福建龙岩中甲铁矿层顶部首次发现古生物化石

1976年南大地质系师生,配合福建地质八队草测1/(2万5千)地质图时,在中甲铁矿—坑道内,于铁矿层顶部白色硅质岩中,首次发现了古生物化石,其生物构造清晰可辨,经鉴定为(虫筳)类:Fusulinella及海百合茎;Cyclocylicus。时代属中石炭世。这个发现,有助于该铁矿时代的确定,并为讨论马坑式铁矿床成因提供了线索。虽硅质岩有沉积成因和热液交代等类型,但该处发现的硅质岩有稳定的地层层位,系沉积成因无疑,可从中甲至下经畲测制的中石炭统地层剖面中得到证明。该剖面上覆地层为上石炭统船山组,产Triticietes等。中石炭统     

惠民凹陷古近系风暴沉积研究

利用岩心观察、薄片鉴定、粒度分析及测井解释等方法,对惠民凹陷古近系风暴沉积进行了研究。根据风暴岩的垂向序列类型、沉积构造特点和原地沉积物特征等总结出9种风暴岩序列和原地风暴岩、A型近源风暴岩、B型近源风暴岩和远源风暴岩等4种沉积模式,并总结了风暴岩的分布规律。结果表明,该凹陷风暴沉积岩石类型丰富,包括各类碎屑岩、生物灰岩和火山碎屑岩。粒度分布具有“高斜多跳-悬式”、多段式和“高斜-段式”等多种样式,沉积构造发育渠模、冲刷面、截切等底层面侵蚀构造和递变层理、块状层理、丘状层理、洼状层理、平行层理等构造,还发育有波痕和各种同生变形构造、生物逃逸构造等。粒度分布和沉积构造反映出研究区兼有重力流和牵引流的水动力机制。在剖面上,风暴沉积与非风暴沉积交互出现,发育程度与层位、古地形、古水深、构造位置及碎屑供给特征等条件有关;在平面上,风暴岩被非风暴岩所包围,向陆、向浅水方向一般为（扇）三角洲、滩坝沉积体,向盆地方向变为浊积岩或半深湖、深湖泥页岩。     

山西铝土矿基本特征浅析

山西省铝土矿储量丰富,含矿地层为中石炭统本溪组下段,矿体层位厚度变化较大,呈似层状、透镜状产出,具有高铝、高硅、含铁等特点,矿石的自然类型以碎屑状铝土矿及粗糙状铝土矿为主。分析了山西铝土矿资源的基本地质特征,并对其生物组合特征、沉积古地理环境和地层构造进行了探讨。     

惠民凹陷古近系风暴沉积研究

利用岩心观察、薄片鉴定、粒度分析及测井解释等方法,对惠民凹陷古近系风暴沉积进行了研究.根据风暴岩的垂向序列类型、沉积构造特点和原地沉积物特征等总结出9种风暴岩序列和原地风暴岩、A型近源风暴岩、B型近源风暴岩和远源风暴岩等4种沉积模式,并总结了风暴岩的分布规律.结果表明,该凹陷风暴沉积岩石类型丰富,包括各类碎屑岩、生物灰岩和火山碎屑岩.粒度分布具有"高斜多跳一悬式"、多段式和"高斜一段式"等多种样式.沉积构造发育渠模、冲刷面、截切等底层面侵蚀构造和递变层理、块状层理、丘状层理、洼状层理、平行层理等构造,还发育有波痕和各种同生变形构造、生物逃逸构造等.粒度分布和沉积构造反映出研究区兼有重力流和牵引流的水动力机制.在剖面上,风暴沉积与非风暴沉积交互出现,发育程度与层位、古地形、古水深、构造位置及碎屑供给特征等条件有关;在平面上,风暴岩被非风暴岩所包围,向陆、向浅水方向一般为(扇)三角洲、滩坝沉积体,向盆地方向变为浊积岩或半深湖、深湖泥页岩.     

安徽巢北地区下石炭统高骊山组风暴沉积

对安徽巢北地区下石炭统高骊山组地层进行了研究。结果表明，高骊山组属浅海陆棚环境沉积，在正常波基面与风暴浪基面之间存在两期风暴沉积，属事件性沉积。具有风暴沉积特有的垂向层序，反映了一定的古地理环境。     

安徽巢北地区下石炭统高骊山组风暴沉积

对安徽巢北地区下石炭统高骊山组地层进行了研究。结果表明，设骊山组属浅海陆棚环境沉积，在正常波基面与风暴浪基面之间存在两期风暴沉积，属事件性沉积，具有风暴沉积特有的垂向层序，反映了一定的古地理环境。     

鄂尔多斯盆地延长组风暴沉积特征及意义 ——以环江地区长8油层组为例

为了解决环江油田浅水三角洲沉积相地质认识与生产实践之间日益突出的矛盾,通过岩心资料系统分析,发现鄂尔多斯盆地环江地区三叠系长8油层组除发育三角洲沉积相砂体外,还发育典型的风暴岩沉积.岩心上可见突变底界、冲刷充填构造、丘状交错层理和洼状交错层理、生物成因构造等.岩性与粒度分析表明,研究区沉积具有牵引流与密度流的双重属性....     

