基于近红外技术快速检测青金桔果粉中β-胡萝卜素含量

以青金桔原粉为研究对象,采集不同时间热处理的青金桔果粉近红外光谱(900～1700nm)信息,经不同预处理,运用偏最小二乘回归(partial least square regression,PLS)法建立β-胡萝卜素含量的预测模型,实现靑金桔果粉中β-胡萝卜素含量的快速无损检测。试验结果显示,经标准正态变换(standard normal variate,SNV)预处理在1300～1700 nm范围内光谱信息构建的PLS模型,预测效果较好,模型均方根误差(RMSEC)、交叉验证均方根误差(RMSECV)、预测均方根误差(RM-SEP)分别为0.08、0.14和0.05,校正集决定系数(R2c)、交叉验证集决定系数(R2cv)和预测集决定系数(R2p)分别为0.95、0.87和0.95。由此表明,利用近红外光谱技术可潜在实现对青金桔果粉中β-桔胡萝卜素含量的快速检测。     

基于高光谱图像技术和波长选择方法的羊肉掺假检测方法研究

针对肉类掺假的定量检测问题,建立了基于高光谱图像技术结合波长选择方法以及偏最小二乘(PLS)法的羊肉掺假无损检测方法.试验搭建了羊肉-猪肉的高光谱图像采集系统,对选取的99个样本进行高光谱图像(390~1040nm)采集并提取感兴趣区域光谱.比较了多种预处理方法对全波长模型的影响,标准正态变量校正(SNV)为最优光谱预处理方法,校正决定系数R2CV达到0.93,预测决定系数R2P达到0.96,校正均方根误差RMSECV为8.33%,预测均方根误差RMSEP为6.18%.采用多种波长选择方法对光谱全波段520个变量进行变量选择,最终确定基于竞争性自适应重加权算法(CARS)的简化模型最优,其R2C=0.96,R2CV=0.94,R2P=0.96,RMSEC=6.55%,RMSECV=7.66%,RMSEP=6.10%.高光谱图像技术结合CARS能够对掺假羊肉进行准确的定量检测,可为羊肉掺假的在线无损检测提供理论依据.     

用近红外光谱法实时监测蛹虫草发酵中胞内多糖的质量浓度

应用近红外光谱(NIR)结合偏最小二乘法(PLS)建立一种实时监测蛹虫草发酵中胞内多糖质量浓度的新方法.对39个批次的蛹虫草在3个不同条件的5L发酵罐中进行蛹虫草深层发酵,发酵过程中间隔一定时间取样,采集样品的近红外光谱,并按常规方法测定样品中胞内多糖质量浓度,再采用PLS法建立样品的近红外光谱与胞内多糖质量浓度间的模型,所建模型经过选择最适光谱预处理方法和最适隐变量数进行优化,其留一交互验证预测值与化学测定参考值间的相关系数R=0.8750,交互验证均方根误差RMSECV=0.3052.采用最优PLS模型对样品中胞内多糖质量浓度进行预测,校正集预测均方根误差RMSEC=0.1670,预测集预测均方根误差RMSEP=0.3650,表明模型的稳健性和预测性能较好。     

基于近红外与拉曼光谱的甲醇汽油定量分析

利用近红外和拉曼光谱法定量分析了甲醇汽油中甲醇的含量,采用偏最小二乘法(partial least squares,PLS)建立甲醇的定量模型.近红外光谱法测定甲醇定量模型的预测集相关系数RP为0.998,预测均方根误差(RMSEP)为0.289%;拉曼光谱法测定甲醇定量模型的预测集相关系数RP为0.982,预测均方根误差(RMSEP)为1.141%.实验表明,近红外与拉曼光谱技术均可用于甲醇汽油中甲醇含量的快速检测.     

基于高光谱技术的牛肉-猪肉掺假检测

利用高光谱技术建立一种牛肉-猪肉掺假的快速无损检测方法.通过对样本集进行划分、光谱预处理以及特征波长的选择,建立了全波长和选择波长的掺假定量检测模型.结果表明:基于基线校正光谱预处理所得的偏最小二乘回归(PLSR)预测模型最优,其交叉验证决定系数R2CV=0.97、预测决定系数R2P=0.98,均方根误差RMSECV=5.20%、RMSEP=4.23%.此外,用回归系数法优选5个波长点作为特征波长进行建模,所得模型与全波长模型相比,具有变量少、结构简单、性能更优等优点.     

采用近红外光谱技术快速检测桃汁原汁含量的方法研究

利用近红外光谱技术结合偏最小二乘法（PLS）对桃汁样本中原汁的含量进行定量分析. 采用5种不同预处理方法优化检测数据,结果表明标准化预处理所建立的定量检测模型性能最优,其预测相关系数（R²_p）、预测均方根误差（RMSEP)、校正相关系数（R²_c）、校正均方根误差（RMSEC）分别为0.9988、0.0140、0.9973、0.0212. 研究为桃汁等果汁饮品中原汁含量的检测提供一种快速、无损、简便、廉价、准确的方法.     

