介观尺度超导体的超导电性

在 Ginzburg-Landau 理论框架内,发展了一种解析的处理方法研究了介观超导体的超导电性。     

涡旋态参与的约瑟夫森效应

报道一种新的约瑟夫森效应—涡旋态参与的约瑟夫森效应。在这种效应中,涡旋束缚态和Andreev态的干涉效应导致了约瑟夫森超流的台阶状演化,并且台阶数目等于有效导电通道数目。     

涡旋压缩机通用涡旋型线泛函集成研究

研究了平面曲线固有弧微分方程理论,利用切向角和曲率半径的固有弧微分方程形式和广义泛函理论,推导出了弧微分方程和笛卡尔坐标之间的变换方法,提出了涡旋型线的渐开特性条件。根据Taylor级数对等思想,建立了涡旋型线的广义泛函集成型线的统一形式,发展并完善了现有涡旋型线通用方程理论,并具体分析推导了4种典型的涡旋型线。突破了涡旋型线数学模型固有特性的限制,提出的表征涡旋型线本质特征的根本因素——涡旋型线的形函数统一形式,为涡旋压缩机型线的设计理论与方法研究拓宽了思路。     

涡旋机械的涡旋体始端型线研究

涡旋机械中涡旋体的始端型线不但影响排气角和压缩过程,而且与涡旋机械的整机性能及涡旋体始端的强度有密切联系．着重分析了圆弧型型线修正问题,包括对称圆弧修正、不对称圆弧修正、对称圆弧加直线修正和不对称圆弧加直线修正,研究了不同修正条件下的排气角．     

涡旋齿数对多齿涡旋压缩机性能的影响

建立适用于任意齿数的多齿涡旋盘通用几何模型,得到压缩机吸气量、压缩比及相对滑动速度等性能参数随涡旋齿数的变化规律,讨论齿厚、齿高和节距等涡旋盘结构参数的制约条件和齿数对涡盘性能的影响,并对圆渐开线与正多边形渐开线作为多涡旋齿齿壁型线的区别进行分析对比.结果表明:与单涡旋齿涡旋压缩机相比,当基圆?膊 半径不变时,多涡旋齿相对滑动速度明显减小;当节距不变时,多涡旋齿吸气量明显增加;多齿涡旋压缩机可同时提高排气量、减小压缩机外形尺寸和摩擦损失,更适用于较大吸气量的应用场合.     

涡旋压缩机研究概述

涡旋压缩机不仅可以成为制冷和空调系统的新型主机,还能压缩气体和泵送液体,特点是高效,个小,轻便,低振动,高精度加工等,是一种提高我国压缩机整体水平的关键技术。想要实现涡旋压缩机应用范围的扩大,可以进一步深入探讨和研究其关键技术。     

BCS机制下各向异性超导体的涡旋格子

基于由扩展的BCS理论所得到的各向异性非均匀系的完整GL方程，用尺度变换方法给出在新尺度系统挡磁场H→HC2时类同的各向同性非线性GL方程．在稳定的三角涡旋格子形态下又变换到原尺度系统的形态，在不同条件下呈现平行四边形、三角形、长方形、正方形、菱形和链状等形态，这些形态在实验上均被观察到．     

二维Josephson结阵列超导的涡旋Nernst效应

借助于与时间相关的Gintzburg-Landau动力学,数值计算了二维Josephson结阵列的Nernst信号,获得了Nemst信号随温度及磁场变化的规律．在超导转变温度以上发现了较大的Nernst信号．而对于固定的温度而言,Nernst信号则随外加磁场的升高呈现出非单调变化的行为．本研究获得的数值模拟结果与一些铜氧化物高温超导体的实验结果在定性上吻合．     

地形对涡旋Rossby波影响的研究

用一个高分辨率的准地转正压模式,分析了中尺度理想地形面上空涡旋Rossby波(VRW)的传播问题.指出,地形对VRW的传播速度,台风中心位置及台风内区的非对称结构均构成影响.据此,提出了地形涡旋Rossby波的新概念.与无地形试验相比,南(北)坡地形条件下,台风中心向偏西南(东北)方向移动.南坡、北坡地形VRW引起的台风内区非对称结构的特征正好相反,形成了两类截然不同的内区非对称结构.     

Resolving photon number states in a superconducting circuit

Electromagnetic signals are always composed of photons, although in the circuit domain those signals are carried as voltages and currents on wires, and the discreteness of the photon's energy is usually not evident. However, by coupling a superconducting quantum bit (qubit) to signals on a microwave transmission line, it is possible to construct an integrated circuit in which the presence or absence of even a single photon can have a dramatic effect. Such a system can be described by circuit quantum electrodynamics (QED)-the circuit equivalent of cavity QED, where photons interact with atoms or quantum dots. Previously, circuit QED devices were shown to reach the resonant strong coupling regime, where a single qubit could absorb and re-emit a single photon many times. Here we report a circuit QED experiment in the strong dispersive limit, a new regime where a single photon has a large effect on the qubit without ever being absorbed. The hallmark of this strong dispersive regime is that the qubit transition energy can be resolved into a separate spectral line for each photon number state of the microwave field. The strength of each line is a measure of the probability of finding the corresponding photon number in the cavity. This effect is used to distinguish between coherent and thermal fields, and could be used to create a photon statistics analyser. As no photons are absorbed by this process, it should be possible to generate non-classical states of light by measurement and perform qubit-photon conditional logic, the basis of a logic bus for a quantum computer.     

