Hydrocarbon accumulation in deep fluid modified carbonate rock in the Tarim Basin

The activities of deep fluid are regionalized in the Tarim Basin. By analyzing the REE in core samples and crude oil, carbon isotope of carbon dioxide and inclusion temperature measurement in the west of the Tazhong Uplift in the western Tarim Basin, all the evidence confirms the existence of deep fluid. The deep fluid below the basin floor moved up into the basin through discordogenic fauit and volcanicity to cause corrosion and metaaomatosis of carbonate rock by exchange of matter and energy. The pore structure and permeability of the carbonate reservoirs were improved, making the carbonate reservoirs an excellent type of deeply buried modification. The fluorite ore belts discovered along the large fault and the volcanic area in the west of the Tazhong Uplift are the outcome of deep fluid action. Such carbonate reservoirs are the main type of reservoirs in the Tazhong 45 oilfield. The carbonate reservoirs in well YM 7 are improved obviously by thermal fluid dolomitization. The origin and territory of deep fluid are associated with the discordogenic fault and volcanicity in the basin. The discordogenic fault and volcanic area may be the pointer of looking for the deep fluid modified reservoirs. The primary characteristics of hydrocarbon accumulation in deep fluid reconstructed carbonate rock are summarized as accumulation near the large fault and volcano passage, late-period hydrocarbon accumulation after volcanic activity, and subtle trap reservoirs controlled by lithology.     

塔里木盆地古隆起的形成和油气控制

塔北、巴楚和塔中隆起是塔里木盆地不同世代盆地原型结构复合的产物,对油气的分布起着重要的控制作用.其中,塔中、塔北隆起,为海西期油气运聚的主要指向区,具有良好的储盖条件,是油气重要的聚集场所.中新生代昆仑山崛起,塔西南挤榨前渊形成,致使克拉通内拗陷转化并反转形成巴楚隆起,与塔西南前渊迭加的古生代源岩构成统一的成藏系统.     

准噶尔盆地东部隆起区磁场特征及对火山岩油气藏勘探的指示

火山岩型油气藏是准噶尔盆地十分重要的油气藏类型,近年来针对该类型油气藏的勘探在准东地区呈现出多点开花的场面。为了加快推进准东地区石炭系火山岩油气藏的勘探,本文通过高精度航磁、区域重力、地震和钻井资料对准噶尔盆地东部的断裂系统进行推断与解释,重点对该区磁性体的埋深开展分析。基于航磁计算的磁性体深度显示,准噶尔盆地东部隆起区磁性体最小埋深在0.5-2.2 km之间,清晰地呈现出南北分带,东西分块的构造格局。以隆起区中部一条近南北向深大断裂为界,东部和西部磁性体的深度、规模和形态存在明显差异。受次级断裂的影响,东部磁性体呈北东向展布,西部磁性体呈北西向和近东西向展布。依据断裂系统和磁性体埋藏深度对火山岩体油气成藏的控制,结合石炭系烃源岩生烃强度的展布,在准东地区预测出三个有利的火山岩油气藏勘探区带。     

Main controlling factors for hydrocarbon reservoir formation and petroleum distribution in Cratonic Area of Tarim Basin

The Cratonic Area of the Tarim Basin is lo-cated in the central part of the basin, developing primarilywith Cambrian marine source rocks and secondly Middle toUpper Ordovician marine and Carboniferous-Permiantransitional facies source rocks. The source rocks werematured in the changeable period and space, formingmultiple hydrocarbon generating centers during the periods.The Cratonic Area experienced multiple tectonic orogenies,forming several palaeouplifts. The matching conditionbetween effective hydrocarbon generating centers and thepalaeouplifts in various periods is the main control factor forthe formation and distribution of hydrocarbon reservoirs.The palaeouplifts have experienced multiple hydrocar-bon-filling phases, several periods of modifications and evenbreakdown. The palaeouplifts and the adjacent slopesaround the effective hydrocarbon generating center composethe most favorable places for hydrocarbon accumulation.The hydrocarbon phase is related with the evolution of thehydrocarbon generating center. In the Tarim Basin'sCratonic Area, reservoirs were mostly formed during lateHercynian. The originally formed hydrocarbon reservoirswhich are adjacent to source kitchens and in the goodpreservation condition are the most favorable prospectingtargets. Hydrocarbon is richly accumulated under theregional caprock, surrounding the faulted trends, and overand below the unconformity surfaces. Reservoirs in theCarboniferous sandstone, Ordovician karstic weatheredcrust and carbonate rock inside the buried hill compose themain intervals for hydrocarbon accumulation. Carboni-ferous and Silurian sandstone pinchout reservoirs andcarbonate lithologic reservoirs with rich fractures and poresare the main targets for further prospecting.     