基于降噪处理的蒙古栎木材气干密度NIRS定标模型

分别采用卷积平滑法、小波变换法对蒙古栎木材近红外光谱(NIRS)做去噪处理,并讨论两者混合去噪时,处理顺序变化对光谱去噪效果的影响,最后应用偏最小二乘法(partial least squares regression,PLS)和主成分回归法建立蒙古栎木材气干密度近红外定标模型。结果表明,当平滑点数为3,db5小波分解层数为2时,以平滑+小波方式去噪效果最好,其信噪比(SNR)为18.546,均方根误差为0.04。平滑+小波去噪后,基于PLS的蒙古栎木材密度近红外校正模型决定系数由0.767提高到0.902,校正均方根误差降低了35.32%,预测集决定系数为0.860,内部交叉验证和预测均方根误差分别达到最低,剩余预测偏差为2.67。因此,近红外光谱技术可实现蒙古栎木材气干密度快速预测,合理选择处理参数和建模方法可以有效提高模型精度。     

基于近红外光谱技术的葵花籽品质分析

葵花籽作为国内需求量很大的油料作物,常用的化学检测方法虽然准确性高,但是时间久,破坏样本完整性,难以实现快速检测。为了研究近红外光谱法快速无损检测葵花籽中蛋白、脂肪及水分含量的准确性,本文使用454份葵花籽样本近红外光谱数据及蛋白质、水、脂肪三个含量信息为测试对象,随机选取其中383份作为测试集,71份作为验证集,对测试集使用不同的预处理方法之后分别进行PLS和BP神经网络建模,并通过验证集对模型进行预测分析。结果发现:(1)PLS模型预测中发现小波变换的预处理方法对蛋白质含量的预测最好RMSECV=0.343,RMSEP=0.296,小波变换的预处理方法对水分含量的预测最好RMSECV=0.299,RMSEP=0.354,标准化的预处理方法对脂肪含量的预测最好RMSECV=0.285, RMSEP=0.316;BP神经网络预测中一阶导数+均值中心化对蛋白质含量的预测最好RMSEP=0.341,一阶导数对水分含量的预测最好RMSEP=0.329,一阶导数+标准化对脂肪含量的预测最好RMSEP=0.312。(2)BP神经网络模型与PLS模型预测对比发现,PLS模型预测精度要高于BP神经网络模型。     

偏最小二乘法用于近红外漫反射光谱测定异福片

应用近红外漫反射光谱结合偏最小二乘法(NIR PLS)对异福片中利福平和异烟肼的含量进行定量分析, 所建立的定量分析模型对校正集样品中利福平和异烟肼的含量预测回归系数分别为0.992　77,0.989　01,交互验证均方根误差(RMSECV)分别 为0.006　65,0.004　23.对预测集样品利福平、 异烟肼的含量预测均方根误差(RMSEP)分别为0.005　73,0.003　79;加样平均回收率分别为99.376%和98.243%;重现性实验相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为0.679　3%和0.639　8%.结果表明, 该方法预测精度高, 且具有方便快捷、 非破坏、 无污染、 可在线检测、 重现性好等优点, 可作为异福片原位质量检测和在线质量监控的方法予 以推广.     

应用间隔随机蛙结合连续投影算法检测橡胶树叶片氮含量

研究了基于可见/近红外光谱技术的橡胶树叶片氮含量无损检测方法。总共采集了176个橡胶树叶片样本,以350～2 500 nm的可见/近红外数据作为试验数据。首先,采用一种新颖的间隔随机蛙(iRF)算法选择交互验证均方根误差(RMSECV)最小的波长间隔组合;然后,采用连续投影算法(SPA)进一步选择特征波长;最后,将选出的特征波长作为输入变量,建立偏最小二乘法(PLS)模型。研究结果表明:通过两步策略进行波长选择,iRF算法粗选,从全光谱2 151个变量中筛选出714个,再采用SPA算法细选,从714个变量中进一步筛选出20个最优变量,降低了信息冗余,变量数减少了99.07%。建立的简化模型结果校正均方根误差(RMSEC)、校正相关系数(R_c)、预测均方根误差(RMSEP)、预测相关系数(R_p)分别为0.091 3%、0.956 5、0.123 8%和0.901 8,比PLS、间隔偏最小二乘法(iPLS)、iRF算法和SPA有更低的均方根误差和更高的相关系数。因此,iRF-SPA可以作为一种策略的波长选择方法用于检测橡胶树叶片氮含量。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with