塔里木盆地孔雀河地区构造特征及演化

孔雀河地区位于塔里木盆地东北部,从前震旦纪至今,经历了多期的构造变动和复杂的演化历史,形成了现今北西西-近东西向、北北东-近南北向、北北西向和北东东向基本断裂体系,同时断裂活动表现为多期性和继承性的特点;发育断背斜、断鼻、背斜及断块等构造圈闭类型,其分布具有东西分区、纵向分层的特征.纵向上,就中生界、古生界而言,下古生界较中生界发育,上古生界不发育;横向上,明显受断层控制,并沿主控断层走向方向成排成带展布;利用平衡剖面法,并结合区域构造研究成果将该区构造演化划为五个阶段:被动陆缘裂陷阶段(Z-O1)、拉张至挤压环境转变阶段(O2-S)、北东和北西向构造发育阶段(D-P1)、古生代构造的再生长及近东西向褶皱形成阶段(J)、大面积的整体升降运动阶段(K-Q).     

塔里木盆地北部油气系统与构造运动的关系

库尔勒鼻凸—草湖凹陷位于塔里木盆地满加尔坳陷北延部分,主力烃源岩为腐泥型的下古生界寒武系、奥陶系暗色灰岩,储集岩为古生界奥陶系灰岩和石炭系、三叠系、侏罗系、白垩系砂岩.根据原油性质及流体包裹体分析,寒武系主生油期为加里东中期—海西晚期,奥陶系为海西期—燕山期.油气主运移期分别为晚古生代晚期—早侏罗世,早中新世—第四系.早海西期和晚海西期的构造运动对研究区油气的聚集具有极大的影响.因此,结合构造运动期次,划分出深部海西早期油气系统(∈-D1 2)、晚燕山期油气系统(D3-J)和上部喜马拉雅期油气系统(K-Q).     

塔里木盆地奥陶纪碳同位素波动特征与对比

在牙形石生物地层的基础上,利用塔里木盆地塔北隆起钻井全岩碳同位素数据,结合其他学者公布的碳同位素曲线,探讨了塔里木盆地奥陶纪碳同位素波动特征,并与世界其他地区进行对比。塔里木盆地奥陶纪特马豆克阶－达瑞威尔阶早期碳同位素波动较弱,缺乏可全球对比的波动标志。达瑞威尔阶中期和凯迪阶早期发育明显的碳同位素正漂移,分别对应于国际上的中达瑞威尔阶碳同位素正漂移（MDICE）和加顿伯格碳同位素正漂移（GICE）,能够进行全球对比。桑比阶早期牙形石 Pygodus anserinus 带内发育波动幅度达1.4‰的正漂移,其可能仅在部分地区分布,暂时命名为早桑比阶碳同位素正漂移（ESICE）。凯迪阶中后期碳同位素波动特征目前还不清楚,晚奥陶世赫南特阶碳同位素正漂移（HICE）在塔里木盆地也未见报道。MDICE 和 GICE 可作为塔里木盆地中上奥陶统的等时对比标志。     

Identification of the Kukersite-type source rocks in the Ordovician Stratigraphy from the Tarim Basin, NW China

Due to the importance of the Gloeocapsomorpha Prisca （G. prisca）-enriched source rocks, which belong to Kukersite-type source rocks in the Lower Paleozoic Ordovician strata, it has received great attentions during the petroleum exploration as to whether there are the Kukersite-type source rocks developed in the major hydrocarbon source strata of the Upper and Middle Ordovician in the Tarim Basin. Using pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrography to analyse kerogens from source rocks in the lime- mud mound with moderate maturity, study reveals that there are the Kukersite-type source rocks in the Ordovician strata of the Tarim Basin. The pyrolysis products showed a low content of 〉n-C19 normal alkanes with a significant odd-even predominance between n-C13 and n-Cl7, long-chain alky substituted alkylbenzene and alkylthiophene isomers and distinctive distribution of 5-N- alkyl-1, 3-Benzenediol and its homologous. Based on the geographic environment characteristics of G. Prisca, the molecular dis- tributions of crude oil from the Lower Paleozoic petroleum systems in the Tarim Basin and characteristics of kerogen pyrolysis products from the Middle and Upper Ordovician source rocks, the results suggested that it is less possible to develop the G. Pris- ca-enriched Kukersite-type source rocks in the major hydrocarbon source rocks in the Middle and Upper Ordovician strata in the Tarim Basin. However, the benthic macroalga and planktonic algae-enriched source rocks are the main contributors.     

