玉米粉直接发酵生产L－乳酸钙

以米根霉（ＲｈｉｚｏｐｕｓＯｒｙｚａｅ）突变株Ｒ－１８８为菌种，直接用玉米粉为原料，在７００Ｌ发酵罐连续进行四批Ｌ－乳酸钙生产试验．平均发酵单耗为每ｋｇＬ－乳酸钙耗玉粉１．０３ｋｇ；平均产酸０．９５２ｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１，产酸速率为１．１８ｇ·Ｌ－１·ｈ－１．Ｌ－乳酸钙平均提取率为８１．８％．     

麦角隐亭的发酵生产和提取

麦角菌（Ｃｌａｖｉｃｅｐｓｐｕｒｐｕｒｅａ（Ｆｒ．）Ｔｕｌ．ＡＴＣＣ２００１９）发酵生产麦角隐亭．培养时间１～２３ｄ内，产减量逐步增加，第２３ｄ菌丝体和发酵液中的减总量达１９８μｇ／ｍＬ．发酵４～６ｄ，培养基中的无机磷基本耗尽，产减量开始增加．用第４ｄ产碱期菌丝体接种，碱产量从常规接种１１２．５μｇ／ｍＬ增加到１５７．８μｇ／ｍＬ．发酵中期补加磷酸二氢钾，菌丝体生长量略有增加，但抑制麦角隐亭的合成．提取的样品经沉淀反应、薄层层析、红外谱分析，鉴定为α－麦角隐亭的酒石酸盐．     

固定化黑曲霉Ax-6分生孢子生产柠檬酸的研究

用海藻酸钙包埋黑曲霉Ａｘ－６分生孢子制成固定化孢子,在发酵培养基中进行表面培养和间歇式培养生产柠檬酸,固定化孢子在１４％蔗糖为单一碳源的培养基中,ｐＨ为３．８,温度为３５℃下表面培养１３ｄ,柠檬酸产量为６５．５３ｇ．Ｌ＾－１,在相同条件下,间歇式培养３１ｄ,柠檬酸的产量保持在５２．１５－８１．０２ｇ．ｌ＾－１,第２批柠檬酸产量高达８１．０２ｇ．Ｌ＾－１,而游离孢子仅保持发酵１７ｄ。第２批柠檬酸最高     

克鲁维酵母y—85菊粉酶水解菊粉的研究及其中试

克鲁维酵母（Ｋｌｕｖｅｒｏｍｙｃｅｓｓｐ．）Ｙ－８５在菊粉提取液培养基中生长产菊粉酶，其细胞和胞外和炙粉酶活力分别约占菊粉酶总活力的７６％和２４％，试验中以酶发液酶液，该酶的Ｓ／Ｉ值为１５．２酶液在５０，５５与６０℃下保温１ｈ，活力分别残留１００％，９６％和６５％，在８℃下放置７ｄ１４ｄ酶活力分别残留９８％和９６％，在ｐＨ３．６～７．０内，酶活性十发稳定，５ｍｍｏｌＬ－半胱氨酸和Ｆｅ＾＋２分别可使     

固定化混种发酵生产海藻豆乳饮料的研究

以海藻汁液和大豆浆混合液为原料，接种固定化保加利亚乳杆菌于４３℃发酵８ｈ发酵液经过滤后，再接入固定化清酒酵母或产香酵母Ａ－２于２５℃或３０℃下发酵１２ｈ，制成海藻豆乳饮料，经测定该饮料总酸含量为８．２～８．５ｇ／Ｌ，总酯含量为１．６～１．８ｇ／Ｌ，乙醇含量为０．８３％～０．８６％，碘含量为１５～２６μｇ／ｇ。     

银边红雀珊瑚（Pedilanthus tithymaloides（L）Poir．var．cuculatus Hort．）快速繁殖研究

顶芽或腋芽在添加６－苄基氨基嘌呤（６－ＢＡ）３ｐｐｍ和萘乙酸（ＮＡＡ）０．５ｐｐｍ的ＭＳ培养基培养３０ｄ，长４～６ｃｍ，腋芽３～７个。此时，将它们分切成单芽切段，转到添加６－ＢＡ２ｐｐｍ的ＭＳ培养基，继代培养周期２１ｄ，繁殖系数５～８。芽长２～３ｃｍ时用添加吲哚丁酸（ＩＢＡ）１ｐｐｍ的ＭＳ培养基进行生根培养，培养２１ｄ，生根率８７％，移栽成活率９３％。     

