150株铜绿假单胞菌的细菌分布及耐药分析

目的探讨150例铜绿假单胞菌的细菌分布及耐药性,为临床监测和控制感染提供依据。方法BIOMERIEAX公司的全自动细菌鉴定仪V1TEK2-COMPACT鉴定。结果铜绿假单胞菌在儿科ICU的检出率和脑外科ICU的检出率最高分别为28％和41％。铜绿假单胞菌对哌拉西林的耐药率为93．3％。对头孢哌酮一舒巴坦的敏感率为100％。结论建议临床合理运用抗生素,控制耐药菌的传播避免医院感染。     

2011年大理学院附属医院4种革兰阴性杆菌的临床分布和耐药性研究

目的:了解大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、铜绿假单胞菌和鲍曼不动杆菌感染现状和对常用抗菌药物耐药趋势。方法:应用VITET-2Compact全自动微生物分析仪进行细菌鉴定,K-B纸片扩散法进行药敏试验。结果:4种革兰阴性杆菌对青霉素类、磺胺类、喹诺酮类、阿莫西林/棒酸、庆大霉素、头孢类、氨曲南耐药率分别为75%、75%、20%、70%、55%、50%、13%,而铜绿假单胞杆菌对头孢他啶(7.22%)和头孢吡肟(11.86%)较为敏感。大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯杆菌均对碳青霉烯类和头孢哌酮/舒巴坦敏感,铜绿假单胞杆菌对其全部耐药,鲍曼不动杆菌仅对亚胺培南、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦敏感。大肠埃希菌和铜绿假单胞杆菌对阿米卡星敏感,肺炎克雷伯杆菌对哌拉西林/他唑巴坦敏感,其它菌耐药率都超过14%。结论:大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、铜绿假单胞菌和鲍曼不动杆菌对常用抗生素耐药率高;医院检验科应加强细菌感染控制和耐药监测,指导临床合理使用抗生素。     

某医院感染性病原菌分布及耐药性分析

对2012~2014年间某综合医院心脏中心感染性病原菌的构成及细菌耐药性变迁进行回顾性分析,为抗菌药物的合理使用提供依据.以痰液和尿液为主要标本来源,分离出177株病原菌,其中140株革兰氏阴性菌(79.1%),37株革兰氏阳性菌(20.9%).主要革兰氏阴性菌为大肠埃希菌(16.9%)、铜绿假单胞菌(15.3%)、肺炎克雷伯菌(14.1%)和鲍曼不动杆菌(12.4%).主要革兰氏阳性菌为金黄色葡萄球菌(12.4%).MRSA检出率为72.7%.大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌对阿米卡星、亚胺培南和美洛培南的敏感性高;铜绿假单胞菌对阿米卡星和美洛培南的敏感性高;不动杆菌属对包括亚胺培南、美罗培南在内的14种抗生素的耐药率均超过30%,金黄色葡萄球菌对青霉素、喹诺酮类、大环内酯类等大多数抗生素耐药,对万古霉素和替考拉宁敏感.2012~2014年我院心脏中心住院患者感染病原菌中革兰氏阴性菌占优势,病原菌主要来自呼吸道细菌耐药性仍然形势严峻,应加强对细菌耐药性监测.     

烧伤科病原菌分布及抗生素敏感模式分析——以江南大学附属医院为例

收集2020年1-12月江南大学附属医院烧伤科分离细菌标本,分析其中的致病菌种类及抗生素耐药情况,为抗生素选择提供依据。采用质谱仪和全自动细菌药敏仪鉴定细菌并进行药敏试验。共分离738株病原菌,其中革兰阳性菌中金黄色葡萄球菌163株(占比75.5%),主要来自创口分泌物或脓液标本;革兰阴性菌中铜绿假单胞菌284株(占比57.4%),主要来自血液标本。金黄色葡萄球菌中,耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)检出率为56.9%,但未发现耐万古霉素的MRSA菌株。鲍曼不动杆菌对碳青酶烯类抗生素耐药率高达71.4%。该院烧伤科分离病原菌耐药严重,应加强药敏监测。     

伤口分泌物病原种类调查及耐药性分析

为调查伤口感染的病原菌分布及耐药情况,指导临床合理用药,采集伤口分泌物进行常规细菌培养鉴定,以纸片扩散法进行药物敏感性试验.从2 329份标本中分离出致病菌1 394株,总分离率为59.85%.阳性率高的科室主要为骨科、普通外科和内分泌科.感染的病原菌以革兰阴性杆菌为主,占65.06%,革兰阳性球菌占30.13%.革兰阴性杆菌中鲍曼不动杆菌、大肠埃希菌和铜绿假单胞菌分离率较高,药敏结果显示头孢哌酮/舒巴坦、阿米卡星和哌拉西林/他唑巴坦的耐药率较低.革兰阳性球菌中金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌和粪肠球菌分离率较高,药敏结果显示万古霉素、利奈唑胺、替考拉宁和米诺环素的耐药率较低.分离出的病原菌对常用抗生素耐药情况严重,临床应根据药敏结果合理使用抗生素,减少院内感染,延缓耐药菌的产生.     

