All-inorganic quantum-dot light-emitting-diodes with vertical nickel oxide nanosheets as hole transport layer

All-inorganic quantum dot light emitting diodes (QLEDs) have gained great attention as a result of their high stability under oxygen-rich, humid and high current working conditions. In this work, we have fabricated an all-inorganic QLED device (FTO/NiO/QDs/AZO/Ag) with sandwich-structure, wherein the inorganic metal oxides thin films of NiO and AZO were employed as hole and electron transport layers, respectively. The porous NiO layer with vertical lamellar nanosheets interconnected microstructure have been directly synthesized on the substrate of conductive FTO glass and increased the wettability of CdSe@ZnS QDs, which result in an enhancement of current transport performance of the QLED.     

半导体纳米材料CdSe/ZnS在显示器件中的应用

以半导体纳米材料CdSe/ZnS作为发光层, ZnO作为电子传输层, 用Al和氧化铟锡（ITO）分别作为两极材料, 采用旋涂和真空蒸镀膜技术制备半导体发光二极管, 并对其光学性质进行表征. 结果表明: 该器件发射黄光, 峰位为575 nm, 半峰宽30 nm, 最大发光强度2 000 cd/m²; 在较高的电流密度下, 该器件的电致发光效率无
明显衰减; 当半导体纳米材料CdSe/ZnS及ZnO分别作为发光层和电子传输层时, 可制备具有高电流密度且稳定的发光二极管主体材料.     

基于无机p型NiO缓冲层的钙钛矿发光二极管发光特性研究

【目的】研究如何提高溴基钙钛矿(CH3NH3PbBr3)发光二极管的发光亮度。【方法】通过在氧化铟锡(ITO)玻璃基底上引入无机p型NiO缓冲层与有机聚合物聚(3,4-亚乙二氧基噻吩)-聚(苯乙烯磺酸)(PEDOT∶PSS)形成有机/无机杂化空穴传输层,提高空穴注入效率,降低电子溢出。【结果】引入无机p型NiO缓冲层形成有机/无机杂化空穴传输层后,发光二极管的发光亮度提高了约1倍。【结论】该方法不仅可降低PEDOT∶PSS对ITO基底的腐蚀,还能显著提高空穴注入效率,提高发光二极管的发光亮度。     

空穴阻挡层BCP对掺杂型有机发光二极管中磁电导效应的影响

通过在器件复合发光区附近插入空穴阻挡层BCP,制备了一种具有非平衡传输性能的荧光染料掺杂型发光二极管,其结构为ITO／CuPc／NPB／NPB：DCM（5wt％）／BCP／Alq3／LiF／Al,并在不同温度和电压下测量了器件的注入电流随外加磁场的变化（即磁电导效应）．实验结果表现为：当磁场处在0～40mT时,该非平衡发光器件的磁电导随磁场的增加而迅速增大（即表现为快变的正磁电导效应）．这一实验现象与具有相对平衡传输性能的发光器件中所观测到的磁电导效应一致;当磁场大于40mT时,非平衡发光器件的磁电导随磁场的进一步增加表现为缓慢下降（即缓变的负磁电导效应成分）,而平衡器件的磁电导则变为继续缓慢增加（即为缓变的正磁电导效应）．本文对非平衡传输掺杂型发光器件的体系特征进行了讨论,并基于三重态激子-电荷（T-Q）反应受外加磁场的影响对上述实验现象进行了定性解释．     

LiF用作阴极注入层的有机发光二极管制备

使用真空热蒸发方法,制备了结构为ITO/TPD/Alq3/LiF/Al的有机发光二极管,其中LiF用作阴极注入层,LiF超薄层的加入,增强了电子注入,降低了启亮电压,提高了器件的发光效率和亮度. 实验结果表明:当加入LiF层的厚度为0.5 nm时,器件性能的改善最好,和不含LiF的器件相比,启亮电压由原来的9 V降低到5 V,效率由1.5 cd/A增加到3.3 cd/A,提高了近1倍,然而随着加入LiF层厚度的增加,器件性能的改善效果降低.     

The effect of multi-quantum barrier structure on light-emitting diodes performance by a non-isothermal model

A multi-quantum barrier structure is employed as the electron blocking layer of light-emitting diodes to enhance their performance.Using the non-isothermal multi-physics-field coupling model,the internal quantum efficiency,internal heat source characteristics,spectrum characteristics,and photoelectric conversion efficiency of light-emitting diodes are analyzed systematically.The simulation results show that:introducing multi-quantum barrier electron blocking layer structure significantly increases the internal quantum efficiency and photoelectric conversion efficiency of light-emitting diodes and the intensity of spectrum,and strongly ensures the thermal and light output stability of light-emitting diodes.These results are attributed to the modified energy band diagrams of the electron blocking layer which are responsible for the decreased electron leakage and enhanced carrier concentration in the active region.     

