对制定健身运动处方有关问题的几点研究

本文在阐述了运动处方问的由来及发展的进程,提出了制定健身运动处方的程序、方法、内容和要求,并根据理论与实践相结合原则,对如何提出几点方法和意见制定健身运动处方时运动项目的选择、运动强度、每次运动持续时间和每周运动次数.     

科学健身与现代人的健康

从现代医学、生理学、心理学、社会学的角度,就健康与现代生活方式的关系进行论述,指出了有氧代谢运动是健身运动发展的科学方法。     

有氧代谢运动健身的生理机理

生命在于运动，健康在于运动，健康来源于科学的运动．时下，更多的人选择了快走、慢跑、游泳等有氧代谢运动．合理利用有氧代谢运动能促进身心健康、增强体质、防止衰老对有氧代谢运动健身机理、有氧代谢运动的益处、有氧代谢运动的过程、有氧代谢运动的质量加以阐述，以帮助体育运动参加正确利用有氧代谢运动，达到健身目的。     

过度运动、适度运动与免疫

随着免疫学的发展，运动与免疫机能的关系越来越受到人们的关注。不同的运动形式和运动强度对免疫机能的影响也不同，适宜的运动强度和运动量，能提高机体的免疫机能，而过度运动，则降低机体的免疫机能，使运动能力下降。     

运动对内皮素分泌影响的分析与研究

运动作为一种特殊刺激会引起机体内皮细胞分泌水平发生改变．该文总结人们研究的不同运动形式、不同运动强度及运动训练对内皮素分泌的影响，旨在促进运动对内皮素分泌的影响的研究，并为在运动训练中，探索合理的运动强度和运动时间，提高运动成绩，防止运动性疾病产生提供科学的依据。     

中长跑运动的呼吸办法探讨

中长跑运动是增强心肺功能发展耐力的有氧代谢运动项目，持续时间长，运动强度大，易出现“极点”现象．为了克服“极点”现象，提高运动成绩，笔者提出了几点相应的措施．     

浅析乒乓球运动员专项耐力训练

乒乓球运动是一项中等运动强度的有氧代谢为主的运动项目。乒乓球运动员的专项耐力训练水平的高低直接影响到乒乓球运动员竞技能力和运动成绩的提高。并由此提出了有关乒乓球运动员在训练过程中专项耐力训练的有关内容方法和手段,为教练员在指导运动员运动训练比赛过程中,提高训练比赛质量,创造优异运动成绩提供理论依据。     

有氧运动强度下不同运动方式的能量消耗及健身锻炼效果评价

探析有氧运动强度下,不同的运动方式的能量消耗情况,以及对健身锻炼的效果进行评价,为健身锻炼提供科学指导.选48名男性大学生参与测试,12人/组,分成跑步组、单车组、健身舞组、太极拳组.分三个步骤:1)有氧运动强度范围确定.2)便携式运动心肺功能仪测量摄氧量,计算能量消耗.3)八周健身锻炼效果评价.结果表明:1)有氧心率(115-150b/min)对应强度:跑步组对应速度6.9-9.3km/h,单车组对应功率为125-190w,健身舞组对应强度"有氧健身操Ⅱ""活力健身操""减脂活力操",太极拳组对应强度太极拳竞技套路.2)能量消耗:跑步组VO2为1729±257ml/min,能耗8.65±1.15kcal/min;单车组VO2为1575±233ml/min,能耗7.87±1.07kcal/min;健身舞组VO2为1714±218ml/min,能耗8.57±1.23kcal/min;太极拳组VO2为1406±185ml/min,能耗为7.13±1.01kcal/min.与跑步组比,单车组、太极拳组VO2和能耗均存在显著差异,p<0.05.3)八周健身效果:体重分别下降2.82±0.53kg、2.12±0.44kg、2.71±0.48kg、1.41±0.33kg;体脂％分别下降3.65±0.77、2.79±0.83、3.43±0.74、2.01±0.69;BMI分别下降1.01±0.23、0.74±0.25、0.94±0.31、0.50±0.18.与跑步组比,单车组(p<0.05)、太极拳组(p<0.01)所有指标存在显著差异.研究发现:有氧运动强度下,不同运动方式能量消耗存在项目差异;有氧运动强度下进行较长时间健身锻炼,均有健身效果,健身功效与运动形式的能耗密切相关.     

羽毛球专项选手Y字型六拍、九拍测试的时空特征及生理反应研究

为探讨间歇有氧力竭训练对体育教育专业男子羽毛球专项选手的运动表现与生理反应的影响,选择从事男子羽毛球单、双打运动员各8名,先在跑步机上进行最大摄氧量测试,接着以平衡次序法分别让2组受试者完成羽毛球Y字型6拍、9拍现场有氧间歇力竭性测验.结果显示:单打组在6拍测试完成总时间、趟数和距离皆明显优于双打组,而每个6拍和Y字型的完成时间上单、双打无差异;9拍测验的所有运动表现指标单、双打无差异;单、双打组在6拍、9拍测验所获摄氧量、心率、乳酸、RPE用力感觉均无明显差异,但单打组在6拍测验时的摄氧量、乳酸、RPE增加程度均明显比9拍测验要小,而双打组在6拍测验时仅摄氧量上升的幅度比9拍的小.可见,单、双打羽毛球选手现场有氧力竭检测具有相同移动速度及生理反应,但单打选手有氧耐力和运动效率优于双打选手,在6拍、9拍测试时有更好的运动表现.     

体育运动中的能量代谢

体育运动中,能量的供应主要来源于磷酸原供能系统、无氧糖酵解系统和有氧代谢这三大系统,本文将阐述这三大供能系统的特点以及与某些项目的能量供应关系.体育运动中,运动强度大时,超过80%VO_(2max),时间短于三分钟,能量的主要来源是肌肉中贮存的ATP、CP 和血糖.当运动强度相对较低,大约在65%VO_(2max)时,肌肉的主要能量供应来源于脂肪.介于二者之间的运动,能量来源于肌糖元.运动员在运动中,依靠三种不同供能方式,完成各种动作,     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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