西双版纳州医院2008年细菌感染分布及耐药性分析

目的:对我院细菌感染分布及耐药性进行调查分析,为临床合理使用抗生素药物提供依据.方法:对我院临床送检的各类标本采用英国Aris全自动微生物鉴定/药敏分析仪进行培养分离、鉴定及药敏试验,对结果进行回顾性统计分析.结果:阳性标本703份,检出率为35.42%,以革兰阴性杆菌检出较高.革兰阴性杆菌498株,占70.84%,主要为大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌及铜绿假单胞菌;革兰阳性菌205株,占29.16%,主要为凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌、肠球菌属和金黄色葡萄球菌.大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌除对亚胺培南敏感外,对其他常用抗生素药物不同程度耐药;铜绿假单胞菌对头孢哌酮、头孢曲松、哌拉西林的耐药率在45.00%～50.00%范围内;耐药率最低的是左氧氟沙星、亚胺培南、氨曲南、头孢吡肟、头孢他啶,耐药性分别为18.42%、21.79%、21.79%、23.1%、25.79%;阴沟肠杆菌除对亚胺培南、阿米卡星敏感外,对青霉素类、一至三代头孢菌素等多药高度耐药.耐甲氧西林葡萄球菌(MRS)检出率为68.37%,其中耐甲氧西林凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(MRCNS)检出率为85.06%.结论:细菌耐药性较严重,临床医师应重视细菌培养和药敏试验,合理使用抗生素.     

楚雄州中医院2011年细菌耐药性监测结果分析

目的:了解2011年临床分离菌株对常用抗生素的耐药性。方法:采用API鉴定和ATB药敏板条及纸片扩散法对2011年临床分离1 127株细菌进行药敏试验。结果:1 127株细菌中革兰阴性菌占76.8%,革兰阳性菌占23.2%。革兰阴性菌中前3位为大肠埃希菌45.7%(395/865)、肺炎克雷伯菌10.6%(92/865)和铜绿假单胞菌9.0%(78/865);革兰阳性菌中前3位为屎肠球菌27.1%(71/262)、金黄色葡萄球菌24.8%(65/262)和表皮葡萄球菌16.0%(42/262)。药敏试验结果显示泛耐药铜绿假单胞菌和不动杆菌检出率分别为19.2%(15/78)和32.8%(23/70);MRSA和MRCNS分别占金黄色葡萄球菌和CNS的32.3%(21/65)和83.3%(40/48)。结论:定期进行耐药性监测有助于了解细菌耐药性的变迁,为临床用药提供依据。     

应用RAPD技术研究金黄色葡萄球菌和铜绿假单胞菌DNA的多态性

本试验利用RAPD技术对临床上重要的致病菌金黄色葡萄球菌28株和铜绿假单胞菌2l株，用10bp引物进行扩增，结果铜绿假单胞菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的DNA带谱均出现了多态性；根据带谱的不同可将铜绿假单胞菌分成8个型，金葡菌分成3个型；根据铜绿假单胞菌的带型计算各菌间的相似系数，依此系数绘制了系统树，从系统树中清晰可见各菌间的亲缘关系。     

比较硝酸银和抗生素治疗小鼠金黄色葡萄球菌和铜绿假单胞菌创伤感染的效果

目的比较硝酸银与抗生素治疗小鼠金黄色葡萄球菌和铜绿假单胞菌皮肤创面感染的效果。方法实验分为3个大组,首先建立动物创伤模型,使创面分别感染金黄色葡萄球菌、感染铜绿假单胞菌以及混合感染两种菌,然后每组用不同浓度的硝酸银及抗生素进行治疗,记录感染创面结痂时间及愈合时间并进行分析。结果对皮肤创面细菌感染,硝酸银可以起到和抗生素同样的治疗效果,且对耐药性铜绿假单胞菌感染的治疗同样有效。结论本实验证实了硝酸银在体内的杀菌作用及广谱抗菌性,随着银粒子及银离子在医疗上的作用被重新认识,在临床中可以将硝酸银与抗生素复合使用,以达到更好的杀菌和抑菌效果。     

衡阳地区绿脓假单胞菌临床分布特征及耐药性分析

目的了解衡阳地区绿脓假单胞菌的临床分布特征及耐药现状，为临床合理使用抗菌药物提供依据。方法收集衡阳市南华大学附一医院临床分离的199株绿脓假单胞菌，采用K—B法检测药物敏感性。结果199株绿脓假单胞菌中，以痰液为主，占64．32％（128／199）；其次为伤口分泌物，占9．05％（18／199）。病区来源以ICU检出率最高，占14．07％（28／199）；其次为神经外科和呼吸内科，占9．05％（18／199）。在检测的19种药物中，耐药率超过50％的达13种（68．42％），耐药率最高为氨苄西林／舒巴坦（98．00％），其次为复方新诺明（95．00％）和替卡西林（79．00％），耐药率最低为多粘菌素E（8．00％）。结论临床分离绿脓假单胞菌多来源于呼吸道标本，且耐药现象十分严重。临床应加强对绿脓假单胞菌耐药性监测、合理选用抗菌药物。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with