Responses of plant rhizosphere to atmospheric CO2 enrichment

Plant root growth is generally stimulated under elevated CO₂. This will bring more carbon to the below-ground through root death and exudate. This potential increase in below-ground carbon sink may lead to changes in long-term soil sequestration and relationship between host plants and symbions. On the other hand, changes in litter components due to the changes in plant chemical composition may also affect soil processes, such as litter decomposition, soil organic matter sequestration and hetero-nutritional bacteria activities. These issues are discussed.     

Responses of plant rhizosphere to atmospheric CO2 enrichment

Plant root growth is generally stimulated under elevated CO2. This will bring more carbon to the below-ground through root death and exudate. This potential increase in below-ground carbon sink may lead to changes in long-term soil sequestration and relationship between host plants and symbions. On the other hand, changes in litter components due to the changes in plant chemical composition may also affect soil processes, such as litter decomposition, soil organic matter sequestration and hetero-nutritional bacteria activities. These issues are discussed.     

Fractal analysis for root growth of plant seedlings under doubled CO2 concentration

Fractal geometry was applied and box dimension was used as an indicator to analyze the effects of doubled CO₂ concentration on the root growth of plant seedlings. Results showed that doubled CO₂ concentration displayed different effects on root branching characteristics of C₃ and C₄ plants. There was an obvious increase of root branches in spring wheat while there were no significant effects on roots of sweet sorghum. In different soil layers, root branching of spring wheat was stimulated and this promotion was most significant in the second layer (10–20 cm), which denoted that elevated CO₂ altered the root branching pattern. That means higher CO₂ concentration influences not only root growth but also its differentiation and development.     

Effect of elevated CO2 on CH4 emission

Global CH₄ emission may increase under CO₂ enrichment condition, which is projected for the future. CO₂ enrichment could affect CH₄ emission in two ways: (i) Photosynthesis of plants that also include plants in rice paddies and natural wetlands will be stimulated under CO₂ enrichment condition. CH₄ emission rate may be increased due to the accumulation of more plant biomass, root exudes and soil organic matters. (ii) Combined with other global warming forces, CO₂ enrichment may bring a change of atmospheric temperature and precipitation around the world. CH₄ emission will also be changed with the variation of the area and distribution of rice paddies and natural wetlands.     

亚高山红桦根及根际土壤生化特性对升高温度和CO2的响应

通过川西亚高山野外大型控制实验,研究了红桦不同密度下的根系生物量、根际土壤微生物数量和根际土壤酶活性对短期升高温度（ET,相对室外平均升温2.4±0.4 ℃）、升高大气CO2浓度（EC,平均增加15.5±1.0 μmol·L^-1）及交互作用（ETC,生长室相对室外平均升温2.2±0.5　℃并CO₂浓度平均增加15.8±1.2　μmol·L^-1）的响应.初步结果表明：升高大气温度或CO₂浓度均能够显著促进红桦低密度和高密度下单株根系生物量;升高温度和CO₂浓度及二者共同升高对微生物类群和数量影响不同,升高温度细菌、真菌数量以及低密度下放线菌数量显著增加,而高密度下放线菌数量显著下降;升高CO₂浓度下高密度时细菌和真菌数量增加而低密度下均显著下降;升高温度（ET）显著抑制高、低密度下红桦根际土壤多酚氧化酶活性,升高CO₂（EC）根际土壤过氧化氢酶活性在2种密度条件下均不同程度升高,土壤脲酶和多酚氧化酶活性则降低;ETC条件下,根际土壤多酚氧化酶和过氧化氢酶在2种密度下均表现出不同程度的降低,但脲酶活性在高、低密度条件下对ETC表现出不同的响应结果.     

Changes of photosynthetic capacity of some plant species under very high CO2 concentrations in Biosphere 2

Conclusions The initial slope of A/ light curve became steep under high CO₂ (700 μmol · mol^-1) compared with that under low CO₂ (350 μmol · mol^-1) for the C₃ species growing in very high CO₂(>2 200 μmol · mol^-1) for a long period. The light compensation points remained unchanged, but the light saturation points were found increased. The ϕ_m,_app and A_max of the C₃ species increased respectively by 79 % and 80 %, while those of C₄ species decreased by 10% and 14%, respectively. The shape of A/light curve of C₄ species did not change. Such results indicated that C₃ species increased the capacity of photosynthesis, while C₄ did not change, otherwise it decreased a little. This work only compared the changes of capacity in photosynthesis of some species under different CO₂ levels in Biosphere 2. We need further investigation on the effects of high CO₂ on the same species outside Biosphere 2, in order to fully undertand the effects and mechanism of response of plants to the elevated CO₂.     

铜胁迫下两种来源野胡萝卜的膜脂过氧化水平比较

研究了在不同浓度的铜处理下,两种来源野胡萝卜(矿区:湖北铜绿山铜矿;正常土壤:湖北武汉严西湖)膜脂过氧化水平和生长情况.结果表明:在相同浓度的铜处理下,非矿区种的丙二醛(MDA)、氧自由基以及过氧化氢含量明显高于矿区种,显示非矿区种体内膜脂过氧化水平较高,受到较严重的过氧化伤害;矿区海洲香薷更能耐受铜胁迫,矿区种已经形成了抗性生态型.     

脱脂棉富集分光光度法测定痕量铜

研究了在表面活性剂Tween-80存在下,Cu(Ⅱ)-PAN-碘化物体系显色反应,其λmax=550 nm处,ε550=6.15×104L@mol-1@cm-1,铜含量在0～14 μg/25 mL范围内符合比耳定律.为了提高体系的选择性,本文提出了用脱脂棉富集铜的方法,简便、快速,用于江水、河水、人发及茶叶的测定,回收率为91%～103%,结果满意.     

致密油储层CO2驱核磁共振实验研究

针对致密油储层动用困难问题本研究以CO_2为注入介质,对致密油注气开发效果进行评价,并借助核磁共振技术,从微观角度阐述了致密油储层注CO_2的驱替特征。实验结果表明,CO_2驱可以有效启动赋存在致密孔隙中的原油,非混相压力下(10 MPa),CO_2突破快,小孔隙中原油未动用,驱替后原油饱和度分布不均匀,驱替效率低;而在混相压力之上(24 MPa),CO_2突破明显变慢,驱替后原油饱和度均匀下降,大小孔隙中的原油均被启动,采出程度较高。此外从采出原油组成可以看出,高压下CO_2抽提作用非常明显,原油组分以C7~C29为主,几乎不合C30+组分,这表明CO_2会导致原油中重质组分在孔隙中沉积。     

A Novel Degradation Pathway of Zn（dmid） （ phen）2 in Pyridine

The light-oxidation degradation processes of Zn(dmid)(phen)2(dmid = 4, 5-dimercapto-1,3-dithiole-2 one, phen = 1,10-phenanthroaline) in pyridine solvent has been monitored, h has been found under the light, dmid^2- of Zn(dmid)(phen)2 in pyridine solution could generate NCS^- and NCS^-replaces dmid^2- to form Zn(NCS)2 (phen)2 simultaneously. The crystal structure of Zn(NCS)2 (phen)2 has been determined. In the crystal of Zn(NCS)2 (phen)2. two NCS^- ligands are arranged in syn-configuration, and there is strong π-π interaction between the two adjacent parallel phen.