美国东克拉马斯山脉石炭系Bragdon组沉积相和物源区分析

美国加利福尼亚州东克拉马斯山脉上泥盆统■到下石炭统Bragdon组上部含有近3km(构造厚度)的砂岩、泥板岩和砾岩,它们是沉积在一个“混杂的”海底扇环境的浊积岩。详细的沉积相和岩石学研究时盆地发育和物源区分析提供了新的资料,并有助于推新晚泥盆世-早石炭世岛弧的古地理和沉积背景。     

灌县九甸坪上古生界地层剖面及岩石地层单位的划分

四川灌县九甸坪剖面横切龙门山的懒板凳飞来峰。文章根据岩石特征、古生物特征对该剖面进行了岩石地层单位的划分，从中识别出下泥盆统甘溪组、上泥盆统茅坝组及下石炭统总长沟组，并与邻区相应地层进行了对比。     

鄂尔多斯盆地天生桥剖面盒8下段辫状河沉积特征

以鄂尔多斯盆地东北部府谷县天生桥实测剖面资料为基础,通过岩石学特征、碎屑结构、沉积构造等相标志分析,对中二叠统下石盒子组盒8下段沉积相特征进行解剖,进而建立其沉积模式。盒8下段以灰白色粗粒岩屑砂岩及岩屑石英砂岩为主,结构成熟度中等-较低,槽状交错层理、板状交错层理及楔状交错层理等沉积构造发育,垂向上具"二元结构"特征不明显的正粒序特征,为典型的辫状河沉积。其中可识别出河道与堤泛2种亚相及滞留沉积、心滩、废弃河道、河道充填、越岸沉积和泛滥平原等6种微相。结合沉积微相的垂向变化规律,建立了研究区多河道的缓坡型辫状河沉积模式。     

西藏日土县拉竹龙—双陷大坂的泥盆系和石炭系

本文主要论述西藏日土县以北拉竹龙-双陷大坂地区,新发现比较完整的中、晚泥盆世和早石炭世地层。根据化石和岩性特征,把该区中、上泥盆统划分为中泥盆统的三岔口组、万泉河组,上泥盆统的邦达组、拉竹龙组;下石炭统划分为月牙湖组、双陷大坂组。上述各组除拉竹龙组外,均为新建组名。三岔口组、万泉河组、邦达错组和拉竹龙组的层位,分别与应堂阶、东岗岭阶、余田桥阶和锡矿山阶相当,而月牙湖组和双陷大坂组的层位,则分别与岩关阶和大塘阶相当。     

渭北地区石炭纪牙形刺初步研究

本文对渭北地区石炭纪地层中采集的牙形刺进行了研究。经鉴定,共获得牙形刺6个属,8个种和6个未定种。其中中石炭统本溪组以Streptognathodus cf.parvus和?Idiognathodus corrugatus为代表;上石炭统太原组下部以Streptognathodus gracilis为代表;中部以S.oppletus,S.elegantulus和Idiognathodus delicatus为代表;上部经与其它地区同时期的牙形刺相比,缺失了以S.elongatus和S.wabaunsensis为代表的矛形刺动物群。     

Stratigraphic,chronological and behavioural contexts of Pleistocene Homo sapiens from Middle Awash,Ethiopia

Clarifying the geographic, environmental and behavioural contexts in which the emergence of anatomically modern Homo sapiens occurred has proved difficult, particularly because Africa lacked adequate geochronological, palaeontological and archaeological evidence. The discovery of anatomically modern Homo sapiens fossils at Herto, Ethiopia, changes this. Here we report on stratigraphically associated Late Middle Pleistocene artefacts and fossils from fluvial and lake margin sandstones of the Upper Herto Member of the Bouri Formation, Middle Awash, Afar Rift, Ethiopia. The fossils and artefacts are dated between 160,000 and 154,000 years ago by precise age determinations using the 40Ar/39Ar method. The archaeological assemblages contain elements of both Acheulean and Middle Stone Age technocomplexes. Associated faunal remains indicate repeated, systematic butchery of hippopotamus carcasses. Contemporary adult and juvenile Homo sapiens fossil crania manifest bone modifications indicative of deliberate mortuary practices.     

