纸浆浓度及分批补料对里氏木霉产纤维素酶的影响

研究了摇瓶中不同浓度纸浆为碳源对里氏木霉产纤维素酶的影响.结果表明:最佳的碳源质量浓度为12g/L,在此条件下第3天的滤纸酶活、CMC酶活和β-葡萄糖苷酶酶活分别为1.68、0.96和0.28U/mL.总碳源为15g/L下采用分批补料技术可以有效提高里氏木霉分泌纤维素酶.使用起始纸浆浓度为9g/L,第2、3、4天分别加入2g/L纸浆,其第3天的滤纸酶活、CMC酶活和β-葡萄糖苷酶酶活分别为2.41、0.72和0.27U/mL,较15g/L纸浆为碳源分批培养滤纸酶活提高1.8倍.     

添加外源物对蒸汽爆破玉米秸秆酶水解性能的影响

研究了8种添加物辅助单、双酶水解蒸汽爆破玉米秸秆的效果和规律。结果表明,在8种外源物中,添加Tween-80对β-葡萄糖苷酶和纤维素酶水解的促进作用最佳,可显著提高酶水解得率和酶活的稳定性。在底物纤维素质量浓度为50 g/L、纤维素酶用量为15.0μmol/(min.g)、β-葡萄糖苷酶用量为30.0μmol/(min.g)的条件下,添加4.0 g/L Tween-80反应48 h,纤维素水解生成葡萄糖和总还原糖的酶解得率分别达到86.85%和93.45%,较空白对照分别提高了7.34%和9.59%,其中可发酵性葡萄糖占总还原糖的92.94%。进一步考察该酶解条件下的蛋白质和酶活回收率,结果表明:添加Tween-80后可溶性总蛋白质的回收率提高了56.83%,β-葡萄糖苷酶和纤维素酶酶活回收率分别提高了16.87%和40.04%。     

L-肾上腺素对侧耳的生理效应

以侧耳(Pleurotus SP.)8405为实验菌株,研究了 L-肾上腺素对菌丝生长、子实体形成及多酚氧化酶、纤维素酶和呼吸强度的影响.实验结果表明:当培养基中 L-肾上腺素的浓度为5.5×10~(-7)～5.5×10~(-5)mol/L 时,侧耳8405菌丝生长快、生物学效率高,原基形成早,子实体数目和鲜重增加.当浓度为5.5×10~(-4)mol/L 时,对菌丝生长和子实体形成则有抑制作用.L-肾上腺素促进侧耳生长发育的效应同胞外多酚氧化酶、纤维素酶和呼吸强度之间有一定的联系.     

纤维素酶降解壳聚糖的研究

通过测定溶液的粘度和还原糖浓度 ,探讨了温度、 p H值、反应时间、底物浓度、金属离子及壳聚糖的脱乙酰度对酶反应的影响 .结果表明 ,纤维素酶能很容易地降解壳聚糖 ,在 2 h内壳聚糖溶液粘度下降了 93 %.其催化特点是 :最适宜温度为 3 0～ 40℃ ,最适宜 p H值为 5 .0～ 6.0 ,米氏常数 Km=9.4× 1 0 -2 g/L,金属离子 Na+ ,Fe2 +对酶活性无影响 ;而 Zn2 + ,Mg2 + ,Cu2 + ,Li+ ,K+抑制酶活性 .当酶量与底物量达到1 5 mg/g时可达到最大反应速度 ;壳聚糖的脱乙酰度在 80 %～ 90 %时酶催化反应速度较快 .     

Pb(Ⅱ)和Cd(Ⅱ)在长根菇菌丝体中的富集及其对SOD、CAT酶活的影响

以长根菇菌丝体为材料,测定其对Pb(Ⅱ)和Cd(Ⅱ)的富集能力,以及不同浓度的Pb(Ⅱ)和Cd(Ⅱ)对菌丝体超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）酶活的影响.研究发现：低浓度Pb(Ⅱ)（100mg/L）明显刺激长根菇菌丝体的生长,而高浓度的Pb(Ⅱ)和Cd(Ⅱ)则抑制其生长;Pb(Ⅱ)和Cd(Ⅱ)的浓度越大,菌丝体对其富集能力越强,其最大富集量可分别达1.2132×104 mg/kg（Pb(Ⅱ)）和1.99872×103 mg/kg（Cd(Ⅱ)）.此外,研究还发现,Pb(Ⅱ)和Cd(Ⅱ)可提高菌丝抗氧化酶的活性,其CAT酶活可分别提高至1.131 U/g（Pb(Ⅱ),100 mg/L）和2.263 U/g（Cd(Ⅱ),1 mg/L）;其SOD酶活可分别提高至13.976 U/g（Pb(Ⅱ),200 mg/L）和14.668 U/g（Cd(Ⅱ),2 mg/L）.     

