Non-marine Jurassic rocks of Thailand: A summary

Non-marine Jurassic rocks are widespread in the northeastern part (Khorat Plateau), and partly in the northern, eastern, and southern parts of Thailand. In the Khorat Plateau, the rocks, more than 1000 m thick, are represented by the Phu Kradung and Phra Wihan Formations of the Khorat Group but are less extensive in the north, east, and south. Reddish brown to grayish purple sandstones, siltstones, claystones, conglomeratic sandstones and conglomerates are the main lithologies; calcrete nodules are also present in claystones only in the Phu Kradung Formation. Deposition occurred mostly in meandering and braided rivers in semi-arid and slightly humid conditions for the Phu Kradung and Phra Wihan Formations, respectively, except for the southern rocks, where lacustrine deposits dominate. Age determinations are based mainly on vertebrates, bivalves and palynomorphs indicating reassignment to the Jurassicpossibly Early Cretaceous.     

Lithostratigraphy and faunal aspects of marine Jurassic rocks in Thailand

Thai marine Jurassic rocks are well exposed in the Mae Sot, Umphang, and Phop Phra areas, less extensively near Mae Hong Son, Kanchanaburi, Chumphon, Nakhon Si Thammarat and Krabi. Generally they rest unconformably on Permian and Triassic, and are overlain by Quaternary strata. Fourteen lithostratigraphic units are defined (in ascending order): Pa Lan, Mai Hung, Kong Mu formations of the Huai Pong Group-Mae Hong Son area; Khun Huai, Doi Yot, Pha De formations of the Hua Fai Group-Mae Sot area; Klo Tho, Ta Sue Kho, Pu Khloe Khi, Lu Kloc Tu formations of the Umphang Group-Umphang area; and Khlong Min Formation-Chumphon, Nakhon Si Thammarat, and Krabi areas. Dominant widespread mudstones, siltstones and sandstones; limestones are confined to the Mae Sot, Phob Phra, Umphang, Kanchanaburi and Mae Hong Son areas; marls are found only in Mae Sot. Sequences are approximately 900 m thick (Mae Sot), 450 m thick (Umphang) and thinner elsewhere, especially the south. Based on ammonites, brackish to marine bivalves, and foraminifera, the beds are dated mainly as ToarcianEarly Bajocian.     

Lithostratigraphy and faunal aspects of marine Jurassic rocks in Thailand

Thai marine Jurassic rocks are well exposed in the Mae Sot, Umphang, and Phop Phra areas, less extensively near Mae Hong Son, Kanchanaburi, Chumphon, Nakhon Si Thammarat and Krabi. Generally they rest unconformably on Permian and Triassic, and are overlain by Quaternary strata. Fourteen lithostratigraphic units are defined (in ascending order): Pa Lan, Mai Hung, Kong Mu formations of the Huai Pong Group-Mae Hong Son area; Khun Huai, Doi Yot, Pha De formations of the Hua Fai Group-Mae Sot area; Klo Tho, Ta Sue Kho, Pu Khloe Khi, Lu Kloc Tu formations of the Umphang Group-Umphang area; and Khlong Min Formation-Chumphon, Nakhon Si Thammarat, and Krabi areas. Dominant widespread mudstones, siltstones and sandstones; limestones are confined to the Mae Sot, Phob Phra, Umphang, Kanchanaburi and Mae Hong Son areas; marls are found only in Mae Sot. Sequences are approximately 900 m thick (Mae Sot), 450 m thick (Umphang) and thinner elsewhere, especially the south. Based on ammonites, brackish to marine bivalves, and foraminifera, the beds are dated mainly as ToarcianEarly Bajocian.     