Discovery of marine fossils in the upper part of the Permian Linxi Formation in Lopingian, Xingmeng area, China

Two important geological issues have a long history of debate in the Xingmeng area. The first concerns the final closure of the North China plate, Siberia plate and several intermediate massifs in the area, and the other con- cerns the folding and lifting of the Xingmeng Trough. Dis- agreements arise because of issues involving the tectonic- palaeogeographical environment of the Upper Permian deposits of the Linxi Formation. The Linxi Formation （Upper Permian） is generally considered to be either an exclusively continental deposit or separated into marine- terrigenous facies deposited during the Lower to Middle Linxi Period and continental deposits in the Upper Linxi Period. However, in this study, large numbers of bryozoan and sponge spicule fossils were discovered for this first time in the thick limestone layers and lenses of the upper part of the Linxi Formation found in the Guandi section of Linxi county in eastern Inner Mongolia. At the same time, abun- dant bryozoan fossils were also found in sedimentary tuff slices that were collected from the upper part of the Tao- huayingzi Formation from the Taohuayingzi section in Ar Horqin Banner, and abundant small connecting body crinoid stem fossils were found in the dark shale of the Yangjiagou Formation from the Yangjiagou section of Jiutai county, Jilin Province. These marine fossils provide the first evidence that the Xingmeng area was still a marine or mainly marine environment at the end of the late Permian. This not only provides conclusive evidence for the recognition of the above two major geological issues but also promotes chan- ges in the approach towards research, exploration and development of oil and gas, shale gas （oil）, and other mineral resources that are preserved in the late Permian layers of the Northeast-Xingmeng area.     

北羌塘盆地北部晚侏罗世索瓦组地层古生物新资料

在北羌塘盆地北部乌兰乌拉湖地区测制了多条晚侏罗世索瓦组剖面,讨论了该区索瓦组的岩性组合特征、沉积环境及空间变化规律.首次系统研究了索瓦组双壳类、层孔虫及珊瑚化石的组合特征及地理分布.建立了一个双壳类生物组合带,一个层孔虫组合和一个珊瑚组合.确定索瓦组的地质时代为晚侏罗世牛津期-基默里奇期.     

神木气田太原组储层特征及其控制因素

鄂尔多斯盆地神木气田上石炭统太原组具有不同于二叠系山西组、石盒子组和石千峰组的储层特征.为指导该气田储层预测与井位部署,根据常规薄片、铸体薄片、常规物性和粒度分析,研究了太原组储层特征及其控制因素.认识到太原组储层主要发育在太2段,砂体分布受潮控三角洲平原分流河道控制,具有砂岩粒度较粗、成分成熟度好—中等、结构成熟度中等的特征;储层孔隙类型以岩屑溶孔为主,成岩相以黏土+硅质胶结岩屑溶孔与晶间孔相及黏土+硅质+碳酸盐胶结岩屑溶孔与晶间孔相为主,物性较低,属于特低孔、低渗储层.神木气田太原组储层发育程度与粒度、岩屑含量和溶蚀作用息息相关,粒度越粗,岩屑含量相对越高,溶蚀作用越强,储层越发育.相反,石英含量升高不利于储层发育,压实、交代和胶结作用也不利于储层发育.     

轮南周缘地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩沉积相发育规律

塔里木盆地轮南周缘地区奥陶系发育良好,主要由海相碳酸盐岩和陆源碎屑岩组成。沉积相分析表明,中下奥陶统鹰山组为区域性的开阔台地相台内滩夹滩间海沉积,中奥陶统一间房组为区域性的海水变浅的开阔台地浅滩夹点礁沉积,上奥陶统吐木休克组发育沉没台地－斜坡相,上奥陶统良里塔格组是在晚奥陶世海侵背景下碳酸盐岩台地边缘－斜坡相的沉积产物。研究区奥陶系发育两期礁滩体,第一期礁滩体发育于中奥陶统一间房组,第二期礁滩体发育于上奥陶统良里塔格组上部,两期礁滩体的发育环境和分布范围各具特色。奥陶系碳酸盐岩沉积相带总体上呈近南北向展布,各相带在近东西方向上错落有序分布,并且随时间发生明显的侧向迁移。     

New knowledge of the Upper Triassic in Liupanshan Basin, Ningxia, China

Based upon the new data of spore-pollen, plant and bivalve fossils, the coal-bearing strata in the Liupanshan Basin, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Northwest China, which were formerly assigned to the Middle Jurassic Yan’an Formation, are divided into two parts in the present study. The major part is assigned to the Upper Triassic and the overlying part remains in the Jurassic. The new division is of significance to the oil-gas exploration of the basin and the interpretation of the sedimentary and tectonic history and the geographic environment of Liupanshan area during the early Mesozoic.     

中元古代长城纪遗迹化石在宁夏贺兰山的发现

简要报道了宁夏贺兰山中元古界长城系黄旗口组中发现的遗迹化石,并与有关非生物沉积构造进行了对比讨论。这些遗迹化石的发现,为研究后生动物起源及其演化提供了新的佐证。