利用有源层掺杂提高有机发光

通过对电子传输层和空穴传输层的共同掺杂，达到提高有机发光二极管（DLED）电流效率的目的。与常规的在电子传输层中掺杂有机染料的掺杂器件相比，本实验是在Alq(电子传输层材料）与NPB（空穴传输层材料）形成的均匀互掺有源层中，再掺杂染料Rubrene。此种结构，其有源层能有效地限载流子而增加电子和空穴载流子相遇的几率，进而提高复合效率，使电流效率明显提高。同时，有源层的连续生长避免了有机层间界面的形成，改善了器件的稳定性。比较此结构器件与常规掺杂器件的特性，并对其发射机理进行讨论。     

Self-heating dependent characteristic of GaN-based light-emitting diodes with and without AlGaInN electron blocking layer

In this study, GaN-based light-emitting diodes （LEDs） with and without A1GaInN electron blocking layer （EBL） under self-heating effect are numerically studied. The energy band diagram, carrier transport and distribution characteristics, internal Joule heat and non-radiative recombination heat characteristics, and internal quantum efficiency are investigated. The effect of Auger recombination coefficient on efficiency droop under self-heating effect is also studied. The simulation results show that efficiency droop is markedly improved when an AlGaInN EBL is placed between p-type GaN layer and active region. However, the chip temperature of LED is significantly increased simultaneously. The results also indicate that Auger recombination can be neglected because it is not the major contributor for the internal heat source. The efficiency droop is unrelated to the internal heat source. However, both electron leakage and Auger recombination play important roles in efficiency droop mechanism under self-heating effect.     

具有聚集诱导发光性能的四苯乙烯酰胺衍生物的合成与性能研究

文章将四苯乙烯基与己氧基苯通过酰胺键连接起来,合成了四苯乙烯酰胺衍生物。主要利用紫外-可见吸收光谱仪、荧光光谱仪、热重分析仪、示差扫描量热仪、扫描电镜、热台偏光显微镜等表征手段对该衍生物的光物理性能、热性能、聚集诱导发光性能和自组装行为进行了研究。研究结果表明,所合成的化合物在紫外光激发下发射强烈的蓝色荧光;其热失重温度达到359℃,显示出较高的热稳定性;化合物样品在熔融和冷却过程中均能观察到明显的液晶织构,说明其具有明显的液晶性;化合物分子在不同的溶剂组成中可自组装形成棒状或球状形貌不同的聚集体结构。     

具有异质结的聚合物有机薄膜电致发光器件

本文报道了由一层电子传输材料ＰＰＱ和一层空穴传输材料ＰＤＤＯＰＶ构成的有机聚合物异常结发光二极管的实验结果。虽然双层器件的点亮电压高于由纯ＰＤＤＯＰＶ构成的单层器件,但是它在一定电压下,电流密度降低了一个数量级,而亮度却提高了近两个数量级。     

Improving the performance of doped pi-conjugated polymers for use in organic light-emitting diodes

Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) represent a promising technology for large, flexible, lightweight, flat-panel displays. Such devices consist of one or several semiconducting organic layer(s) sandwiched between two electrodes. When an electric field is applied, electrons are injected by the cathode into the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of the adjacent molecules (simultaneously, holes are injected by the anode into the highest occupied molecular orbital). The two types of carriers migrate towards each other and a fraction of them recombine to form excitons, some of which decay radiatively to the ground state by spontaneous emission. Doped pi-conjugated polymer layers improve the injection of holes in OLED devices; this is thought to result from the more favourable work function of these injection layers compared with the more commonly used layer material (indium tin oxide). Here we demonstrate that by increasing the doping level of such polymers, the barrier to hole injection can be continuously reduced. The use of combinatorial devices allows us to quickly screen for the optimum doping level. We apply this concept in OLED devices with hole-limited electroluminescence (such as polyfluorene-based systems), finding that it is possible to significantly reduce the operating voltage while improving the light output and efficiency.     

石墨烯在光电器件中的应用

 讨论了近年来石墨烯在太阳能电池、有机发光二极管以及场致发射器件方面的应用研究。石墨烯是碳的同素异形体的一种,是二维的薄膜材料,具有独特的导电特性及机械弯曲性能,可以作为太阳能电池、有机发光器件的柔性电极;石墨烯与有机聚合物材料复合可以形成大的给体受体界面,有利于太阳能电池中激子的扩散速率、载流子迁移率的提高,可以作为有机太阳能电池的电子受体材料;石墨烯具有一维尖锐的刀口状边缘,具有大的电场增强系数,同时由于石墨烯自身的良好导电能力,可以作为场致发射器件中的电子传导与电场发射材料。石墨烯在光电器件中应用的深入研究有望突破目前光电技术的发展瓶颈,是一个极具前景的新研究领域。     

聚合物发光二极管的研究进展

对共轭聚合物中进行电运输及电致发光器件－聚合物发光二极管的研究进展进行了综述。     

Recent development of organic electron transport materials

This article reviews the recent development of organic electron transport materials applied in the fields of organic photoconductors, light-emitting diodes, field-effect transistors and solar cells. Several technologies for charge carrier mobility measurement are summarized and compared, and a series of basic principles for designing high-performance organic electron transport materials are suggested as well.     

