Electric transmission behavior of self-assembled Cu–W nano multilayers

Metallic nano multilayers were usually prepared by dual targets alternating deposition method. In this paper, a series of self-assembled Cu–W nano multilayers with different modulation periods were deposited on single crystal silicon substrate by dual targets confocal magnetron sputtering technique. The self-assembled film presented an alternation of W-rich layer and Cu-rich layer. The degree of coherence of the layered interface can be adjusted by controlling both the solid solubility of W-rich...     

Relationship between giant magnetoresistance of NiFe/Cu multilayers and their microstructures

The (111)-orientated NiFe/Cu multilayers were prepared by magnetron sputtering method. At room temperature, saturation magnetoresistances of NiFe/CU multilayers oscillate as a function of Cu spacer layer thickness. Two peak GMR values of 19.4%, 11.6% and 11.2%, 1% appear, respectively, at Cu sublayer thickness of t_Cu,= 1.0, 2.2 nm while the deposition pressures are 0.25 and 0.45 Pa. X-ray small-angle reflections and diffuse scattering at Cu K-edge (8.979 keV) by synchrotron radiation source were used to characterize the interfacial roughness. Diffraction anomalous fine-structure scattering (DAFS) was performed to investigate the local structure of NiFe and Cu sublayers. Results show that the deposition pressure has effect on interfacial roughness of the samples obviously, and the interfacial roughness also affects the GMR values of the samples strongly.     

Flexible organic light-emitting diodes with ITO／Ag／ITO multi-layers as anodes

The transparent ITO/Ag/ITO multi-layers are developed as anodes on flexible PET (poly(ethylene terephthalate)) substrates. The influence of these anodes on FOLED (Flexible Organic Light-emitting Diodes) is investigated. From the results of research, it can be seen that the multi-layer anode has optimum characteristics, whose sheetresistance is 11 Ω and optical transmittance is about 80%,when the thickness of Ag sandwiched by two ITO layers is in the range of 14--18 nm. It is demonstrated that the OLED devices with multi-layer anodes give better luminescence and higher efficiency compared with those with single ITO anodes.     

Modulation structure stability of heat-treated Co/C and CoN/CN soft X-ray multilayers

Modulation structure stability of Co/C and CoN/CN soft X ray multilayers has been investigated by X ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. The graphitization of the amorphous carbon layers in Co/C multilayers causes a period expansion of 12% at annealing temperatures below 400℃. An enormous period expansion (～40%) induced by the crystallization and agglomeration of Co layers has been observed at 500℃. While the period expansion of CoN/CN multilayers is only 4% at 400℃. The interface pattern of the CoN/CN multilayers still exists even if they were annealed at 700℃. The relatively good thermal stability of CoN/CN multilayers can be attributed to the suppression of the formation of the sp 3 bonding and, at annealing temperatures higher than the phase transition temperature of 420℃ (from hcp to fcc), the coexistence of hcp and fcc Co structures through doping nitrogen.     

离子束辅助沉积法制备TiAlN/TiB2纳米多层膜的研究

运用离子束辅助沉积法(IBAD)制备了一系列具有不同调制比例的TiAlN/TiB2纳米多层膜,利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和纳米压痕等表征手段研究了薄膜调制比例对其硬度、内应力和膜基结合力等力学性质的影响.结果表明:随着调制比例从8∶1变化到25∶1,多层膜的硬度在29～34 GPa之间变化,所有多层膜的硬度均高于TiAlN和TiB2两种各体层材料通过混合法则得的结果,结合XRD结果分析认为,TiAlN(111)择优取向是薄膜硬度升高的一个重要原因.     

The influence of the nonmagnetic metal spacer Bi, Ag and Cu on the properties of the multilayer films

When a ferromagnetic (FM)/antiferromagnetic (AFM) bilayer is field-cooled below the Neel temperature (TN) of the AF layer, a unidirectional anisotropy is induced in the FM. Exchange bias is one of the phenomena as- sociated with the exchange anisotorpy cr…     

The age of the “old red sand” on the coasts of south Fujian and west Guangdong, China

The sedimentary strata and deposition ages of the “old red sand” distributed along the coasts of south Fujian and west Guangdong are determined by lithostratigraphy, magnetic stratigraphy and earth chemistry combined with TL, ESR and¹⁴C-dating techniques. The research shows that the “old red sand” was aeolian sediments deposited from 55 400 to 9 000 aBP, the last glacial period in the middle and later age of Late Pleistocene. Most of them deposited in two periods of 56-42 ka and 30-10 ka. The “old red sand” deposited in the period of 30-10 ka, the later Würm glacier substage (Q ₃ ³ ), developed on the largest scale with the widest distribution.     