泰国呵呖高原盆地油气成藏组合与资源潜力

针对海外含油气盆地勘探程度较低、资料相对匮乏的问题,以呵呖高原盆地为例开展了成藏组合及油气资源潜力研究,研究中以构造沉积演化成藏的递进控制作用为核心,获得了以下认识。晚古生代新生代,盆地构造演化可划分为两期构造层序TS1和TS2;其中,TS1构造层序内主要充填浅海相滨岸、陆棚、碳酸盐岩台地沉积,TS2构造层序内主要充填陆相冲积扇、河流、湖泊沉积;沉积相控制下盆地内发育两套主要的生储盖组合,结合盆地的主要圈闭类型,进一步划分出已证实二叠系和远景三叠系两个一级成藏组合,4套二级成藏组合;在下一阶段的勘探中,纵向上应侧重于二叠系一级成藏组合的天然气勘探,平面上应重视以Phu Phan隆起为主的盆地中部及以Khorat次盆北部和Sakhon Nakhon次盆西部为主的盆地西部地区,前者发育二叠系一级成藏组合最有利油气勘探区,后者为三叠系一级成藏组合最有利油气勘探区。     

The Jurassic system of China—Main characteristics and recent advances in research

In China, the marine Jurassic is mainly distributed in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, southwestern China and environs including southwestern Xinjiang and western Yunnan. Along the western palaeo-Pacific coast, marine Jurassic deposits, which usually intercalate with nonmarine strata, exist sporadically in eastern Heilongjiang, western Fujian, Hongkong, central Guangdong, western Jiangxi, eastern and southwestern Hunan Province, and probably also in western Taiwan. Nonmarine Jurassic strata are widely distributed in the whole of China except for southern Tibet area. They are commonly intercalated with volcanic rocks and contain volcanic materials in eastern China, and in southern Tibet. Marine strata yield various abundant fossils including ammonites, which were widespread in the Tethyan Realm even all over the world. Consequently, China is a critical region to attempt marine and non-marine Jurassic correlation. Through various investigations, both marine and non-marine Jurassic biozonations or assemblages have been established and by this the marine and non-marine Jurassic stratigraphic system and their correlation in China have been clarified.     

柴达木盆地德令哈拗陷中侏罗统烃源岩有机地球化学特征

柴达木盆地德令哈拗陷中侏罗统广泛发育,是该区主要的烃源岩层系.野外地质调查及有机地球化学分析表明,中侏罗统烃源岩主要以油页岩、泥岩、碳质泥岩和煤为主.油页岩有机碳的质量分数平均为7.95%,有机质类型属Ⅰ-Ⅱ型,为好生油岩;泥岩的有机质丰度交化大,但80%以上的样品有机碳的质量分数大于1%,65%样品的有机碳的质量分数...     

The Jurassic system of China—Main characteristics and recent advances in research

In China, the marine Jurassic is mainly distributed in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, southwestern China and environs including southwestern Xinjiang and western Yunnan. Along the western palaeo-Pacific coast, marine Jurassic deposits, which usually intercalate with nonmarine strata, exist sporadically in eastern Heilongjiang, western Fujian, Hongkong, central Guangdong, western Jiangxi, eastern and southwestern Hunan Province, and probably also in western Taiwan. Nonmarine Jurassic strata are widely distributed in the whole of China except for southern Tibet area. They are commonly intercalated with volcanic rocks and contain volcanic materials in eastern China, and in southern Tibet. Marine strata yield various abundant fossils including ammonites, which were widespread in the Tethyan Realm even all over the world. Consequently, China is a critical region to attempt marine and non-marine Jurassic correlation. Through various investigations, both marine and non-marine Jurassic biozonations or assemblages have been established and by this the marine and non-marine Jurassic stratigraphic system and their correlation in China have been clarified.     

Chronostratigraphic units in the Jurassic and their boundaries: Definition, recognition and correlation, causal mechanisms

The historical development of the chronostratigraphic classification of the Jurassic into series, stages and zones is summarised. Traditionally, the series and stages are defined hierarchically in terms of the standard (ammonite) zones they contained but since Hedberg (1976)［1］ they have been defined by a basal boundary stratotype (GSSP). To date four Jurassic Stages have ratified GSSPs; progress with the others is outlined. The primary marker for the definition of the Stage boundaries is biochronology based on evolution of ammonites, with secondary markers based on biostratigraphy of other fossil groups, chemostratigraphy and magnetostratigraphy. Causal mechanisms for the environmental changes that caused ammonite evolution are reviewed and possible methods of correlation with nonmarine successions are briefly discussed.     

