Androgen effect on genetic and goldthioglucose-induced obesity

Zusammenfassung Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass die Gewichtszunahme bei genetisch oder durch Goldthioglukose induzierter Fettsucht von Mäusen durch Androstanolol oder Testosteron verhindert werden kann.     

Hepatic protein turnover in goldthioglucose-induced obesity

Summary Goldthioglucose obese mice fail to regulate hepatic protein turnover in response to variable energy intake in contrast to lean mice.     

A possible genetic component of obesity in childhood. Observations on acid phosphatase polymorphism

Phenotypes of acid phosphatase with low enzymatic activity (ACP1 A and BA) are correlated with the highest degree of body mass increase observed in a sample of obese children. Since acid phosphatase probably functions as a flavin-mononucleotide phosphatase, differential modulation of flavo-enzyme activity and energy metabolism due to acid phosphatase genetic variability may explain the observed association.     

A possible genetic component of obesity in childhood. Observations on acid phosphatase polymorphism

Summary Phenotypes of acid phosphatase with low enzymatic activity (ACP₁ A and BA) are correlated with the highest degree of body mass increase observed in a sample of obese children. Since acid phosphatase probably functions as a flavin-mononucleotide phosphatase, differential modulation of flavo-enzyme activity and energy metabolism due to acid phosphatase genetic variability may explain the observed association.     

The effect of fluorouracil and fluorodeoxyuridine on the genetic recombination inSchizosaccharomyces pombe

Zusammenfassung Die Rekombinationshäufigkeit, in inter- und intraallelen Kreuzungen beiSchizosaccharomyces pombe, wird durch Zugabe von Fluorouracil oder Fluorodeoxyuridin zum Kreuzungsmedium stark erhöht.     

Androgen influence on protein and enzyme pattern of rat kidney

Riassunto Sono state frazionate le proteine solubili estratte dal rene di ratto, mediante cromatografia su colonna di DEAE-cellulosa. Quattro enzimi sono stati localizzati nelle varie frazioni. Sono stati paragonati i profili cromatografici del rene del maschio, della femmina e della femmina sottoposta a trattamento con androgeni.

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Supported by NIH Grant and by the CNR.     

Lack of effect of exercise on serum cholesterol levels in two types of experimental obesity

Résumé Divers auteurs ont supposé récemment que la pratique journalière d'exercices physiques peut abaisser le taux du cholestérol du sang. Cette hypothèse a été testée chez des souris normales et chez des souris représentant deux classes d'obésité: des souris porteuses du syndrome héréditaire d'obésité-hyperglycémie (qui est accompagnée d'une hypercholestérémie génétique), représentant l'obesité «de métabolisme», et des souris rendues obèses par les lésions hypothalamiques causées par l'administration d'aurothioglucose, représentant l'obésité «de régulation». Trente jours d'exercice (une heure de course sur tapis roulant par jour) n'eurent aucun effet sur le taux du cholestérol du serum ni chez les souris normales, ni chez les deux groupes de souris obèses, et ceci en dépit du fait que la durée et l'intensité de l'exercice quotidien étaient suffisantes pour réduire de façon significative le poids des souris obèses.

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This work was supported in part by grants from the National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases (grant No. A-49), National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service, Bethesda; and the Fund for Research and Teaching, Department of Public Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston.     

Aquaglyceroporins: implications in adipose biology and obesity

Aquaporins (AQPs) are membrane water/glycerol channels that are involved in many physiological processes. Their primary function is to facilitate the bidirectional transfer of water and small solutes across biological membranes in response to osmotic gradients. Aquaglyceroporins, a subset of the AQP family, are the only mammalian proteins with the ability to permeate glycerol. For a long time, AQP7 has been the only aquaglyceroporin associated with the adipose tissue, which is the major source of circulating glycerol in response to the energy demand. AQP7 dysregulation was positively correlated with obesity onset and adipocyte glycerol permeation through AQP7 was appointed as a novel regulator of adipocyte metabolism and whole-body fat mass. Recently, AQP3, AQP9, AQP10 and AQP11 were additionally identified in human adipocytes and proposed as additional glycerol pathways in these cells. This review contextualizes the importance of aquaglyceroporins in adipose tissue biology and highlights aquaglyceroporins’ unique structural features which are relevant for the design of effective therapeutic compounds. We also refer to the latest advances in the identification and characterization of novel aquaporin isoforms in adipose tissue. Finally, considerations on the actual progress of aquaporin research and its implications on obesity therapy are suggested.     

Induction of obesity in obese-hyperglycaemic mice on normal food intake

Zusammenfassung Nachweis, dass bei einem Mäusestamm, welcher eine genetisch bedingte Fettsucht aufweist, die Fettsucht auch bei Nahrungseinschränkung auftritt, wenn diese Tiere homozygot sind, dies im Gegensatz zu heterozygoten Tieren. Daraus wird der Schluss gezogen, dass diese Fettsucht nicht primär alimentär, sondern durch einen genetischen, metabolischen Defekt bedingt ist.     

Androgen receptors in the cytosol of normal mucosa and of pharyngo-laryngeal epitheliomas in humans]

Specific binding for 5 alpha dihydrotestosterone has been characterized in cytosol fraction from human pharyngeal and laryngeal mucosae. The high binding affinity of the protein receptor (Kd 2 x 10(-10)M) and its low capacity are similar in both sexes, and similar in both normal mucosa and epithelioma.     

Androgen dependency of hepatic hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases in the rat: Prepubertal responsiveness and unresponsiveness towards exogenous testosterone

Summary The prepubertal responsiveness of 3 typical androgen-dependent enzyme activities, namely 20-ketoreductase, 3- and ⁴-3-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, towards a large dose of testosterone was investigated. The androgen induced the activity of the 3-enzyme prepubertally in both sexes.This investigation was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Sonderforschungsbereich 87, Endokrinologie).