苹果采摘机器人夜视图像的小波模糊阈值降噪

为实现苹果采摘机器人的全天候作业,对采集到的夜间图像进行了相关研究.在分析夜视图像噪声的基础上,运用小波阈值方法进行图像的降噪处理,针对阈值算法的潜在缺点,通过构造模糊阈值函数,提出小波模糊阈值的夜视图像降噪算法.实验结果表明:从视觉上看小波模糊阈值降噪方法得到的低噪图像噪点明显减少;从客观数据比较,其相对峰值信噪比有较大幅度提高.新方法显示出在夜视图像降噪方面有着独特优势,为实现苹果采摘机器人的全天候作业打下基础.     

采用视觉加权自适应阈值量化的彩色图像小波编码方法

提出了一种基于视觉特性的彩色图像小波变换编码方法.该方法是以一种简单的灰度图像小波编码方法为基础,首先通过小波变换将图像进行多分辨率分解;然后对彩色分量的高频子带数据进行适当的抛弃;对小波图像的高频数据采取自适应阈值量化方法克服恢复图像中的分量独立点噪声污染现象;最后根据小波系数的码字分布特征,采用行程编码结合Huffman编码.该方法可保证重建图像的主观视觉效果良好,而且具有较高的压缩倍率.     

混凝土模拟液中临界氯离子浓度影响因素分析

采用Ca(OH)2溶液作为混凝土模拟孔溶液,通过动电位极化曲线获取B值来计算腐蚀电流密度进而判断钢筋腐蚀开始的时间,研究了交流阻抗谱和线性极化2种电化学测试方法以及pH对模拟液中引起钢筋锈蚀的临界氯离子浓度的影响规律.研究结果表明:相同条件下线性极化法测得的临界氯离子浓度大于电化学阻抗谱测得的结果;以溶液中氯离子的摩尔浓度表示临界氯离子浓度时,其值随pH值的减小而减小;而以C(Cl-)/C(OH-)表示临界氯离子浓度时,其值随着pH值的减小而增大.     

板金属成形极限应变的研究

本文依据Hart的微分型本构关系,引进一般意义上的初始塑性不均匀性的概念,推导出了正交各向异性板金属材料在一维和二维情况下发生失稳和断裂的极限应变的解析式,并将本文的理论分析结果与有关文献的典型实验结果进行了比较,两者基本吻合.     

C形试样的极限载荷和J积分

本文根据塑性力学滑移线场理论求出C形试样的极限载荷P_L,通过试验找到C形试样的无量纲柔度BEC表达式和加力点间弹塑性位移△表达式,并根据J积分与形变功的关系式提出C形试样的J积分公式。     

巨型功率晶体管场限环研究

通过解联立一维泊松方程得到了场限环结构的电场和电位分布.讨论了环间距、环宽、N-掺杂浓度、结深和表面电荷密度等参数的影响,得出了归一化击穿电压和环间距计算值.用这些计算值可以推算多环间结构的击穿电压和作为场限环设计的依据.     

IGBT极限电流与极限功耗的识别方法

研究了IGBT在过电流的状态下，静态输出特性及动态电流和电压波形的变化规律，提出了IGBT极限电流与极限功耗的识别方法，阐明了因过电流和过损耗致使IGBT失效的机理。     

Panum极限情况中的双重匹配

指出了唯一性约束是解决人类立体视觉和计算机视觉"对应问题"的一个最基本的原则,它规定,一只眼中的一个特征只能与另一只眼中的一个特征发生匹配.由于缺乏可靠的直接实验证据,这一原则一直受到质疑.为此,提出了一种超越Panum方案的"折线"刺激构型,和确认匹配发生的融合倾斜判据,对这一原则进行直接检验.实验发现:在"折线"Panum极限情况下,当立体知觉形成时,一只眼中的一条折线始终与另一只眼中的二条折线匹配,这表明在此种情况下,唯一性原则不成立.     

制约济南岩溶大泉持续喷涌的主因素阈值研究

为保护济南泉水,实施了减采和回灌措施,回归分析计算表明,1972—2002年泉水断流期间影响泉水位的主要因素是开采量,2003年以来泉水持续喷涌阶段开采量降至次要因素.基于2004—2012年间泉水位动态观测资料,采用地下水位动态线型特征系数法确定济南的岩溶裂隙发育较好;运用SPSS软件对降雨、回灌两个因子对泉水位影响程度进行分析,建立泉水位与月降雨回归—自回归模型,结果显示前一个月降雨对泉水位具有显著性影响;建立泉水位与降水量高次趋势模型,计算枯水期维持济南泉水动态稳定的月降雨阈值为26.65~30.73 mm;基于人工回灌量与泉水水位分析,计算得出枯水期保泉回灌补源量应不小于16.56万m3/d.研究结果表明,泉水位受气象和人为影响较敏感,为济南保泉与地下水回灌补源提供科学依据.     