新疆塔里木盆地晚奥陶世—早石炭世地层划分对比研究新突破

首次系统应用化学－生物地层学对长期遗留的、严重阻碍了油气勘探开发步伐的塔里木盆地重大疑难地层问题：晚奥陶世－志留纪－泥盆纪－早石炭世地层划分对比和东河砂岩时代等进行了综合研究,厘定了几条重要的相关地层界线,并将东河砂岩的时代确定为泥盆纪晚泥盆世弗拉斯期。这些研究成果表明,化学－生物地层学对高分辨率地层划分对比、尤其是对在化石缺乏地区和层段进行地层划分对比工作有重要的意义和实用价值。     

塔中西北部奥陶系异常压力成因及地质意义

塔中西北部地区奥陶系地层中存在异常压力,研究认为该异常压力的形成主要与油气聚集增压机理有关,其次为构造增压和流体热膨胀增压机理,火成岩侵入也是一种辅助的增压机理.异常压力的存在可以表征良好的储层和盖层的封盖能力,也与油气藏的分布有一定的关系,异常压力层的发育层位往往指示一定丰度的油气层,而油气层并不一定都是异常压力层.     

Tectonic evolution of Tethyan tectonic field, formation of Northern Margin basin and explorative perspective of natural gas in Tarim Basin

 Analyzing the characteristics of the Tethyantectonic field, the authors think that the Tethyan tectonicfield underwent three evolutional stages: closing of Pa-leo-Tethys and rifting of Neo-Tethys from early Permian tolate Triassic, subduction of Neo-Tethys and collision betweenthe Indian plate and the Eurasia plate from Jurassic to earlyof low Tertiary, and collision between the Arab plate and theEurasia plate and the A-type subduction of Indian plate fromlate of low Tertiary to the present. Combining the evolutionof the Tethyan orogenic belt with the characteristics of theNorthern Margin basin, it is suggested that the sedimentaryand tectonic characteristics and types of the Northern Mar-gin basin are controlled by the formation and evolution ofthe Tethyan orogenic belt and the ingression of Tethys. Theevolution of Northern Margin basin can be divided into threedevelopment stages: back-arc foreland basin from late Per-mian to Triassic, the back-arc fault subsidence and depres-sion from Jurassic to the early of low Tertiary, and the reac-tive foreland basin from the late of low Tertiary to the pre-sent. The Northern Margin basin in the Tethyan tectonicfield is an important region for natural gas accumulation,and the Tarim Basin is a part of this region.     

东濮地区中奥陶统层序格架及沉积演化

以层序地层学和沉积岩石学为指导,深入分析东濮地区野外、岩心、薄片和测录井等地质、地球化学和地球物理资料,恢复古气候及古海平面,结合区域地质背景,识别层序界面,建立了中奥陶统层序地层格架并阐述格架内沉积演化特征。结果表明,中奥陶统为一个二级层序（SSQ1）,包含三个三级层序（SQ1、SQ2、SQ3）。SQ1为下马家沟组-上马家沟组下段,底为怀远运动不整合面,顶为岩性转换型界面（SB1）;SQ2为上马家沟组上段-峰峰组下段,顶为暴露型界面（SB2）;SQ3为峰峰组上段,顶为造山侵蚀型界面（SB3）。SQ1海侵体系域为局限台地向开阔台地过渡,发育开阔海、膏云坪和颗粒滩微相;高位体系域整体发育局限台地云坪、膏云坪和云灰坪,局部地区发育灰坪和颗粒滩;SQ2海侵体系域以开阔台地为主,发育开阔海微相,局部高地发育膏云坪、云坪和云灰坪,高位体系域为局限台地,整体发育云灰坪,局部发育膏云坪、灰云坪和颗粒滩微相;SQ3受风化剥蚀严重,仅能恢复海侵体系域早期沉积,以开阔台地为主     

塔里木盆地北缘陆相二叠系中的植物化石

新疆塔里木盆地北缘二叠纪陆相地层中的植物化石丰富，共现２８属４８种，本文对其中的８属９种作了详细的描述了讨论，当前材料不仅大大丰富了塔北二叠纪植物群的内容，对塔北二叠纪地层的划分与对比具有重要作用，而且为塔北二叠纪植物地理区系和古板块位置的研究提供了新论证。     