Late Yanshan-Himalayan hydrocarbon reservoir adjustment and hydrotherrnal fluid activity in the central Tarim Basin

The adjustment of primary hydrocarbon reservoirs in marine formations is an important feature of the oil pools in the Tarim Basin. Large-scale hydrocarbon adjustment is related to the strong regional tectonic movements, which is always accompanied by extensive migration of basin fluids including diagenetic and mineralizing fluids. Organic fluid inclusions are well developed in hydrothermal minerals, such as fluorite, which have been found in the dissolution-enlarged fractures or karstification caves in the Ordovician in the central Tarim Basin. Proved by well drilling, the fluorite deposit is good reservoir for oil and gas. So the peculiar accompanied or superimposed relationship between fluorite hydrothermal fluid mineralization and hydrocarbon migration and accumulation exists in the Ordovician in the central Tarim Basin. Considering regional tectonic setting and mineralization condition,through different kinds of analytic methods including electron spin resonance dating, fluid inclusion laser Raman and colonial inclusions hydrocarbon fossil analysis, we proposed that extensive mineralizing fluids and hydrocarbon migration occurred in late Yanshan-Himalayan (110.4-30.8 Ma) period, and Himalayan, especially, is an important period for hydrocarbon accumulation from 34.3 Ma to present.     

塔里木盆地塔中地区火山岩识别及其油气成藏意义

 早二叠世末期,塔中地区的火山活动对下伏石炭系油气的形成和演化至关重要.火山活动促进烃源岩的成熟排烃;形成断裂、裂缝等广泛发育的油气疏导体系;形成岩颈刺穿、火山岩脉侧向遮挡等不同类型的油气藏.此外,火山活动还可以对原来形成的油气藏进行改造,从而形成次生油气藏.本文利用钻井资料、测井资料、地震属性、地震反射结构、时间切片等方法,对火山岩的剖面和平面分布进行识别与预测,明确了塔中地区石炭系火山岩在剖面上主要以岩墙岩盖的形式产出,活动强度自西北向东南逐渐减弱,厚度自西北向东南逐步变薄直至尖灭.在此基础上,揭示了石炭系火山岩的油气成藏意义,对塔中地区油气滚动勘探开发具有一定指导意义.     

安哥拉宽扎盆地白垩系油气成藏条件及勘探潜力

以安哥拉宽扎盆地的构造演化、沉积充填特征研究为基础,重点开展了宽扎盆地的盐上和盐下构造单元划分及盆地油气成藏基本条件研究,系统总结了宽扎盆地的白垩系油气成藏模式,指出了有利勘探区。宽扎盆地经历了裂谷阶段、过渡阶段和被动陆缘阶段的构造沉积演化阶段,不同的构造演化控制着宽扎盆地的盐上、盐下构造单元变化及生储盖条件的变化,形成了盐下自生自储运聚成藏模式和盐上下生上储跨越式运聚成藏模式。宽扎盆地临近大西洋枢纽带以西及附近深海的盐下地垒（高地）与盐岩分布厚盐区的叠置区域是盐下油气聚集的有利区带,其勘探潜力大。宽扎盆地盐上Albian阶碳酸盐岩及砂岩发育的盆地近海区域是盐上有利勘探区。     

Exploration technology and development trend of Daqing Oilfield

Exploration for oil and deep gas in northern Songliao Basin,complex rift basin—Hailaer Basin,and Yi-Shu Graben in peripheral basin has technical challenge.Researches on supporting technology including seismic acquisition,processing and interpretation,logging and drilling are performed to establish high resolution 3D seismic technology for lithologic reservoir,deep volcanic rock and complex rift basin,reservoir evaluation and stimulation technology for low permeability reservoir,volcanic reservoir and complex rift reservoir,and drilling technology for deep volcanic rock,providing technical support for reserves increase in northern Songliao Basin,large gas reservoirs discovery in deep volcanic rock and exploration progress in complex rift basin.Next-step development trend of exploration technology is proposed to meet the demand of more technical challenges in the future.     

