大学生内隐老化刻板印象的情境效应

通过情感错误归因程序（AMP）考察不同情境下大学生的内隐老化刻板印象。采用2（情境：专业和普通）×2（年龄启动：年老和年轻）的混合实验设计,记录分析30名大学生在不同情境下对出现在不同年龄词汇之后的目标词的情感反应。结果发现：专业情境下被试对目标词的积极判断比例显著高于普通情境;相对于年轻词汇,被试对老年词汇的积极判断比例更低;相比女生,男生对老年词汇的积极判断比例更低。表明大学生具有内隐老化刻板印象,但存在情境效应,专业情境会显著弱化其内隐老化刻板印象。大学生的内隐老化刻板印象还存在性别差异,男生对老年人的内隐评价更低。     

小学高年级学生内隐英语认知研究

随着内隐社会认知研究方法的不断改进一些研究者把内隐社会认知引入到学科心理认知研究中,提出了内隐学科心理认知。基于以上背景,作者尝试使用内隐联想测验（IAT）对60名小学高年级学生的内隐英语认知进行实证研究。研究表明内隐英语态度和内隐英语自我认同呈显著正相关。     

游戏类型对大学生内隐攻击性的影响

采用内隐联想测验研究暴力游戏、益智游戏和亲社会游戏对大学生攻击性的影响,并分析该影响是否具有性别差异.结果表明:亲社会游戏能够抑制大学生的内隐攻击性;暴力游戏和益智游戏显著提高大学生的内隐攻击性;游戏类型对大学生内隐攻击性的影响与性别无关.实验结果部分支持一般学习模型.     

提升内隐自尊减少社会排斥诱发的攻击性

为探讨提升内隐自尊是否可以减少社会排斥诱发的攻击性,为攻击性干预提供理论依据,采用拒绝范式进行社会排斥操作并设置社会排斥组与控制组,使用阈下评价性条件反射作为内隐自尊干预方式并设置干预组与控制组,测量被试的搭档评价作为攻击性指标.结果表明:阈下评价性条件反射可有效提升内隐自尊;在内隐自尊提升条件下,社会排斥组与控制组攻击性无显著差异;在内隐自尊控制条件下,社会排斥组攻击性显著高于控制组.说明内隐自尊的提升显著的降低社会排斥诱发的攻击性.     

心理疾病内隐污名表征范畴的典型性比较

采用内隐联想测验(IAT)比较了以往研究中常用的概括化概念和具体疾病在心理疾病内隐污名表征中的范畴典型性。结果显示:在IAT分类任务的反应时和正确率上,属性信息(消极词)与概括化概念的配对任务比与具体疾病配对的加工更容易,前者的反应时更快,正确率也更高;相较于具体疾病,概括化概念与属性信息的联结更紧密,具有更高的范畴典型性;心理疾病污名IAT的内隐效应值显著大于0,大多人对心理疾病的内隐态度是负面的,但性别差异不显著。     

内隐攻击性研究综述

自从杨治良等通过实验发现内隐攻击性以来,内隐攻击性便被纳入到了内隐社会认知的范畴,国内学者便采用国内学者主要采用了偏好判断法、内隐联想测验等方法深入广泛研究内隐攻击性的性别差异、年龄差异、被试差异、社会情境、人格特征、启动类型等方面进行了深入的研究,并且取得了相应的成果。     

态度对行为的预测作用研究

目的：从内隐和外显的角度探索态度对行为的预测作用。方法：采用内隐联想测验（IAT）和外显问卷相结合的方法进行研究。结果：外显上偏好健康食品和非健康食品的被试在内隐反应上,也对健康食品和非健康食品的态度更为积极,而且达到了显著水平。外显态度和行为之间的相关达到了显著的水平,而内隐态度与行为没有表现出有显著的相关。结论：外显态度对大学生饮食行为有较好的预测作用,内隐态度对行为的预测作用不显著且有限。     

内隐条件下性别对恐惧刺激加工的影响

采用内隐范式研究了性别差异对恐惧刺激加工的影响.实验一:在533张图片中选出50张图片,这些图片在唤醒度上是匹配的,但是在恐惧度和效价上是不匹配的;实验二:采用双向oddball范式,要求被试区分标准刺激和偏差刺激的内隐范式,研究性别差异对恐惧刺激加工的影响.结果发现:在内隐条件下,男性对中性刺激和恐惧刺激的反应时和正确率不存在显著差异,女性对恐惧刺激的反应显著快于对中性刺激的反应,且在正确率上对恐惧刺激的反应更加准确.女性对恐惧刺激的反应优势可能存在生物进化上的原因.     

师范大学生的内隐自尊与主观幸福感

以87名师范大学生为被试者,采用实验法考察了内隐自尊与主观幸福感的关系.结果表明：师范大学生内隐自尊的性别、年级及经济条件差异均不显著,城乡来源差异显著;师范大学生总体幸福感指数的性别、经济条件差异显著,年级、城乡差异不显著;内隐自尊对主观幸福感有显著的预测效果.     

大学生的内隐攻击实验研究及其与外显攻击的关系

个体攻击的发生发展机制一直是攻击的心理学研究中重要的基础问题,但以往研究较多关注个体的外显攻击．对内隐攻击的研究相对较为匮乏．本研究拟在中国文化背景下考察大学生的内隐攻击与外显攻击的发生特点,包括攻击的性别差异及类型差异,并在此基础上探讨内隐攻击与外显攻击的关系．以190名大学生为被试,采用任务分离范式中的偏好测验测评被试的内隐攻击,采用自我报告的攻击问卷测评被试的外显攻击．1）在外显攻击上,男性身体攻击显著高于女性,言语攻击和关系攻击的性别差异不显著;个体言语攻击显著高于身体攻击、关系攻击,身体攻击和关系攻击之间差异不显著．2）在内隐攻击任务上,相对于攻击词,被试更加偏好中性词．3）内隐攻击的性别差异与类型差异均不显著．4）大学生的内隐攻击与外显攻击之间不存在显著关联．结论：内隐攻击与外显攻击存在性别差异与类型差异,两类攻击间无显著相关,支持内隐一外显结构分离论．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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