分析表面裂纹的一种新方法

用边界积分方法，分析表面裂纹的张开位移和应力强度因子．此方法将埋在无穷大弹性介质中裂纹，模拟为连续分布的位错环．根据两个位错环之间的相互作用能，可以得到弹性体的应变能；对弹性体的势能取极值，可以得到关于裂纹张开位移的边界积分方程．通过把半空间的边界模拟成一个包含在无穷大弹性介质中大裂纹，此法能很好的处理具有任意表面形状的表面裂纹．两个实验算例的计算结果与已有的解析解吻合很好，说明此方法的有效性和精确性．文中还分析具有表面台阶的表面裂纹的应力强度因子，结果有利于分析表面裂纹的扩展．     

切向载荷下内嵌椭圆片裂纹问题的解法

利用微分积分方程方法研究三维无限弹性体内嵌平片裂纹问题首先建立平片裂纹问题中裂纹面上的载荷和裂纹扩张位移所满足的微分积分方程,对椭圆片裂纹问题进行研究,如果作用在椭圆片裂纹面上的载荷是幂函数形式,则其裂纹扩张位移有闭合形式解其中关键步骤是作者利用了首创的一种特殊极坐标体系计算得到了一系列的微分积分结果,再利用待定系数法得出了各种载荷下的线性方程组,解之后可得其裂纹扩张位移解答,于是各种情况下的裂纹边界处的应力强度因子随即可得本文得出了裂纹面上作用三次幂切向载荷的多种情形的应力强度因子     

法向载荷下内嵌椭圆片裂纹问题的解法

利用微分积分方程方法研究三维无限弹性体内嵌平片裂纹问题．研究表明，如果作用在裂纹面上的载荷是幂函数形式，则其位移间断值有闭合形式解．本文得出了裂纹面上作用高次幂法向载荷的多种情形的应力强度因子．     

圆形裂纹分析的边界积分方程方法

利用三维裂纹分析的边界积分方程方法。研究了三维无限弹性体中受任意非对称载荷作用的圆形裂纹问题。通过将二维边界奇异积分方程简化为Ａｂｅｌ方程获得了问题的Ⅰ，Ⅱ，Ⅲ型应力强度因子精确解，比用Ｈａｎｋｅｌ变换法得到的结果更为一般。     

法向载荷下内嵌随圆片裂纹问题的解法

利用微分积分方程方法研究三维无限弹性体内嵌平片裂纹问题。研究表明，如果作用在裂纹面上的载荷是幂函数形式，则其位移间断值有闭合形式解。本文得出了裂纹面上作用高幂法向载荷的多种情形的应力强度因子。     

管螺纹接头齿根表面裂纹的数值分析

本文采用一种混合的数值方法对管螺纹接头齿根中存在半椭园型表面裂纹的断裂强度作了三维数值分析，采用虚拟接触载荷法模拟啮合螺纹齿间的接触现象，确定载荷沿螺纹齿的分布规律，并求解出裂纹区的变形位移场。最后采用位移法。计算出裂纹体的应力强度因子。     

裂纹表面线性分布力作用下I型应力强度因子的解析解

对于I型裂纹,考虑到裂纹表面受线性分布约束应力作用,利用复变函数方法,从两个基本的解析函数出发,推导出应力强度因子(SIF)和裂纹张开位移(COD)的解析解.数值计算了3种形式的应力分布,即右梯形分布(情况I)、均匀分布(情况II)和左梯形分布(情况III).通过对3种形式的应力强度因子和裂纹张开位移进行对比,发现裂纹表面约束应力的分布形式和位置对应力强度因子和裂纹张开位移有很大影响;随着约束应力区远离裂纹中心,应力强度因子减小,而裂纹中心张开位移随之增大.     

求解无限大弹性体扁平椭圆状裂纹的一种等效方法

给出一种等效方法,将椭圆状裂纹在局部等效为币状裂纹,这些币状裂纹的裂纹面最大张开位移是相同的,等于椭圆状裂纹的裂纹面最大张开位移,并求解了无限大弹性体中扁平椭圆状裂纹前缘的应力强度因子．与已有的方法相比,该方法不仅简单易行,而且易于理解和数学处理．     

固定边半平面体裂纹问题的超奇异积分方程法

对固定边半平面含平行于边界裂纹的问题进行研究,由固定边半平面弹性体的弹性力学基本解,利用换功定律、位移-应变关系、胡克定律及裂纹岸应力边界条件,得到描述该问题的超奇异积分方程组,并通过适当的积分变换,在有限部积分的意义下建立了相应的数值方法。对裂纹面上作用均布力情况的算例表明,固定边对应力强度因子的大小起削弱作用。     

半无限横观各向同性介质中三维裂纹问题数值分析

采用对偶边界元方法分析了沿裂纹面分别作用法向和切向均布力时半无限横观各向同性介质中的三维矩形裂纹。裂纹面及半无限域自由面平行于材料各向同性面。该方法基于双层横观各向同性材料基本解,以裂纹面间断位移为未知量建立了面力超奇异边界积分方程。根据求得的间断位移计算了该类裂纹的应力强度因子。最后讨论了自由面、矩形裂纹边长比、材料弹性系数对应力强度因子的影响。结果表明,自由面对作用法向均布力的该类矩形裂纹应力强度因子有明显影响,对作用切向均布力的该类矩形裂纹应力强度因子影响较小,且自由面的这种影响主要与裂纹面到自由面的距离有关,与矩形裂纹边长比基本无关。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that