W/SiC纳米多层膜的调制结构及调制界面

采用XRD和HREM技术研究了多靶磁控溅射法制备的W／SiC纳米多层膜的微结构，结果表明，在多层膜中，SiC调制层为非晶态；W调制层在大调制周期时为纳米晶，随调制周期减小逐渐转变为非晶态，W／SiC纳米多层膜的调制结构界面平直，清晰，周期性好，而在原子尺度上，界面存在一个成分混合和结构调整的过渡区。     

Structure and magnetic properties of [FePt／Ag]10 multilayer films

[FePt/Ag]10 multilayers were deposited on glass substrates by magnetron sputtering. After being annealed at 550℃ for 30 rain, the coercivities of [FePt/Ag]10 multilayer films were observably improved. Magnetic properties of[FePt/Ag]10 multilayer films are influenced by the Ag content. The highest coercivity is obtained for those multilayer films that the Ag content is about 25%. The analysis for the remanence curves shows that the lower FePt layer thickness is favorable for decreasing the intergranular interaction. Result of XRD shows that a thick Ag layer can enhance the intensity of FePt(001) peak. A magnetic activation volume of the order of 10^-24 m^3 is obtained by the measurement of magnetic viscosity, showing that it is promising to be ultrahigh density recording media.     

Epitaxial growth of Fe/Ag single crystal superlattices and their magnetic properties

Single crystal Fe/Ag(001) superlattices with various periodicities were fabricated using ultrahigh vacuum evaporation deposition. It was found that single crystal bcc Fe layers and single crystal fcc Ag layers can epitaxially grow on a single crystal Ag buffer layer alternately, which was deposited on NaCl single crystal chips by ion beam assisted deposition. The magnetic measurements of the superlattices reveal an oscillation coupling between ferromagnetism and antiferromagnetism as a function of the Ag layer thickness. The oscillation period, which is 1 nm (5 Ag layers), is in good agreement with the calculated values when the Ag thickness is greater than 1.5 nm. While the thickness of the Ag spacer layer decreases to 1 nm, the oscillation coupling varies from calculations, which can be attributed to the intermixing of the interlayers according to the annealing results.     

X射线能量色散谱表征纳米多层膜的调制结构

提出并讨论了采用 X射线色散谱 ( EDX)技术表征纳米多层膜调制结构的原理和方法 ,对Ti N/ Nb N纳米多层膜的调制结构特征进行了表征 ,并与横截面透射电子显微镜 ( TEM)表征方法进行比较 .结果表明 ,对于多层膜的调制比 ,EDX是一种更为精确和方便的方法 .采用 EDX结合 X射线衍射 ( XRD)技术可以准确、方便地表征纳米多层膜的调制结构 .     

调制比对TiB2/TiAlN纳米多层膜结构和机械性能的影响

利用射频磁控溅射技术在室温下合成了具有纳米调制周期的TiB2/TiAlN多层膜.分别采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、表面轮廓仪、纳米力学测试系统和多功能材料表面性能实验仪分析了调制比对TiB2/TiAlN纳米多层膜结构和机械性能的影响.结果表明:大部分多层膜的纳米硬度和弹性模量值均高于两种个体材料混合相的值,在调制比为t ...     

内场助结构Ag-O-Cs光电发射薄膜真空制备研究

通过掩膜预处理和挡板转移技术的配合,利用真空沉积方法首次制备了内场助结构Ag-O-Cs 光电发射薄膜。Ag-O-Cs薄膜内场助光电发射特性测试结果表明,该方法能够有效地实现Ag-O-Cs 薄膜体内电场的加载与表面电极的引出,薄膜光电灵敏度随内场偏压的增大而上升。Ag-O-Cs 薄膜在内场作用下的光电发射增强现象与薄膜体内能带结构变化、低能电子参与光电发射等物理机制有关。     

“Chi-Fang-Qi”: Is it the aureole of an ancient supernova?

An annotation for the statement about JingXing (Great Star) in the most famous Chinese ancient historical book Ski Ji Historical Records authored by Sima Qian reads as follows: “There was a red aureole (“Chi-Fang-Qi”) which connected with a deep-color aureole (“Qing-Fang-Qi”). Two yellaw stars were in the red aureole,one yellow star was in the deep-color aureole”. The author of the annotation was Meng Kang, an officer as well as a scholar of the Wei State in the Three Kingdoms period. The same records are to be found in two other Chinese histurical books compiled by the authors of later ages in Tang Dynasty——Jin History and Sui History. The scene illustrated by the record of “Chi-Fang-Qi” is very similar to the pictures of SN1987A taken by the Hubble Space Telescope. Let it be noted that although the ancient authors were often with serious wrong understandings of some astronomical phenomena such as supernovae, their depictions about natural phenomena they witnessed were mostly objective, and it was unlikely that they fictionally made the record of “Chi-Fang-Qi”. We infer that the ancient observers might have ever watched a very bright supernnva with an aureole structure in its remnant and then left such a record. Meng Kang perhaps was the first to give the record about“Chi-Fang-Qi”, and he might have lived in the period from about AD 180 to AD250, very near to AD 185. so, here the supernova the ancient people watched was most likely the one in the year of AD 185. This supposition is consistent with the distance parameter of the most possible remnant of SN185 derived by some modern measurements. If the correlation between the record of “Chi-Fang-Qi” and the supernova remnant can he further proven true, it would be an important verification of the modern theory about stellar evolution.     

