神经网络PID控制

以工业ＰＩＤ控制中控制器参数调整困难为背景，在分析神经网络特性的基础上，提出神经网络控制方法，设计了具有自适应性的神经网络ＰＩＤ控制器，在描述了神经网络的学习机理的基础上，给出了控制器控制算法。通过２个实例验证了神经网络在线控制的可行性。     

一种基于GA的模糊控制器直接设计方法

提出了一种利用计算机设计模糊控制器的直接方法，该方法运用ＧＡ进行控制器参数寻优，具有设计速度快，人工干预少的特点。仿直人说明采用该方法结果优于ＰＩＤ控制。     

一种基于 GA 的模糊控制器直接设计方法

提出了一种利用计算机设计模糊控制器的直接方法，该方法运用ＧＡ（遗传算法）进行控制器参数寻优，具有设计速度快、人工干预少的特点．仿真说明采用该方法结果优于ＰＩＤ控制．     

自校正PID控制器的优化设计

通过对极点配置和最优化两类自校正ＰＩＤ控制器的研究,给出了自校正ＰＩＤ控制器的一般设计方法,并在此基础上研制出了优化设计仿真软件包,为适应性ＰＩＤ控制方案的研究和优化设计提供了有效的工具     

自校正模糊控制器的设计

综合Ｍ．ＳＵＧＥＮＯ和Ｇ．Ｔ．ＫＡＧ的设计思想，提出了利用控制作用模式化方程设计自校正模糊控制器的方法，系统地介绍了自校正模糊控制器的结构、控制算法分析及状态变量量论域参数的自校正算法，同时给出了有关数字仿真结果，数字仿真结果表明，自校正模糊控制器在响应速度、调节时间和稳态精度这几个个品质参数上基本达到了常规ＰＩＤ优化控制的效果，且比常规ＰＩＤ控制具有更强的适应性，尤其是精神数学模型未知或被控对象     

离散多变量递推自校正PID控制

本文给出了一种新的离散多变量递推自校正ＰＩＤ控制器设计方法。该方法只对被控制过程进行近似解耦，并通过极小化一个广义性能指标函数以获得ＰＩＤ控制器参数。广义性能指标函数是由预测误差及控制作用所组成，极小化问题的解是以递推形式给出，便于在每一周期里对ＰＩＤ参数进行新的修正。自校正算法不受被控过程模型阶数的限制，可以很方便地为高阶被控过程设计ＰＩＤ控制器。一个仿真算例表明了本文方法的有效性。     

位置伺服系统PID控制器参数在线整定算法

为了使ＰＩＤ控制器参数能够在线自动调整,获得最优或次优的控制器参数,提出了基于浮点数编遗传算法的位置伺服系统ＰＩＤ控制器参数在线整定算法,设计了相应的改进遗传操作,同时提出了通过运动学习保证控制器稳定鲁棒性的适合度函数设计方法。     

模糊控制与PID控制方法的比较

研究了常规模糊控制器与ＰＩＤ控制器的关系．基于Ｔ－Ｓ模型,在一定的附加条件下,对这些模糊控制器进行了分析,理论上给出了这类模糊控制器与ＰＩＤ控制器参数间的定量关系式,并指出两者间的本质联系．仿真结果表明了模糊控制器与ＰＩＤ控制器的相似性,多个规则的模糊控制器要优于ＰＩＤ控制器,同时给出了一类模糊ＰＩＤ复合控制器（ＴＳ－ＰＩＤ）的设计方法．该类复合控制器兼有模糊控制器与ＰＩＤ控制器优点,具有较深远的应用前景．     

基于遗传算法（GAs）的在线自寻优PID控制器

设计了一种基于遗传算法的在线自寻优ＰＩＤ控制器，对于一类具有时变特性的线性系统，它可以根据系统参数的变化实现在线的ＰＩＤ参数优化。仿真结果证明其性能良好。     

基于内模原理的简单PID自校正预测控制器

论述了ＰＩＤ自校正预测控制器的一种简单设计方法。其主要内容有：内模控制原理；基于内模原理构成ｄ步超前预测控制器；根据ｄ步超前预测信号，设计了ＰＩＤ自校正预测控制器。仿真结果表明，这种控制技术是有效的。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the