渤海湾盆地中、新生代构造演化研究

根据中生界上侏罗统和下白垩统地层和控盆断裂分布分析,中生代晚期晚侏罗—早白垩世郯庐断裂带的左旋走滑平移导致郯庐断裂带以西自北向南发育了3个北西向断堑系,即北部的渤海断堑系、中部的济阳断堑系和南部的鲁西南断堑系。从区域资料综合分析,渤海湾盆地的基本格局是早第三纪以来的新生代盆地格局。渤海湾盆地的形态、构造和沉积特征及热流值分布表明该盆地在新生代为拉分盆地。根据渤海湾盆地的各个坳陷内新生代各时期的地层分布、沉积厚度和控盆边界断裂在各时期的空间位置以及活动性质综合分析,恢复了盆地新生代以来的构造演化格局。中、新生代盆地构造和沉积分布特征表明渤海湾盆地是一个中、新生代叠合盆地。     

塔里木盆地台盆区中奥陶统底界垂向构造变动强度定量研究

采用垂向构造变动强度定量计算方法对塔里木盆地台盆区中奥陶统底界在志留纪末-二叠纪末、二叠纪末-侏罗纪末和侏罗纪末-现今3个主要构造变动期的垂向构造变动强度进行了定量计算.3个构造变动期内,中奥陶统底界分别呈现出"东抬西降、沉降为主"、"东西抬升、中间稳定、抬升为主"和"整体沉降"的垂向构造变动特征,绝对强度和相对强度分...     

塔里木盆地库车坳陷中、新生代沉降特征探讨

应用回剥分析方法(Backstripping analalysis)选取有代表性的四条剖面地层,计算了库车盆地中、新生代地层的沉降速率和沉积速率,其中构造沉降在早三叠世、早白垩世、上新世分别达到32.45 m/Ma、37.35 m/Ma和59.82 m/Ma的高峰,沉积速率曲线也清楚的揭示了库车盆地在演化过程中沉降速率起伏变化的特点.结合地震剖面上的构造证据以及岩相古地理、古生物化石证据,分析了库车盆地在中生代以来的构造演化过程,认为库车盆地自中生代以来的构造活动经历了挤压,应力松弛,构造伸展,挤压,应力松弛,再挤压等六个构造活动阶段,说明了盆地演化过程中构造活动的阶段性.由盆地的沉降特点、构造的活动性质,分析认为库车盆地是由三叠纪早期的前陆盆地经历了中生代应力松弛、盆地伸展以及晚白垩世的挤压隆升和剥蚀,经过早第三世的海侵,在新生代再次复活,是再生的前陆盆地.     

加里东期华南的盆地演化与层序格架

加里东期,华南处于板块活动阶段.盆地演化经历了从被动大陆边缘到前陆盆地一个完整的构造旋回,盆地性质的转化是通过奥陶/寒武纪之间的郁南运动,由南东向北西方向推进;志留纪末发生的加里东造山运动,使华夏和扬子两大陆块沿江山-绍兴断裂带最终拼合在一起,形成宽阔的南华褶皱带.据此,将华南加里东阶段划分为一个Ⅰ级层序和7个Ⅱ级层序.Ⅱ级层序SS1代表了被动陆缘盆地发展的初始阶段,Ⅱ级层序SS2～SS5是华南被动大陆边缘盆地由发展到成熟的阶段,Ⅱ级层序SS6是华南由被动大陆边缘向前陆盆地演化的过渡时期,Ⅱ级层序SS7是华南前陆盆地发展的初始阶段.     

塔里木盆地牙哈地区库车组沉积特征及演化

在岩心精确描述基础上,根据电测曲线和地震属性资料,分析研究区内的岩石类型、沉积结构与构造、沉积序列等相标志,结合区域沉降背景,得出研究区为泛滥平原上发育的曲流河沉积体系;并识别出河床、堤岸、河漫和牛轭湖4个亚相。在相认识的前提下,对南北-东西两个方向的沉积相连井剖面和工区沉积相平面加以研究,认为库车组自下而上沉积演化的规律是由平水期以河床为主的组合亚相,到高水位时期的以堤岸为主的组合亚相,最后再到洪泛期的河漫亚相,整体体现出了一个湖进上升半旋回的特征。     