淀粉直接发酵酒精的菌株选育──内孢霉酵母与酿酒酵母属间原生质体融合

本研究旨在构建直接发酵淀粉生产酒精的酵母菌．选择具α－淀粉酶和葡萄糖淀粉酶活性的Ｅ．ｆｉｂｕｌｉｇｅｒａＥ１１灭活的原生质体，与耐高温产酒率高的Ｓ．ｃｅｒｅｖｉｓｉａｅＨＢ－６－９单倍体进行属间原生质体融合．经３５％ＰＥＧ－５０ｍｍｏｌ／ＬＣａＣｌ２诱导，在再生选择培养基上融合率１．０～１．５×１０－６，获得１２个性能稳定的融合株．部分融合株生长速度、淀粉水解能力、可溶性淀粉直接发酵酒精的能力明显高于两亲株．     

克鲁维酵母y－85菊粉酶水解菊粉的研究及其中试

克鲁维酵母（Ｋｌｕｖｅｒｏｍｙｃｅｓｓｐ．）Ｙ－８５在菊粉提取液培养基中生长产菊粉酶，其细胞和胞外的菊粉酶活力分别约占菊粉酶总活力的７６％和２４％．试验中以酶发酵液作酶液．该酶的Ｓ／Ｉ值为１５．２．酶液在５０，５５和６０℃下保温１ｈ，活力分别残留１００％，９６％和６５％；在８℃下放置７ｄ，１４ｄ，酶活力分别残留９８％和９６％．在ｐＨ３．６～７．０内，酶活性十分稳定．５ｍｍｏｌＬ－半胱氨酸和Ｆｅ＋２分别可使酶活力提高１０．４％和４１．２％．ｙ－８５菊粉酶水解菊粉的适宜条件是：底物为总糖浓度１０％～１５％菊粉提取液，ｐＨ５．０，温度为５５℃，酶用量为底物每克糖加酶８００ｕ（以蔗糖为底物测酶活力）或２６．３ｕ（以菊糖为底物测酶活力）、搅拌酶解６ｈ．在上述条件上，底物降解率最高可达９８．５％．酶解液中，果糖占总还原糖量的８５％．用１１００Ｌ罐进行酶解中试，５批试验，底物降解率平均达９４．２％．     

pH对麦角菌产麦角隐亭的影响

在不同ｐＨ（４．１～７．１）的种子培养基中培养的麦角菌（Ｃｌａｖｉｃｅｐｓｐｕｒｐｕｒｅａ（Ｆｒ．）Ｔｕｌ）ＡＴＣＣ２００１９的菌丝体经发酵后，其发酵液中麦角隐亭的产量以种子培养基起始ｐＨ５．２时最高．为４４．８５μｇ／ｇＬ，经方差分析，差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）；菌丝体干重则没有明显差异．ｐＨ５．２所得的种子菌丝体接入不同ｐＨ（４．１～８．１）的发酵培养基．结果：菌丝体干重无差异，发酵液中麦角隐亭的产量以发酵培养基起始ｐＨ５．２时最高，达５１．３１μｇ／ｍＬ，经方差分析，差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）．发酵过程中调节培养基的ｐＨ，使ｐＨ稳定在５．２，结果菌丝体干重从５７．３１增加到８３．２８ｍｇ／ｍＬ，但麦角隐亭产量未见明显提高．     

无核黄皮引种试验研究

１９９２年１２月在桂林南郊广西植物研究怕引种广东郁南县无核黄皮嫁接苗４３株，成活率９０．６％，定植３年，有９株开花结果，平均株产１０７６ｇ，果实无核，平均果重１６．８平均纵径３．７３ｃｍ，平均横径２．７３ｃｍ；平均可食率８７．５％，可溶性固形物含量１５．７％，果实８月份成熟，比一般黄皮晚熟１５￣２０ｄ。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that