Chronostratigraphic units in the Jurassic and their boundaries: Definition, recognition and correlation, causal mechanisms

The historical development of the chronostratigraphic classification of the Jurassic into series, stages and zones is summarised. Traditionally, the series and stages are defined hierarchically in terms of the standard (ammonite) zones they contained but since Hedberg (1976)［1］ they have been defined by a basal boundary stratotype (GSSP). To date four Jurassic Stages have ratified GSSPs; progress with the others is outlined. The primary marker for the definition of the Stage boundaries is biochronology based on evolution of ammonites, with secondary markers based on biostratigraphy of other fossil groups, chemostratigraphy and magnetostratigraphy. Causal mechanisms for the environmental changes that caused ammonite evolution are reviewed and possible methods of correlation with nonmarine successions are briefly discussed.     

印度、泰国和越南生物多样性概况

首先涉及到印度、泰国和越南３国陆生生物多样性主要栖息地──森林及自然保护区的概况，然后对３国的物种多样性以及生物多样性的就地保护，迁地保护及持续利用的情况作了介绍，并与我国的情况作些比较。     

The Jurassic System in SW Japan: review of recent research

The present state of the art in Jurassic oceanicplate stratigraphy in Japan is the result of research over the last two decades. Radiolarian biochronology puts age constraints on the development of fore-arc basin deposits, which cover Permian and Jurassic accretionary complexes of the Outer Zone, facing the Pacific. Special attention is given to the “Torinosu-type” reef-limestone blocks in the Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous fore-arc basin deposits that derived from a shallow-marine continental margin such as the Inner Zone shelf, facing Eurasia. Further progress was achieved in dating and defining sedimentary environments in the Inner Zone Tetori Group. Erosive events during the process of Jurassic accretion are also discussed in relation to the Late Mesozoic geologic and tectonic setting.     

The Jurassic System in SW Japan: review of recent research

The present state of the art in Jurassic oceanicplate stratigraphy in Japan is the result of research over the last two decades. Radiolarian biochronology puts age constraints on the development of fore-arc basin deposits, which cover Permian and Jurassic accretionary complexes of the Outer Zone, facing the Pacific. Special attention is given to the “Torinosu-type” reef-limestone blocks in the Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous fore-arc basin deposits that derived from a shallow-marine continental margin such as the Inner Zone shelf, facing Eurasia. Further progress was achieved in dating and defining sedimentary environments in the Inner Zone Tetori Group. Erosive events during the process of Jurassic accretion are also discussed in relation to the Late Mesozoic geologic and tectonic setting.     

A new cheirolepidiaceous conifer from the Early Jurassic of the Junggar Basin, northern Xinjiang and its paleoclimatic implications

Mesozoic sediments are extensively developed in the vast area of Xinjiang and Jurassic strata are well exposed in the Junggar Basin. The Haojiagou geological section near Urumqi in the south of the basin is a typical section for the Lower Jurassic Badaowan and Sangonghe formations. The cheirolepidiaceous conifer Brachyphyllum (Hirmeriella?) sp., which exhibits strongly xeromorphic characters, was discovered in the Sangonghe Formation and is associated with a high relative abundance (up to 75%) of dispersed Classopollis pollen. The occurrence of cheirolepidiaceous foliage and Classopollis pollen in the Sangonghe Formation indicates that a warm and dry climate prevailed in the Junggar Basin during the Early Jurassic (Early Toarcian), supporting the hypothesis for a warming event at that time.     