苦瓜茎叶总皂甙的提取及抗HSV-Ⅱ型疱疹病毒作用研究

从苦瓜茎叶提取总皂甙并经体外细胞试验表明:总皂甙在浓度为0.005×10-6～500×10-6g/mL时无细胞毒性;在浓度达62.5×10-6g/mL水平时就表现有一定的抗HSV Ⅱ病毒活性.     

苦瓜过氧化物酶的提取分离及性质测定

从苦瓜(Momordica charantia L.)中分离和纯化过氧化物酶(POD),分别测定其最适pH值、最适温度、热稳定性、底物浓度对酶活性的影响。结果表明:苦瓜过氧化物酶以邻苯二胺为底物时λmax=425nm,Km=4.6×10-3,Vmax=0.137unit/s,最适pH值为4.6,最适温度是50℃。在温度为50℃时过氧化物酶的酶活力最大,酶活性较高。在温度为60℃以上时过氧化物酶的失活率升高,在温度为70℃以上时过氧化物酶基本失活。抗坏血酸和半胱胺酸对过氧化物酶有明显的抑制作用,其失活率分别达到94%和92%;Al3 的抑制作用稍弱,过氧化物酶的失活率为69%;EDTA的抑制效果最不明显,过氧化物酶的失活率仅为13%。     

生物传感器用于葡萄酒中葡萄糖含量测定的研究

将葡萄糖氧化酶(GOD)固定再生丝素蛋白在中,制得葡萄糖氧化酶传感器。该传感器在pH=7.0的磷酸缓冲溶液中,葡萄糖浓度在1.0×10-4 —2.5×10-3mol/L范围内呈良好线性关系。检测限5.0×10-5 mol/L,响应时间1分钟。该传感器用于葡萄酒中葡萄糖含量的测定,与酶-比色法测得结果一致。     

基于二级酶失活模型的纤维素酶反应动力学

 酶催化、失活机制的模糊以及影响异相体系因素的大量存在,使得纤维素水解的酶催化过程高度复杂,很难为之建立机理模型。假定纤维素酶失活模型为二级反应,由准稳态理论推导出最终产物葡萄糖浓度与时间,初始酶浓度关系的半经验半理论模型。该模型只含两个参数,能对试验数据很好的拟合,相关系数R2均在0.98以上。用Bailey改进的米式方程进一步拟合不同初始酶浓度下的初速度关系,相关系数R2=0.9773,求得最大反应速度为2.7425 g/(L·h),半饱和常数为3.010 6 g/L。该模型还表明酶失活速率常数随着初始酶浓度的增加而减小,呈线性关系。失活速度随着初始酶浓度的增加而增加。     

利用曲霉sp.HX-1发酵稻草秸秆制备纤维素酶

以稻草秸秆原料,利用曲霉sp.HX-1固态发酵生产纤维素酶,研究了不同发酵时间、不同氮源和氮源浓度对曲霉sp.HX-1纤维素酶系的影响,并最终用硫酸铵分级沉淀和低温冷冻干燥的方法得到混合纤维素酶干品.结果表明,发酵6 d后稻草秸秆产生的纤维素酶活力单位最大,分别为CMC酶307 U/mL,C1酶841 U/mL、β-葡萄糖苷酶205 U/mL.以不同氮源优化发酵条件时发现,NH4NO3质量浓度为1 g/L时CMC酶活力达到1 652 U/mL,且失重率也到达最大值17.42%;NH4Cl质量浓度为0.5 g/L时,C1酶活力达到1 807 U/mL;尿素（UREA）质量浓度为2.0 g/L时,β-葡萄糖苷酶活力为2 033 U/mL,这表明氮源对曲霉sp.HX-1纤维素酶系的影响很大.最后在NH4NO3质量浓度为1.0 g/L的条件下,将120 g稻草秸秆发酵6 d,从发酵液中提取得到8.851 7 g混合纤维素酶的干品.此实验为以后探讨碳源或者其他因素的影响提供方法借鉴,也可以为获得纤维素酶混合酶干品的获得提供参考方法.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with