塔里木盆地乌什凹陷—温宿凸起油气运聚过程模拟实验研究

为了研究乌什凹陷—温宿凸起构造的油气运聚过程,预测有利的油气分布区,本文以过乌参1井剖面为地质模型,并结合该区的地质特征建立油气运移过程物理模拟的二维实验模型.模拟实验揭示:温宿凸起是油气运聚的目标指向区,断层在油气运聚过程中起着重要的作用;在驱动力相同的情况下,高渗透性砂岩层易于成为油气运移的运载层及有利储集层;泄压区是油气运移的指向区,在温宿凸起北部边界出现的变质岩分布带,有可能成为油气运移的屏障,寻找油气时应该避开,有断层沟通的潜山及砂体才是最有利的油气聚集区.     

塔中地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层特征及其油气意义

为了探明塔中地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层特征及其油气意义 ,根据勘探资料分析 ,奥陶纪时期 ,发育了下奥陶统以白云岩为主 ,上奥陶统以灰岩为主的巨厚碳酸盐岩沉积 ;同时 ,在中、上奥陶统与塔里木盆地中部地区下奥陶统之间和上奥陶统顶部发育两个不整合面 .在构造、沉积和后生改造的共同作用下 ,碳酸盐岩发育有下奥陶统白云岩层系和中、上奥陶统灰岩层系两套储集岩系 ,以及白云岩内幕型、风化壳岩溶型、构造裂缝型、沉积相带控制型和深部流体改造型 5种主要储集体类型 .根据储层的发育与分布特征 ,提出今后塔中地区应重点加强塔中北斜坡、塔中西部和西北倾没端区域上的油气勘探 ;在纵向上 ,应加强对深部下奥陶统以白云岩内幕型储集体为储层的碳酸盐岩油气勘探工作     

塔里木盆地塔中地区志留系油气成藏模式

 塔里木盆地塔中地区志留系油气显示丰富,成藏条件复杂,研究其油气成藏模式对推动塔中油气勘探有重大现实意义.本文主要对志留系沥青砂和可动油气的分布特征及成因机制进行分析,总结其成藏模式.研究结果表明:塔中地区志留系可动油气主要来自寒武系和奥陶系的混源,可动油气主要存在晚海西期和喜山期两期成藏,运移以垂向运移为主,侧向有限运移;塔中地区志留系沥青砂岩主要来源于寒武—下奥陶统烃源岩,沥青砂岩为油气边运移边破坏的产物;塔中志留系油气为两期成藏、两期改造的多点垂向输导,有限侧向输导成藏演化模式.     

塔里木盆地古生界气源岩热演化史研究

利用盆地模拟系统，用镜质体反射率反演法进行了热史的恢复，计算了塔里木盆地寒武系、下奥陶统、中上奥陶统、石炭系等古生界气源岩在不同地质历史时期的镜质体反射率．建立了塔里木盆地轮南地区、满加尔凹陷、阿瓦提凹陷和塔中地区古生界气源岩的热演化史，着重分析了各地区古生界气源岩的成气贡献，并从热演化的角度分析了气源岩的生气高峰．研究表明，塔里木盆地天然气的主要来源是下古生界烃源岩．     

四川盆地震旦系与中伊朗盆地第三系碳酸盐岩油气成藏比较性研究

中国叠合盆地深层碳酸盐岩储层和油气藏形成的特殊性是学术界和油气勘探部门十分关注的问题.四川盆地上震旦统灯影组是中国叠合盆地最老的碳酸盐岩储集层之一;中伊朗盆地第三系库姆组是世界上极具特色的含陆源碎屑火山碎屑的碳酸盐岩混积地层.四川盆地震旦系较古老,所经历构造演化、成岩过程复杂;而中伊朗盆地库姆组则时代较新,所经历构造演化、成岩过程相对简单.通过对四川盆地丁山1井灯影组碳酸盐岩和中伊朗盆地Arn 1井第三系库姆组碳酸盐岩的比较性研究,发现两者在碳酸盐岩储层和油气藏的形成演化方面,既有共性又有特殊性.就储层而言,共性表现在均为裂缝孔隙型,原生孔隙基本消失殆尽,基质孔隙度较低,非均质性较强;特殊性表现在使灯影组早期储层空间保留至今和使早已致密的碳酸盐岩再次变为优质储层的作用和机理.就油气成藏而言,碳酸盐岩油气藏的形成均需要基本的油气地质条件,同时也均较复杂;不同的是,四川盆地震旦系油气的成藏过程更加复杂,主要表现在四中心(生烃中心、生气中心、储气中心和保气中心)的变迁和耦合.在中国叠合盆地碳酸盐岩油气勘探中,应充分引用国外碳酸盐岩的有关成果,研究碳酸盐岩的共有特征;同时,还应重视中国叠合盆地碳酸盐岩储层发育和油气藏形成演化的特殊性.     

