标准自由空气电离室的设计研究

按照国际辐射单位和测量委员会(ICRU)的推荐,对x、γ光子的照射量及其单位伦琴作了严格的定义,从定义中指出了对照射量的测量方法,用标准自由空气电离室测量照射量完全符合这一定义的要求.标准自由空气电离室的主要用途是用来校准各种伦琴计.本标准自由空气电离室设计的测量范围为1～10~?微伦?秒,x、γ光子能量范围为0.1～2兆电子伏.本文包括标准自由空气电离室的设计计算方法、结构设计等.     

新型全塑料硫氧化镧X-射线增感屏

前言X线机摄片是医疗诊断的重要手段之一。摄片时,胶片对X-射线辐射感光能力很差,只有使X-射线辐射转变成可见光后,才能有效地使胶片感光,X-射线增感屏就是起这一作用。因此,X-射线增感屏是X线机摄片时必须具备的重要器材之一。     

单板机在医用X光增感屏连续涂布生产线上的应用

<正> §1 引 言 医用X光增感屏的生产过程中,涂布工艺是一个重要的生产工艺环节。它是把制作增感屏用的粉末材料与粘合剂混合成的浆液涂敷在片基上,然后经过浸润、烘烤、轧光等工序,最后成为实用的X光增感屏。为了保证产品的质量,对涂布工艺生产条件有以下要求:     

X线剂量测量中IAEA TRS398和TRS277号报告的比较

目的比较按IAEA TRS398和TRS277号报告推荐方法测量医用X线绝对剂量的差异。方法用IBA公司DOSE1剂量仪、FC65-G指形电离室及NE2570型Farmer没量仪和2571型电离室，分别按照TRS398和TRS277号报告的要求，对Elekta公司电子直线加速器三档光子线（6mV，10mV，15mV）进行测量，并对结果进行比较。结果分别采用不同的剂量仪和不同的测量规程得到的结果基本相同。用DOSE1剂量仪两种方法测量相对偏差为2．99％-7．07％。。结论用TRS398号报告测量得到的结果比TRS277报告测量的结果都偏大，但是两者的误差都小于1％．能够满足国标要求的将测量误差控制在2％以内的要求。     

电子在水中产生Cherenkov辐射的Geant4模拟

用Geant4模拟能量分别为0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0,2.5 MeV入射电子在水中的Cherenkov辐射角和辐射光谱,分析电子产生Cherenkov辐射光子数与初级电子和次级电子的关系,并模拟Cherenkov辐射光在水中传输不同距离的吸收情况.结果表明:电子在水中产生的Cherenkov辐射角随入射电子能量的增加而增大;在Cherenkov辐射光传播过程中,水介质对紫外波段辐射光的吸收较大.     

激光技术对光电效应实验规律的影响

用弱光作光源时所得到的光电效应实验规律是不完善的,用激光作为光电效应实验中的光源时,得到的结果证明电子不但可以同时吸收到两个光子的能量,还可以只从光子中吸收一部分能量.     

X线剂量测量中IAEA TRS398和TRS277号报告的比较

目的 比较按IAEA TRS398和TRS277号报告推荐方法 测量医用X线绝对剂量的差异.方法 用IBA公司DOSE1剂量仪、FC65-G指形电离窜及NE2570型Farmer没量仪和2571型电离室,分别按照TRS398和TRS277号报告的要求,对Elekta公司电子直线加速器三档光子线(6mV,10mV,15mV)进行测量,并对结果 进行比较.结果 分别采用不同的剂量仪和不同的测量规程得到的结果 基本相同.用DOSEI剂量仪两种方法 测量相对偏差为2.99‰～7.07‰.结论 用TRS398号报告测量得到的结果 比TRS277报告测量的结果 都偏大,但是两者的误差都小于1%,能够满足国标要求的将测量误差控制在2%以内的要求.     

掺杂三氧化二铁多晶压片电极的光电化学特性

用电极反应方法实现水的光电分解,是利用太阳能的一条途经.但这一方法的主要障碍是能量转换效率低.原因之一是目前能用于光解水的大部分半导体材料的禁带宽度大,只能吸收太阳谱带中很小的一部分能量.例如,TiO_2的禁带宽度约为3电子伏,相应吸收波长小于413nm 的光子,其能量只占整个太阳能的3%左右.而一些禁带宽度比较小的半导体材料,如禁带宽度为1.43电子伏的GaAs,光照时,在电解液中易发生腐蚀溶解.寻找既能吸收长波方向的光子,在电解液中又比较稳定的半导体材料,提高能量转换效率,是一项有意义的探索.Fe_2O_3是一种有希望的材料,它的禁带宽度为2.2电子伏,相应吸收光的波长小于564nm,理论上可以利用整个太阳能的25%以上,在pH>4的电解液中是稳定的.自1976年K.L.Hardee 和A.J.Bard 报道了用CVD 法制得氧化铁光敏电极以来,相继又报道了单品α—Fe_2O_3半导体电极,金属热氧化法及压片烧结法等不同的制备方法及材料的光电化学性能.在本文中,我们试就Fe_2O_3 掺TiO_2经压片烧结后获得的电极,测试其光电响应,以期探讨杂质对Fe_2O_3电极的影响.     

N光子集团的Compton散射截面

采用量子化辐射场与相对论电子作用的模型,从微扰论得出的跃迁概率表达式出发,导出了n光子集团与电子发生Compton散射的跃迁概率表达式.进而研究了 n光子集团Compton散射的光子散射截面性质,得出了双光子Compton散射的光子散射截面的具体表达式,结果表明n光子Gompton散射的光子微分散射截面不仅与散射角(光子入射方向与散射方向的夹角)有关,还与入射光场的光子数密度以及初始电子的能量有关.     

双能量X射线透射条件下物质分类识别曲线的建立

通过对单、双能量透射技术的比较分析发现由于入射能量的不同,相同原子序数物质的质量衰减系数的变化速度不同,即在双能量方式下,同一原子序数的物质对低能和高能X射线的吸收程度(线吸收系数)是不同的,这样通过低能、高能两个不同线吸收系数比较与运算,就可以从两种不同物质组成的、不同厚度产生的或相互重叠的图像中将不同种类的物体区分开.基于此原理将铝板和有机玻璃板作为基材,实验确定了物质分类识别边界曲线,并用已知物质验证了实验得到的边界曲线是有效的.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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