建昌-喀左盆地中生代构造演化

为了探讨建昌—喀左盆地中生代演化规律，根据地层接触关系和构造特征，建昌—喀左盆地中生代地层可划分为早三叠世构造层、侏罗纪构造层和早白垩世构造层；早三叠世—侏罗纪末发育收缩构造样式、白垩纪发育伸展构造样式。从各构造样式的特点得出建昌—喀左盆地中生代构造演化：早三叠世—侏罗纪末，地球半径减小、岩石圈板块白转加快且向两极漂移。由于太平洋板块相对欧亚板块向北漂移。在盆地所在区形成收缩构造样式；进入白垩纪，地球半径增加、岩石圈板块自转减慢且向赤道漂移。由于太平洋板块相对欧亚板块向南漂移。在盆地所在区形成伸展构造样式。     

Late Yanshan-Himalayan hydrocarbon reservoir adjustment and hydrothermal fluid activity in the central Tarim Basin

The adjustment of primary hydrocarbon reservoirs in marine formations is an important feature of the oil pools in the Tarim Basin. Large-scale hydrocarbon adjustment is related to the strong regional tectonic movements, which is always accompanied by extensive migration of basin fluids including diagenetic and mineralizing fluids. Organic fluid inclusions are well developed in hydrothermal mine- rals, such as fluorite, which have been found in the dissolution-enlarged fractures or karstification caves in the Ordovician in the central Tarim Basin. Proved by well drilling, the fluorite deposit is good reservoir for oil and gas. So the peculiar accompanied or superimposed relationship between fluorite hydrothermal fluid mineralization and hydrocarbon migration and accumulation exists in the Ordovician in the central Tarim Basin. Considering regional tectonic setting and mineralization condition, through different kinds of analytic methods including electron spin resonance dating, fluid inclusion laser Raman and colonial inclusions hydrocarbon fossil analysis, we proposed that extensive mineralizing fluids and hydrocarbon migration occurred in late Yanshan-Himalayan （110.4-30.8 Ma） period, and Himalayan, especially, is an important period for hydrocarbon accumulation from 34.3 Ma to present.     

Late Yanshan-Himalayan hydrocarbon reservoir adjustment and hydrotherrnal fluid activity in the central Tarim Basin

The adjustment of primary hydrocarbon reservoirs in marine formations is an important feature of the oil pools in the Tarim Basin. Large-scale hydrocarbon adjustment is related to the strong regional tectonic movements, which is always accompanied by extensive migration of basin fluids including diagenetic and mineralizing fluids. Organic fluid inclusions are well developed in hydrothermal minerals, such as fluorite, which have been found in the dissolution-enlarged fractures or karstification caves in the Ordovician in the central Tarim Basin. Proved by well drilling, the fluorite deposit is good reservoir for oil and gas. So the peculiar accompanied or superimposed relationship between fluorite hydrothermal fluid mineralization and hydrocarbon migration and accumulation exists in the Ordovician in the central Tarim Basin. Considering regional tectonic setting and mineralization condition,through different kinds of analytic methods including electron spin resonance dating, fluid inclusion laser Raman and colonial inclusions hydrocarbon fossil analysis, we proposed that extensive mineralizing fluids and hydrocarbon migration occurred in late Yanshan-Himalayan (110.4-30.8 Ma) period, and Himalayan, especially, is an important period for hydrocarbon accumulation from 34.3 Ma to present.     

塔里木盆地顺北地区中下奥陶统流体改造与油气充注耦合关系

为明确顺北地区中下奥陶统流体改造与油气充注耦合关系,通过对方解石充填物进行阴极发光、流体包裹体显微镜下观察和油包裹体及其伴生盐水包裹体均一温度测试分析,结合方解石微区原位U-Pb同位素定年开展顺北地区中下奥陶统流体改造期次及序列、油气充注期次和时期及流体改造与油气充注耦合关系研究。结果表明：一间房组和鹰山组上段均经历多期流体改造,形成了具有不同阴极发光特征的多期方解石充填物,两者区别在于鹰山组地层未经历大气水改造;油包裹体荧光显示呈现蓝绿色-蓝白色,指示原油成熟度较高,且一间房组与油包裹体共生的盐水包裹体均一温度分布范围84℃～98℃,平均均一温度92.49℃和113℃～130℃,平均均一温度119.91℃、鹰山组上段均一温度分布范围91.2℃～104℃,平均均一温度96.1℃和112.7℃～128.1℃,平均均一温度119.97℃,表明存在加里东晚期和海西晚期-印支期两期油气充注,主成藏期为海西晚期-印支期。烃类包裹体宿主矿物方解石微区原位U-Pb测试表明,其主要形成于加里东中晚期（466.8±8Ma ～ 470.6±4.5Ma）,揭示油气充注发生在加里东晚期混源流体改造形成的具备红色-橙红色阴极发光特征方解石之后。