蓝色有机薄膜电致发光材料LiBq4

合成了一种新型的金属有机螯合物ＬｉＢｑ４（Ｌｉｔｈｉｕｍ ｔｅｔｒａ－（８－ｈｙｄｒｏｘｙ－ｑｕｉｎｏｌｉｎａｔｏ）ｂｏｒｏｎ）,并研究了其光致发光（ＰＬ）和电致发光（ＥＬ）的性质,在以ＬｉＢｑ４为发光层的三层结构器件ＩＴＯ／ＴＰＰ（５０ｎｍ）／ＬｉＢｑ４（５０ｎｍ）／ＡｌＱ（５ｎｍ）／Ａｌ中得到了蓝色发光。     

ZnO/Cs2CO3双电子传输层有机太阳能电池

有机太阳能电池的异质结界面是影响其性能的一个重要因素.以氧化锌/碳酸铯作为双电子传输层,改善电子传输层与活性层的界面接触并提高电子传输能力.利用溶胶-凝胶法制备OSCs器件,通过优化的双电子传输层,使基于PTB7-Th:PC₇₁BM的OSCs器件的最高效率达到了8.08%,其相较于ZnO电子传输层器件提高了10.68%.实验表明,由于ZnO/Cs₂CO₃ ETLs具有最佳的表面形貌和光吸收,其填充因子、短路电流密度和电子迁移率都显著提升.这种ZnO/Cs₂CO₃双电子传输层为OSCs性能改善提供了新的思路.     

单层有机发光二极管中电场与载流子密度的分布

建立了单层 (有机发光二极管 )中载流子注入、输运和复合的理论模型 ,通过求解非线性Painleve方程得到了电场强度随坐标变化的解析函数关系式 ,计算并讨论了载流子迁移率对电场强度、载流子密度等的影响。结果表明 :空间电荷分布不均匀造成了电场强度的不均匀分布。当在器件中占主导地位的载流子具有较低的迁移率或少数载流子具有较高的迁移率时 ,有利于载流子的输运与复合 ,发光性能可得到较大提高。     

单分子二极管整流特性的第一性原理计算

在分子电子学领域中, 设计分子的结构可以实现特定的功能. 单分子二极管的整流行为是极具吸引力的器件功能之一. 研究了对称分子和非对称分子结的电子输运, 分别对应为四苯基和二嘧啶基二苯基单分子结, 二者均是共价结合到两金属电极. 与其同源对称嵌段相比, 非对称二嵌段分子表现出明显的整流行为, 且电子输运方向是从二苯基流向二嘧啶基. 利用密度泛函理论(density functional theory, DFT)和非平衡格林函数(non-equilibrium Green's function, NEGF)结合的第一性原理方法研究了单分子结的电子结构及其量子输运. 电流-电压 ($I$-$V$)曲线的非对称性可以用非对称分子二嵌段在偏压下由于电子态的局域性带来的非平衡效应进行解释. 本理论计算定性上符合其他小组的实验结果, 且尝试了不同的末端接触. 结果发现, 实验中的扫描隧道显微镜(scanning tunneling microscope, STM)针尖接触结构会一定程度地抵消非对称分子的整流效应, 而 STM 针尖接触结构的结果分析也符合之前的理论预测.     

钙钛矿太阳能电池中电子传输层研究进展

近年来钙钛矿太阳能电池发展迅速,电子传输层在传输电子和阻挡空穴等方面起着重要作用,是钙钛矿太阳能电池效率提高的保障.文章从电子传输层的工作机理出发,介绍了目前常见的金属氧化物和有机分子材料作为电子传输材料的相关研究进展,综述了针对电子传输层的离子掺杂、界面修饰、纳米结构调整等方面的研究工作,对电子传输层今后的研究趋势进行展望.     

有机薄膜器件中Tb~（3＋）的电致发光

研制了用有机材料Ｔｂ（ＡｃＡ）３·ｐｈｅｎ做发射层的绿色发光二极管，二层结构为玻璃衬底ＩＴＯ／芳香族二胺类衍生物ＴＰＤ／Ｔｂ（ＡｃＡ）３·ｐｈｅｎ／Ａｌ．各功能层均用真空热蒸发的方法制备．在正向直流偏压驱动下获得了Ｔｂ（３＋）的特征发光，同时还发现一个峰位４２５ｎｍ的蓝光发射，它来源于空穴输运层ＴＰＤ．在室温条件下器件的阈值电压为５Ｖ，当驱动电压提高到１５Ｖ时，器件的最高发光亮度达到２００ｃｄ／ｍ２．讨论了器件的有机电致发光与各功能层膜厚及驱动电压的关系，同时发现有机材料Ｔｂ（ＡｃＡ）３·ｐｈｅｎ能够传输电子．探讨了有关稀土有机电致发光的发光机理等．