南美Llanos盆地中生代-新生代构造沉积演化及石油地质特征

探讨南美Llanos盆地油气地质特征及成藏规律。在前人研究的基础上,通过对构造沉积演化、生-储-盖条件、圈闭特征、油气田分布等分析,总结了Llanos盆地油气运聚特征及富集规律,指出有利勘探方向。结果表明,Llanos盆地是中生代弧后裂谷与新生代前陆作用共同形成的叠合盆地,主力烃源岩为白垩系Gacheta组页岩,储层包括白垩系、古近系及新近系多套砂岩,已证实有油气的储盖组合有7套;该盆地油气运聚具有远距运移混源充注、断砂立体持续输导、近远灶阶梯式捕集成藏的特点,近灶优先捕集形成中深层、大中型构造油气田,远灶接替捕集形成浅层、小型复合型油气田。盆地西部发育逆掩推覆构造圈闭,数量少、规模大,可形成大型油气田,是构造圈闭的有利勘探目标区;盆地中部和东部主要发育岩性-构造圈闭、岩性圈闭及水动力圈闭,圈闭类型和数量多但规模小,可形成浅层小型油气田,是地层-构造、水动力-构造等复合圈闭的主要勘探目标区。     

塔中泥盆系东河砂岩油气成藏及有利区预测

结合塔中地区沉积构造特征,运用油源对比指标、油气包裹体镜下观察、均一温度测试以及饱和烃气相色谱分析等方法对塔中泥盆系东河砂岩的油气成藏特征进行了研究.研究表明泥盆系东河砂岩油气具有多来源、多期次成藏的特点.利用失利井分析资料,对泥盆系油气成藏的关键因素进行了确定,认为圈闭、储层物性、油源断层和保存条件是成藏的主控因素,并在此基础之上采用多因素叠合法对塔中泥盆系东河砂岩的油气成藏有利区进行了预测.预测结果认为泥盆系东河砂岩油气有利区主要沿塔中Ⅱ号断裂带分布,同时在塔中10号断裂带西部倾末端也有发育,这些地区为下一步油气勘探的有利区.     

Discussion of gas enrichment mechanism and natural gas origin in marine sedimentary basin,China

There are abundant natural gas resources in Chinese marine sedimentary basin. The exploration hot shots of natural gas are the Palaeozoic marine strata here in recent years, and several large scale gas fields have been discovered. Chinese Palaeozoic high-post matured and coal measure hydrocarbon source rocks are mainly prone to gas generation in the present. This research considered that gas source rocks and TSR are the key cause of gas enrichment of marine strata. High-quality argillaceous and coal measure hydrocarbon rocks are distributed widely in the Palaeozoic marine strata, which have been in highly matured phase in the present. The argillaceous source rock generally contains various sulfates that could accelerate crude oil cracking to gas for TSR occurrence, and coal measure source rock mainly generates gas, so Chinese marine basin gives priority to accumulating gas. Marine strata have not founded oil reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin and Ordos Basin, and they consist mainly of dry gas. Marine natural gases are the mixed gases of oil cracking gas and coal-formed gas in a general way, oil cracking gases contain usually some H2S and CO2. Hydrocarbon carbon isotopes are very complicated, and methane and ethane isotopic values bear apparent reversal caused by thermal evolution and mixing among different genetic types of natural gas. Coal-formed gases are the main component of Chinese marine natural gas. The Upper Permian of the Sichuan Basin and the Carboniferous-Permian of the Ordos Basin coal measure hydrocarbon source rock present large hydrocarbon generation potential, which are the prospecting highlight of marine natural gas hereafter. Oil cracking gas exploration will be paid much attention to in the Tarim Basin because of the lack of coal measure hydrocarbon source rock.     

