS 2．1560为出发菌株．经紫外线诱变选育出了一株高产油脂的优良酵母菌株L．starkeyi M36．通过摇瓶培养,对与菌体产油脂相关的因素进行了单因子试验,确定了摇瓶发酵培养的最佳产油脂条件,碳源为葡萄糖110g／L;氯源为硫酸铵0．6g／L;培养温度30℃;接种量15％;初始pH5．0～7．0;培养144h。最后可得生物量24．2g／L;油脂量14．6g／L．菌油脂肪酸组成分析结果如下：豆蔻酸0．5％,软脂酸35．2％,棕榈油酸4．3％,硬脂酸4．4％,油酸53．0％,亚油酸2．6％．与植物油脂相似．     

蔬菜废弃物固体发酵生产饲料蛋白

通过平板点种刺激圈及混合菌种发酵试验，确定高山娃娃菜废弃物发酵的最佳菌种组合及其最佳接种量和接种比例；通过固体发酵试验，确定了发酵培养基的最佳氮源、无机盐以及添加量；采用正交实验，确定了最佳发酵条件．结果表明：采用绿色木霉＋白地霉＋产朊假丝酵母为发酵菌种，加入1％的尿素、1．5％的硫酸铵、0．2％硫酸镁、0．4％的磷酸氢二钾和0．4％的过磷酸钙，采用不灭菌固体发酵工艺，并按接种10％，比例为1：2：2，蔬菜废弃物和麸皮（比例为85：15），在1L的三角瓶中投放量100g，温度27℃下发酵96h，产物蛋白质含量高达15．97％，提高了75％，营养成分平衡后，易作为饲料．     

富硒保健柑子酒的研制

将酵母接种在添加亚硒酸钠的培养液中进行驯化,获得富集有机硒的酵母,以柑子汁为主要原料,用富硒酵母酿制富硒保健酒．采用正交试验得到的最佳生产工艺条件为：富硒酵母接种量为12％,加糖量7％,发酵温度36℃,发酵时间为4d．所得产品有机硒含量可达12～17μg／m1,是一种理想的富硒营养保健品．     

氧化葡萄糖酸杆菌驯化选育及其产二羟丙酮

通过梯度增加种子培养基中甘油浓度驯化氧化葡萄糖酸杆菌（Cluconobater oxydans）,有效地提高了该菌对甘油的耐受性,菌株产二羟丙酮水平比驯化前提高了29%,在此基础上,采用单因素试验,对其发酵工艺进行优化。考察甘油质量浓度、酵母膏质量浓度、CaCO₃质量浓度、接种量对发酵的影响,结果显示最佳工艺条件为:甘油质量浓度为60 g/L,酵母膏质量浓度为5 g/L,CaCO₃质量浓度为10 g/L,接种量4%,在此条件下,经72 h摇瓶发酵甘油转化率达96%,二羟丙酮产量可达57.4 g/L,7.5 L发酵罐分批发酵54 h时甘油转化率达97%,二羟丙酮产量可达58.2 g/L。     

雷斯青霉转化左旋乙基甾烯双酮15α-羟基化反应工艺研究

对雷斯青霉（Penicillium raistrickii）微生物转化左旋乙基甾烯双酮15α-羟基化反应的培养基组成和转化条件进行优化．结果表明：优化后最佳培养基组分为葡萄糖30g／L,玉米浆20g／L,NaNO3 2g／L,KH2PI4 1g／L,K2HPO4 2g／L,MgSO4 0．5g／L,FeSO4 0．02g／L,KCl 0．5g／L;最适转化条件为接种量10％,初始pH7．5,摇瓶装量50mL,转化温度28℃,投料量0．2％,投料时间30h,转化时间60h,底物添加方式为底物超声粉碎后加4％V醇和1．5％吐温80溶解．在此条件下。摇瓶转化率可达70％以上。     

总状共头霉产生杀线虫活性物质的条件和产物性质的初步研究

研究了培养基组分和培养条件对Sr．菌产生杀线虫活性物质的影响，并经过发酵放大表明，该菌代谢产物具有很强的杀线虫活性。该菌的最适培养基配方为lL土豆汁(200g／L)中加入20g蔗糖，pH自然。最佳培养条件采用500mL三角瓶装量100mL，接种量2％，170r／min，26℃，培养4d，将发酵滤液稀释为原浓度的1／2，其杀线率达到80％；在5L发酵罐上进行放大试验，发酵(44—52)h，将发酵滤液稀释为原浓度的1／2，其杀线率稳定在95％以上。该活性代谢物热稳定性强，呈水溶性，经分离证实活性组分中包含有机酸类物质。     

桔青霉生产核酸酶P1发酵条件优化研究

选用经紫外线诱变的桔青霉茵株ZM-48，采用单因子和正交试验对生产核酸酶P1的发酵条件进行了优化研究，筛选得到最佳培养基组分为(除麸皮浸出汁为体积分数外，其余均为质量分数)：葡萄糖和麸皮浸出液各3％，蛋白胨和酵母膏各0．3％，K2HPO4和KH2PO4各0．05％，CaCl2 0．08％，MgSO4和MnSO4各0．049／6，ZnSO4 0．02％；发酵条件为：起始pH值5．69，接种量10％，温度34℃，摇床转速180r／min，发酵时间72h。在此优化条件下，桔青霉发酵液的核酸酶P1活力从实验初的140U／ml提高到240U／m1．     

正交设计法筛选槐耳菌丝体液体培养基的研究

以槐耳菌丝体生物量为主要指标,采用不同碳源和氮源进行单因素初选试验,然后以不同比例的混合碳氮源进行正交试验．结果表明,槐耳菌丝体液体最佳培养基是玉米渣200g／L,蔗糖20g／L,酵母膏3g／L,麦麸3．5g／L,KH2PO42．0g／L,MgSO4·7H2O1．0g／L和VB1 6mg／L,温度28℃,pH自然．其菌丝体生物量得率为21．6g／L．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the