十六烷基二苯醚双磺酸钠的合成

以α-十六烯、二苯醚在催化剂的作用下合成十六烷基二苯醚,再采用氨基磺酸作为磺化剂,尿素为助溶剂成功合成了十六烷基二苯醚双磺酸钠,对合成过程中烷基化与磺化反应的工艺条件进行了优化。烷基化的最佳反应条件为:n(α-十六烯):n(二苯醚)=1:1,反应温度为80℃,反应时间为6h,烷基化的产率可达85.42%。磺化的最佳反应条件为:n(烷基二苯醚):n(氨基磺酸)=1:4,反应温度为95℃,反应时间为2h,磺酸基数目为1.84。     

乙二醇双硬脂酸酯双磺酸钠的合成及结构表征

运用两步法与正交试验法得出乙二醇双硬脂酸酯双磺酸钠合成的优化反应条件.磺化的工艺条件:n(硬脂酸):n(氯磺酸)=1:1.1,磺化温度90℃,时间7h;酯化反应较佳的工艺条件为:n(中间体):n(乙二醇)=2.5:1.0,酯化温度130℃,时间10h.中间体α-磺酸硬脂酸和目标产物乙二醇双硬脂酸酯双磺酸钠,均由红外光谱印证结构.     

一种糠醛型季铵盐的合成

采用糠醛、正丁胺及卤代烷为原料合成单长链糠醛型季铵盐N-甲基-N-丁基-N-十二烷基-2-呋喃-亚甲基碘化铵,考察了反应时间、物料配比和温度等因素对反应的影响.结果表明N-丁基-2-呋喃-亚胺、N-丁基-N-2-呋喃-亚甲基胺以及N-丁基-N-十二烷基-N-2-呋喃-亚甲基胺的最佳合成条件分别为:反应时间4h,n(糠醛)∶n(正丁胺)=1∶2,反应温度60℃;反应时间4h,n(亚胺)∶n(硼氢化钠)=1∶2.5,温度0～5℃;反应时间16h,n(N-丁基-N-2-呋喃-亚甲基胺)∶n(溴代十二烷)=1∶1.1,反应温度为80 ℃.质谱证实了产品结构,经两相滴定法测得活性物含量为95.1％;产品的cmc为0.000 2moL/L,γcmc为33.93 mN/m,表面活性较好.     

水溶性meso-四(4-氯-3-磺酸钠苯基)卟啉合成的改进

以非水溶性卟啉为原料合成水溶性卟啉meso-四(4-氯-3-磺酸钠苯基)卟啉,氯仿作溶剂,氯磺酸作为磺化试剂,与meso-四(4-氯苯基)卟啉反应,并确定其最佳反应条件为n(卟啉):n(氯磺酸)=1.33:29.80,氯仿15 mL,温度60 ℃,反应时间2 h.该法较传统磺化方法反应温度低60～80 ℃且易于控制,不产生粘稠状的副产物,产物易于分离纯化,产率达11.4 %.     

α-蒎烯-马来酰胺基乙醇非离子表面活性剂的合成

在无催化剂的条件下,用α-蒎烯-马来酸酐加成物与二乙醇胺反应合成α-蒎烯-马来酰胺基乙醇非离子表面活性剂,较佳的工艺条件为n(α-蒎烯-马来酸酐)∶n(二乙醇胺)=1∶2.2,反应温度140℃,反应时间4 h,收率达81%以上.用IR、TLC、MS1、H NMR等多种方法对产物进行分析和表征,并测得产物的临界胶束浓度(CMC)为0.03 mol/L,此时的表面张力σ为32.0 mN/m.     

3,6-位不对称二取代咔唑衍生物的合成研究

以咔唑为主要合成原料,通过N-烷基化、付克酰基化、硝化以及付克烷基化等反应合成了两个结构新颖的3,6-位不对称二取代咔唑衍生物.探讨了原料摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应温度及反应时间等因素对反应的影响,得到最佳反应条件:(1)傅克酰基化反应:n(N-乙基咔唑)∶n(三氯化铝)∶n(乙酰氯)=1∶1.2∶1.5,反应温度室温,反应时间4 h,产品收率82%;(2)硝化反应:n(N-乙基咔唑)∶n(65%硝酸)=1∶1.15,反应温度5~10℃,反应时间2 h,产品收率89%;(3)傅克烷基化反应:n(3-乙酰基-N-乙基咔唑)∶n(氯化锌)∶n(叔丁基氯)=1∶1.5∶1.5,反应温度室温,反应时间12 h,产品收率64%.所得产品结构经FTIR1、H NMR1、3C NMR、及MS表征.     

甲硝唑双季铵盐的合成及杀菌性能研究

以环氧氯丙烷(ECH)、十二烷基二甲基胺(DMA12)、甲硝唑(MDZ)、盐酸(HCl)为原料合成了一种甲硝唑改性双季铵盐,应用正交实验和单因素实验以收率为指标研究了双季铵盐的合成条件,以绝迹稀释法对其杀菌性能进行了评价.结果表明:在反应温度80℃、物质的量比n(ECH)∶n(DMA12)∶n(MDZ)∶n(HCl)=0.5∶1.0∶1.0∶1.0、反应时间12h时,收率达78%.质量浓度为20mg·L-1的目标产物对SRB、TGB的杀菌率均达到100%,杀菌效果显著优于1227.     

2-辛基十二烷基缩水甘油醚的合成

以固体氢氧化钠、格尔伯特二十醇和环氧氯丙烷为原料,采用四丁基溴化铵为相转移催化剂,合成了2-辛基十二烷基缩水甘油醚。讨论了原料摩尔比、四丁基溴化铵的用量、反应温度、反应时间对反应产率的影响。最终确定最佳反应条件是:n(格尔伯特二十醇)∶n(环氧氯丙烷)∶n(固体氢氧化钠)=1.00∶1.15∶1.20;四丁基溴化铵用量为0.05(相对醇的摩尔比);反应温度为50℃;反应时间为4 h。在此条件下可得产率为79.8%的2-辛基十二烷基缩水甘油醚,用盐酸-丙酮法测得其环氧值为0.232。最终产物结构通过红外光谱分析得到证实。     

meso-四(4-甲氧基-3-磺酸钠苯基) 卟啉合成方法的改进

对meso-四(4-甲氧基-3-磺酸钠苯基)卟啉的合成方法进行了改进,并确定了最佳反应条件:n(卟啉):n(氯磺酸)=1.4:29.8,氯仿15mL,温度25℃,反应30min.改进后的方法与文献报道的方法相比,反应温度低55℃且易于控制,磺化试剂用量少,反应时间短,不产生粘稠状的副产物,产物易于分离纯化,产率达98.6%.     

脂肪醇琥珀酸酯磺酸盐的合成及性能

通过正交实验确定脂肪醇琥珀酸酯的合成工艺条件.酯化反应较佳的工艺条件为：n（十二醇）：n（马来酸酐）=2.4：1.0,酯化温度为170℃,时间是2.5 h;磺化的工艺条件：n（酯）：n（亚硫酸氢钠）=1.0：3.0,磺化的温度是85℃,时间是6 h.通过红外光谱分析,确定了产品的化学性能,产物的主要物性为：表面张力、临界胶束浓度、钙皂分散力、乳化性能、润湿力.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that