Generation of Fock states in a superconducting quantum circuit

Spin systems and harmonic oscillators comprise two archetypes in quantum mechanics. The spin-1/2 system, with two quantum energy levels, is essentially the most nonlinear system found in nature, whereas the harmonic oscillator represents the most linear, with an infinite number of evenly spaced quantum levels. A significant difference between these systems is that a two-level spin can be prepared in an arbitrary quantum state using classical excitations, whereas classical excitations applied to an oscillator generate a coherent state, nearly indistinguishable from a classical state. Quantum behaviour in an oscillator is most obvious in Fock states, which are states with specific numbers of energy quanta, but such states are hard to create. Here we demonstrate the controlled generation of multi-photon Fock states in a solid-state system. We use a superconducting phase qubit, which is a close approximation to a two-level spin system, coupled to a microwave resonator, which acts as a harmonic oscillator, to prepare and analyse pure Fock states with up to six photons. We contrast the Fock states with coherent states generated using classical pulses applied directly to the resonator.     

激发相干态下电感电容耦合介观电路的量子效应

通过量子化无耦电感电容耦合介观电路,研究了激发相干态下介观电路的量子效应,结果表明,每一回路中电荷、电流的平均值和方均值皆不为零,为回路存在相互关联的量子噪音,且它们决定于相干态、粒子数态参数以及电路参量。     

Generation of three-qubit entangled states using superconducting phase qubits

Entanglement is one of the key resources required for quantum computation, so the experimental creation and measurement of entangled states is of crucial importance for various physical implementations of quantum computers. In superconducting devices, two-qubit entangled states have been demonstrated and used to show violations of Bell's inequality and to implement simple quantum algorithms. Unlike the two-qubit case, where all maximally entangled two-qubit states are equivalent up to local changes of basis, three qubits can be entangled in two fundamentally different ways. These are typified by the states |GHZ>= (|000+?|111>)/ sqrt [2] and |W>= (|001>?+?|010>?+?|100>)/ sqrt [3]. Here we demonstrate the operation of three coupled superconducting phase qubits and use them to create and measure |GHZ> and |W>states. The states are fully characterized using quantum state tomography and are shown to satisfy entanglement witnesses, confirming that they are indeed examples of three-qubit entanglement and are not separable into mixtures of two-qubit entanglement.     

交通状况对出租车运行区域的影响研究

针对大中城市高峰期间打车难的现象,利用出租车GPS数据,提出了一种量化研究出租车逃离城市拥堵区域的方法。首先采用射线法进行地图匹配,将中心城区路网划分为多个研究区域,利用出租车GPS数据来统计各区域每5分钟内的累计车辆频数;再利用不同区域间的累计车辆频数比值来描述区域间出租车的流动情况。研究结果表明,出租车在高峰期间存在逃离交通拥堵区域的现象,并且发现出租车逃离拥堵区域的时段相对于社会车辆的高峰期滞后0.5~1.0 h。该研究成果对于掌握出租车运行特性和出租车管理具有一定的借鉴价值。     

二维浅水流动的涡运动学特性及动力学特征

建立了二维浅水流动的旋涡诱导速度公式，在已知旋涡场和胀量场时，由该表达式可确定流动速度场，对比分析了二维浅水流动中的涡运动与可压缩流动中涡运动的异同点。     

河道交汇区涡旋结构研究

利用粒子图像测速技术(PIV)实现了基于涡量的剪切层和分离区位置的精确确定,同时对汇流区水平面内的涡旋结构进行系统观测和分析。研究发现:剪切层和分离区近水面和近底面水深平面的涡旋密度大,水深中部的涡旋密度小;支流流量增大的情况下涡旋密度均增大。槽底壁面湍流是近底面涡旋密度大的主要原因。剪切层由水流剪切产生的剪切涡以小旋转强度涡旋为主,分离区由水流分离产生的分离涡以中等及小旋转强度涡旋为主。     

驻涡燃烧室内涡系分布研究

为清晰了解驻涡燃烧室内流场的涡系分布,对中心驻体为67%燃烧室当量宽度的驻涡燃烧室流场,在驻涡腔无喷射和有喷射两种状况下分别进行冷态数值模拟,详细研究流场内旋涡分布情况.结果表明:流道前部存在4个影响很小、沿流动方向运动、分布于驻体与端壁角区的螺旋状旋涡;流道后部存在1个由2个旋涡构成、面积较大的回流区;流道中部的驻涡区旋涡情况复杂,在驻涡腔无喷射情况下,主流与驻涡区之间悬挂驻留2个稳定的驻涡,驻涡腔内存在不稳定且数目不确定的旋涡;当驻涡腔前驻体有喷射存在时,驻涡腔内形成4个均匀且稳定的旋涡.     

进气温度及冷流率对涡流管制冷性能的影响

采用基于实际生产应用的涡流管模型,以空气为介质,模拟分析了不同进气温度和冷流率对涡流管制冷性能的影响,结果表明：冷流率一定时,涡流管的冷端出口温度、热端出口温度、制冷温度效应及单位制冷量均随进气温度的升高而增大,而制冷效率基本不受温度影响;在相同进气温度下,涡流管的制冷温度效应、单位制冷量及制冷效率都随冷流率的增大呈先增大后减小的趋势;存在一个最佳冷流率范围使得制冷温度效应、单位制冷量、制冷效率最大,但它们各自的最佳冷流率范围不同。     

涡量控制对自主推进俯仰振荡翼型推进效率的影响

用自适应多重网格法和浸没边界法对俯仰振荡翼型的自主推进进行了数值模拟.在研究翼型原地摆动和自主推进的基础上,提出了一种确定俯仰振荡翼型推力的新方法,在得到推进效率与斯特劳哈尔(Strouhal)数关系的同时,还得到了斯特劳哈尔数与雷诺数之间的关系.通过分析不同推进效率下涡量场的演化规律发现,当尾迹中有正负涡抵消时,推进效率就会降低;反之,若出现同号涡的合并时,推进效率就会提高,从而说明涡量控制过程对推进效率的影响起着决定性的作用.