文化的书写 鼓语的识读——《鼓语通神》述评

《鼓语通神》（人民音乐出版社2014年版,下简称《鼓语》）是云南艺术学院申波教授依托云南民族的鼓乐现象、通过历时3年的田野追寻与案头沉思完成的学术新著.《鼓语》以云南民族鼓乐文化为审视对象,既有对过往鼓乐文化“为什么”的追问,又有对现实鼓乐文化意义“是什么”的回答.不仅从鼓类乐器产生的艺术心理立场对鼓的来历进行了学术追问,并从人的心理结构、生态环境和人的社会行为的角度,逻辑性地论证和回答了鼓的起源、文化作用及其社会价值的学术思考.正如中央音乐学院博士生导师和云峰教授在对该著的推荐语中所指出的那样——“《鼓语》融彩云之南鼓乐、鼓舞于一体,汇多民族信仰、民俗于一炉,是一部深入浅出的好书.”     

非洲的鼓

鼓,经常可以见到。鼓声,经常可以听到。这对大家不是陌生的。在渔猎时代以前,人们是以石磬来作舞蹈的伴奏。那时,正如我国古书中所说的“击石拊石,百兽率舞”。这种石磬,可以说是鼓的雏型或渊源。后来人们敲打中间空的树干,发觉这能使声音增大,因而制成了最古的粗陋的木鼓。到了渔猎时代,用野兽的皮,正式创制了鼓。到殷周时代,鼓已经是相当精致的伴奏乐器了。汉代的民间舞蹈,都是以鼓作为最主要的伴奏乐器,《汉书·郊祀志》中说:“民间祠尚有鼓舞乐。”除了舞人用手拊鼓之外,还有用足蹈鼓,这种舞称为縏舞,伴奏这种縏舞的鼓,便称之为縏鼓。     

缶是一种什么乐器

缶,是一种什么样的古代乐器?先说"缶"这个字,按《说文解字》解释:"缶,瓦器,所以盛酒浆,秦人鼓之以节歌。"在中国古代典籍中,多次提到击缶。如李斯《谏逐客令》有"击瓮叩缶,弹筝     

枇杷的文化意蕴

正时下正是枇杷上市的季节。它柔软多汁,酸甜适度,味道鲜美,被誉为"果中之皇"。枇杷与琵琶枇杷与琵琶不仅同音,而且曾经通用。枇杷曾被写作"琵琶",宋代寇宗奭在《本草衍义》中写道:"其叶,形如琵琶,故名。"琵琶,也曾被写作"枇杷",最早见于汉代刘熙《释名·释乐器》:"枇杷,本出于胡中,马上所鼓也。推手前曰‘枇’,引手却曰‘杷’。象其鼓时,因以为名也。"这句话意思是枇杷是人骑在马上弹奏的乐器(在古代,敲、击、弹、奏都被称为鼓),向前弹称"枇",向后挑称"杷",人们是根据它的演奏特点来命名它的。     

瑶族乐春鼓

瑶族乐春鼓是瑶族人民喜闻乐见的曲艺形式。这种形式的特点是载歌载舞,以鼓助乐,借鼓迎春,故称之为乐春鼓。演唱时,一只铜鼓,四只皮鼓是必不可少的乐器。全场只用五个演员,主演者敲铜鼓,四个配角敲皮鼓。边敲边跳,边唱边说,整个故事几乎都由主演者说唱,其他人只帮腔,以便把故事内容表达得更清楚些,使情绪更热烈些。有时配角也可临     

豫剧的音乐风格在新疆的发展

豫剧音乐丰富多彩,曲调流畅,节奏鲜明,唱腔结构为板式变化体。它善于吸收和融化外来曲调,梆子是豫剧伴奏音乐中不可缺少的乐器。豫剧在曲调、伴奏、演唱等方面都形成了自己独有的特色。     

黑人的鼓

前言:我很喜欢非洲音乐,爵士的切分、黑人灵歌的“伤感”、布鲁斯的“忧郁”、福音歌曲的虔诚、摇滚乐的宣泄、拉丁节奏的“搏动”、探戈的“倾心”无不打动着我,可更使我感兴趣的却是黑人的鼓。一、介绍认识非洲的鼓非洲的主要乐器当然是鼓,而且成为一种文化,作为一种乐器,包含着生命中强烈的热情,冲动与节奏,多数活动都会看到他们擂鼓作乐。在非洲鼓的种类繁多,形状各异,演奏方式也非常多(敲或磨擦),李昕著的《从“撒哈拉”往南走》一书中明确阐述了一种叫通话鼓的种类。他说:“黑非洲各地使用的通话鼓有很多种类,形制和构造上的差异,导致…     

西安鼓乐生存环境探析

西安鼓乐(长安古乐)是脱胎于唐代燕乐并多方面继承唐宋音乐传统,在发展中不断吸收元明清历代音乐艺术及各地民间精华的基础上形成的,至今仍存活在我国民间的以成套乐器再现千年古乐曲的传统音乐形式。作为历史悠久的人类非物质文化遗产的西安鼓乐之所以能够传承至今,与其历史以来生存的环境有密切关系。从西安鼓乐生存的自然环境、历史环境、文化环境、音乐环境等几个方面探讨西安鼓乐生存环境,对于消费时代语境下人们的社会生活和审美活动所面临的新的现实问题,从理论研究与现实保护的视域继续传承西安鼓乐,以期实现西安鼓乐的可持续发展有着积极的现实意义。     

辰河高腔伴奏乐器与手法研究

辰河高腔主要的伴奏乐器为唢呐、笛子、备子、京胡、二胡、三弦、大鼓、小锣、云锣、钹、小鼓、大桶鼓、课子、尺板等,其首要任务是为唱腔伴奏,起着烘托气氛的作用,它们是形成这一剧种和声腔特色的重要组成部分,同时又是区别于其他剧种的重要标志。特制的辰河高腔唢呐发音柔和,音色优美,能与唱腔融为一体,在伴奏中起着特殊作用。近年来,辰河高腔伴奏乐器有了很大的发展,增加了琵琶、扬琴等乐器,尤其是乐队的出现,在配器手法上对西洋管弦乐队配器有所借鉴。     

元代回回国所进乐器论略——兼议伊斯兰音乐文化之东流

据史料记载,回回国曾向元朝进贡过兴隆笙、火不思、胡琴等乐器。兴隆笙用于演奏宫廷宴饷之乐,元朝曾仿制过与其大体相同的殿庭笙,但当时对这种键盘乐器的先驱——阿拉伯管风琴的机械性能似乎还不具备接受的能力．元以后已不见其使用记载。而火不思和胡琴在流人中国后都有不同程度的改变,并在戏曲音乐中被广泛使用。受其影响,还出现了戏曲音乐的主要伴奏乐器三弦。三弦后经琉球传至日本,成为近世日本音乐的大宗三味线。不仅乐器,在元代,伊斯兰乐人、音乐也传人中国并产生了一定的影响。可见,伊斯兰音乐的东流,像一条纽带似的将伊斯兰音乐与我国乃至东方音乐连接了起来。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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