A new cheirolepidiaceous conifer from the Early Jurassic of the Junggar Basin, northern Xinjiang and its paleoclimatic implications

Mesozoic sediments are extensively developed in the vast area of Xinjiang and Jurassic strata are well exposed in the Junggar Basin. The Haojiagou geological section near Urumqi in the south of the basin is a typical section for the Lower Jurassic Badaowan and Sangonghe formations. The cheirolepidiaceous conifer Brachyphyllum (Hirmeriella?) sp., which exhibits strongly xeromorphic characters, was discovered in the Sangonghe Formation and is associated with a high relative abundance (up to 75%) of dispersed Classopollis pollen. The occurrence of cheirolepidiaceous foliage and Classopollis pollen in the Sangonghe Formation indicates that a warm and dry climate prevailed in the Junggar Basin during the Early Jurassic (Early Toarcian), supporting the hypothesis for a warming event at that time.     

泰国吞武里地区小学汉语教学调查分析

海外小学汉语教学是汉语推广中的一个新课题。在泰国曼谷吞武里地区,有十余所小学开设了汉语课程,通过多角度的调查,分析汉语教学实际现状、存在的实际问题并提出建议与对策。     

兴马地区沙三段陆相深水重力流储层综合预测

 兴马地区位于辽河西部凹陷的中东部,伴随勘探的深入,沙三段重力流砂体已成为深层岩性油藏勘探的重点,但由于重力流沉积砂泥混杂、横向变化快,地震资料主频和信噪比均较低,重力流砂体的储层特征和空间分布研究较为薄弱。通过建立研究区高精度层序地层格架,将沙三段划分为3个层序,重力流砂体集中发育在各层序的下部,且以层序SQ3最为发育。在层序地层格架内,综合地震属性、波形分类、分频属性、波阻抗反演等技术预测了重力流砂体的空间分布并优选出4个有利的岩性圈闭。经钻井证实,预测结果较为准确。该方法为辽河西部凹陷及其它地区岩性油气藏的勘探提供了借鉴。     

Discovery of Middle Jurassic palaeontinids from Inner Mongolia, China (Homoptera: Palaeontinidae)

A new genus and three new species of fossil Palaeontinidae， Papilioncossus conchatus sp. nov., P. giganteus sp. nov.　and P. pteroideus sp. nov.， are described. All of them were collected from Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation in Inner Mongolia, China. Based on distal part of forewing broader and longer than basal and Sc usually with branches, the new taxa are attributed to Palaeontinidae of Homoptera and compared with genus Pseudocossus. A key to species of Papilioncossus gen. nov. is provided. All type specimens are deposited in the Capital Normal University.     

Jurassic radiation of large Branchiopoda (Arthropoda: Crustacea) using secondary structure-based phylogeny and relaxed molecular clocks

The phylogenetic relationships of large Branchiopoda have been one of the most controversial issues in the studies of Crustacea. This study attempts to tackle systematic problems concerning “conchostracan” and anostracan evolution, by analyzing ribosomal RNA sequences of both mitochondrial (12S) and nuclear genes (18S). Phylogenetic trees are reconstructed with these data from 27 genera belonging to 18 families, using maximum parsimony procedures, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian analysis coupled with Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) techniques under mixed and doublet models. The results suggest that Diplostraca (Conchostraca+Cladocera) form a monophyletic group, with Spincaudata and Cladoceromorpha being sister groups and Laevicaudata a basal lineage of Diplostraca; Notostraca and Diplostraca together form the monophyletic Phyllopoda. Within Diplostraca, Conchostraca is paraphyletic in contrast to the traditional systematic classification. Relaxed molecular clock analysis, using multiple fossil calibration points, indicates that the conchostracan three genera—Imnadia, Caenestheriella， and Caenestheria, emerged during Jurassic; most anostracan groups, such as Polyartemiinae, Chirocephalinae, Branchinectidae, and Streptocephalidae, experienced an adaptive radiation during Jurassic, and probably related with the fragmentation of the Pangea supercontinent.