VN/(Ti,Al)N纳米多层膜的共格生长与超硬效应

采用反应磁控溅射技术制备了一系列具有不同调制周期的VN/(Ti,Al) N纳米多层膜.利用高分辨透射电子显微镜、X-射线衍射仪和微力学探针表征了纳米多层膜的微结构和力学性能,从而研究其微结构与力学性能之间的关系.结果表明,小调制周期时,VN/(Ti,Al) N纳米多层膜沿薄膜生长方向呈现出具有面心立方(111)晶面择优取向的共格外延生长结构.由于存在晶格错配,在共格界面作用下,VN和(Ti,Al)N调制层分别受到拉、压应力,在多层膜中产生以调制周期为周期的交变应力场.这种应力场大大阻碍了薄膜中位错穿过界面的运动,从而导致薄膜产生硬度和弹性模量异常升高的超硬效应,并在调制周期为5.6 nm时,达到硬度和弹性模量的最高值38.4GPa和421 GPa.进一步增加调制周期,两调制层之间产生非共格界面,破坏了薄膜中的交变应力场,薄膜的硬度和弹性模量也随之降低.     

Observational study of the circulation in the southern South China Sea

CTD data from two oceanographic survey cruises, conducted by “Shiyan No. 3” R/V during two reversing monsoons, were employed to calculate and analyze the distributions of temperature, salinity and geopotential anomaly in the southern South China Sea (SSCS). Based on these distributions, the horizontal structures of the SSCS circulation are described systematically. Study results show that the SSCS circulation structure could be classified as a two-layer (the upper and the lower) pattern, and that the main circulation in the upper layer (0–400 m) is driven by the South China Sea monsoons and is opposite in direction to the reversal of the monsoons. The distributions of principal current systems and their features are presented. Two important local phenomena, local eddy and oceanic front, were observed.     

衬底掺杂浓度对p-i-n结构电致发光的增强作用

采用等离子体增强化学气相淀积系统,应用原位氧化和原位掺杂技术制备出了以非晶硅/二氧化硅多层膜结构为本征i层、分别以磷和硼掺杂的非晶硅作为n型和p型区的p-i-n结构。经过三步后退火处理,i层晶化得到纳米硅/二氧化硅多层膜结构,磷和硼掺杂的非晶硅结晶形成多晶硅结构。衬底采用轻和重掺杂两种不同浓度的p型单晶硅。重掺杂衬底上的p-i-n结构的电致发光特性比轻掺杂的具有更低的开启电压和更高的发光强度和效率。根据载流子的输运机制分析,重掺杂的p+硅衬底一方面有效的降低了载流子的隧穿势垒,提高了载流子的有效注入效率,进而提高了电致发光强度和效率;另一方面,重掺杂衬底也降低了器件的总串联电阻,是器件开启电压降低的主要原因。     

GM制冷机环境下高温超导体的失超行为

对高温超导体Bi2223/Ag带材在GM制冷机工作环境(30~70 K)下的失超行为进行了实验研究.建立一套GM制冷机条件下超导体失超传播特性的测试装置,使用LabVIEW语言编写了实验测试系统的控制程序,对高温超导体在不同工作条件下的失超传播速度进行测量.失超传播速度随温度的升高而加快,随电流的增加而增大.温度越高,电流越大,超导稳定性越差,失超传播越容易产生,实验结果符合理论分析.     

BGA封装中含Bi,Ni的无铅焊球剪切强度研究

对Sn/3.5Ag/0.7Cu,Sn/3Ag/3Bi/0.5Cu和Sn/3Ag/3Bi/0.5Cu/0.1Ni三种BGA无铅焊球(0.76 mm)经不同热循环后,在FR-4基板上的剪切强度进行了测量.采用SEM和EDX对样品截面进行观察和元素分析.数据表明,Bi的掺入提高了焊料的润湿性及焊接强度,并减缓了IMC的生长速度;焊料中加入微量Ni可有效减小焊点下金属上Ni镀层的耗穿速度,抑制了焊球经热循环后焊接强度的下降.     

Influence of modulation period for β-Cu2+xSe/SiC nano-multilayer films on their thermoelectric properties

In this study, β-Cu_2+xSe/SiC nano-multilayer films with different modulation period were successfully deposited on SiO₂/Si substrates by sputtering alternately using Cu–Se and SiC targets. The deposited films were observed on both surface and cross-section, and the thermoelectric properties were studied. The results show that both carrier concentration and mobility at room temperature decreased with the reducing modulation period for the nano-multilayer films. The conductivity slightly decreased and Seebeck coefficient greatly increased with the reducing modulation period. As a result of competition, the power factor of the nano multilayer films increased with the reducing modulation period because the positive effect of the Seebeck coefficient exceeded the negative effect of the conductivity. In the case of β-Cu_2+xSe/SiC nano multilayer film with the smallest modulation periods (210 ?nm), the power factor reached 0.39 ?mWm^?1K^?2 and 0.59 ?mWm^?1K^?2 at room temperature and 325 ?°C, respectively. The enhanced power factor for nano multilayer films is attributed to the scattering process at the β-Cu_2+xSe/SiC layer interface, which reduces the carrier concentration and the mobility. It is concluded that the thermoelectric properties of β-Cu_2+xSe films can be effectively improved by designing nano multilayer structure.