塔里木盆地前震旦-石炭纪构造与地层组合特征

通过对塔里木盆地前震旦-石炭纪构造演化与地层组合特征的分析研究,将该盆地构造和地层系统划分为2大组合系统5个构造-地层组合.前震旦系为混合片麻岩、浅变质岩组成的地台基底,震旦纪发生板内裂陷形成坳拉槽,早寒武世-奥陶纪和石炭纪是盆地两次大的海侵期,沉积了富含烃类的碳酸盐岩建造,志留-泥盆纪为克拉通边缘隆升阶段,发育浅海相碎屑岩及碳酸盐岩建造.     

Discussion of gas enrichment mechanism and natural gas origin in marine sedimentary basin, China

There are abundant natural gas resources in Chinese marine sedimentary basin. The exploration hot shots of natural gas are the Palaeozoic marine strata here in recent years, and several large scale gas fields have been discovered. Chinese Palaeozoic high-post matured and coal measure hydrocarbon source rocks are mainly prone to gas generation in the present. This research considered that gas source rocks and TSR are the key cause of gas enrichment of marine strata. High-quality argillaceous and coal measure hydrocarbon rocks are distributed widely in the Palaeozoic marine strata, which have been in highly matured phase in the present. The argillaceous source rock generally contains various sulfates that could accelerate crude oil cracking to gas for TSR occurrence, and coal measure source rock mainly generates gas, so Chinese marine basin gives priority to accumulating gas. Marine strata have not founded oil reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin and Ordos Basin, and they consist mainly of dry gas. Marine natural gases are the mixed gases of oil cracking gas and coal-formed gas in a general way, oil cracking gases contain usually some H2S and CO2. Hydrocarbon carbon isotopes are very complicated, and methane and ethane isotopic values bear apparent reversal caused by thermal evolution and mixing among different genetic types of natural gas. Coal-formed gases are the main component of Chinese marine natural gas. The Upper Permian of the Sichuan Basin and the Carboniferous-Permian of the Ordos Basin coal measure hydrocarbon source rock present large hydrocarbon generation po- tential, which are the prospecting highlight of marine natural gas hereafter. Oil cracking gas exploration will be paid much attention to in the Tarim Basin because of the lack of coal measure hydrocarbon source rock.     

惠民凹陷阳信洼陷火成岩及其对油气成藏的影响

通过岩心观察、薄片鉴定、有机地球化学分析等技术手段,对阳信洼陷火成岩岩性特征、储集空间类型、物性特征及其对油气成藏的影响进行了分析,并进一步对阳信洼陷火成岩的发育和时空分布特征进行了研究。结果表明,阳信洼陷火成岩特别发育,火成岩的形成与分布主要受断裂活动的影响,同时火山活动对盆地演化、油气生成、圈闭形成和油气成藏具有一定的控制作用。火成岩及其岩浆作用有利于烃源岩的富集,提高了地温场,改变了地球化学场,促进了有机质生烃作用。阳信洼陷火成岩储集空间发育,具有油气充注率高、油气保存条件好的特点,有利于形成与火成岩有关的复合油气藏。     

塔里木盆地构造活动枢纽部位碳酸盐岩油气聚集

为了更好地指导塔里木盆地碳酸盐岩的勘探实践 ,进一步认识叠合盆地油气富集规律 ,从塔里木盆地构造活动枢纽部位的形成、分布以及对油气聚集的控制入手 ,剖析了碳酸盐岩油气藏的宏观分布规律 .结果表明 ,构造活动枢纽部位寒武—奥陶系碳酸盐岩的圈闭类型主要为潜山及背斜 ;碳酸盐岩含油气层的储集层有不整合面以下的风化壳及碳酸盐岩内部的孔缝发育带 .相对凹陷而言 ,构造活动枢纽部位处在比较高的部位 ,正是油气运移的指向区 ;而相对于翘起的高部位来说 ,构造活动枢纽部位又处在相对较低的部位 ,极有利于油气藏的保存 .塔北隆起牙哈潜山油气藏、巴楚隆起和田河气藏以及塔中隆起西北倾没部位的塔中 45油藏都是很好的例证 .由此可见 ,塔里木盆地构造活动枢纽部位是碳酸盐岩聚集油气的有利地区 .目前所要解决的问题是采用各种方法识别出更多隐伏的构造活动枢纽部位 ,为发现更多的油气田提供靶区