Generalization in vision and motor control

Learning is more than memory. It is not simply the building of a look-up table of labelled images, or a phone-directory-like list of motor acts and the corresponding sequences of muscle activation. Central to learning and intelligence is the ability to predict, that is, to generalize to new situations, beyond the memory of specific examples. The key to generalization, in turn, is the architecture of the system, more than the rules of synaptic plasticity. We propose a specific architecture for generalization for both the motor and the visual systems, and argue for a canonical microcircuit underlying visual and motor learning.     

投资组合的增长率及其极限定理

研究了投资组合增长率的性质,证明了任何投资组合的超额增长率恒为非负,进而证明了一般市场条件下序列投资组合的极限定理．     

城市小汽车尾号限行的经济学分析

城市小汽车单双号限行措施或者其他限制车辆出行的方法,不仅涉及面广,而且涉及诸多经济问题和利益冲突。同时,应当常态化或者不应当常态化的观点及其理据都未免过于简单化。从宏观经济核算系统的角度来看,环境效益核算与绿色国民经济核算是一体的,属于绿色国民经济核算的一部分。本文对环境效益的核算思路,是对绿色国民经济核算的展望,也是对绿色GDP的展望。     

Motion-deblurring in human vision

If photographs are taken of moving objects at slow shutter speeds the images of the objects are blurred. In human vision, however, we are not normally conscious of blur from moving objects despite the fact that the temporal response of the photoreceptors is sluggish. It has been suggested that there are motion-deblurring mechanisms specifically to aid the visual system in the analysis of the shape of retinally moving targets. Models of motion deblurring have been influenced by the finding that certain very precise spatial pattern discriminations are unaffected by motion. An example is vernier hyperacuity, in which the observer must detect the direction of offset between two lines with abutting ends. With a stationary stimulus, observers can detect a vernier cue of less than 10 arcsec and acuity is unaffected by retinal-image motion of up to 3 deg s-1 We confirm this finding, but provide evidence against any general deblurring mechanism by showing that another kind of hyperacuity, discrimination of the distance between two parallel lines (spatial interval acuity), is interfered with by motion. This argues against a general deblurring mechanism, such as a neural network 'shifter circuit', and we point out that the high level of vernier acuity for moving stimuli is susceptible to an alternative explanation.     

卟啉单体和卟啉二聚体的光限幅性质

采用Alder法合成了3种在苯环对位连接性质不同取代基的卟啉单体和3种桥联基团性质各异的卟啉二聚体, 并研究卟啉单体和卟啉二聚体的Z-扫描
曲线和光限幅性质. Z-扫描研究结果表明, 卟啉测试样品的Z-扫描曲线相似, 均出现反饱和吸收和光限幅性质, 其中卟啉化合物4的光限幅效果明显, 入射光的透过率约为7%.     

Sampling in spatial vision

The human visual system is capable of making spatial discriminations with extraordinary accuracy. In normal foveal vision, relative position, width or size can be judged with an accuracy much finer than the size or spacing of even the smallest foveal cones. This remarkable accuracy of spatial vision has been termed 'hyperacuity'. Almost a century ago Ewald Hering proposed that the accuracy of Vernier acuity could be accounted for by averaging of discrete samples along the length of the lines comprising the targets; however, the discovery that Vernier acuity of a few arc seconds could be achieved with dots has rendered the nature and role of sampling in spatial discrimination unclear. We have been investigating the sampling of spatial information in central and peripheral vision (the perifovea) of normal human observers and in observers with strabismic amblyopia. Our results, presented here, show that peripheral vision and central vision of strabismic amblyopes differ qualitatively in their sampling characteristics from those of the normal fovea. Both the periphery and the central visual field of strabismic amblyopes demonstrate marked positional uncertainty which can be reduced by averaging of spatial information from discrete samples.     

乳酸阈和通气阈的研究进展

综述了乳酸阈和通气阀的研究进展，介绍了两产生的机制和应用。     

Pattern recognition and active vision in chickens

Recognition of objects or environmental landmarks is problematic because appearance can vary widely depending on illumination, viewing distance, angle of view and so on. Storing a separate image or 'template' for every possible view requires vast numbers to be stored and scanned, has a high probability of recognition error and appears not to be the solution adopted by primates. However, some invertebrate template matching systems can achieve recognition by 'active vision' in which the animal's own behaviour is used to achieve a fit between template and object, for example by repeatedly following a set path. Recognition is thus limited to views from the set path but achieved with a minimal number of templates. Here we report the first evidence of similar active vision in a bird, in the form of locomotion and individually distinct head movements that give the eyes a similar series of views on different occasions. The hens' ability to recognize objects is also found to decrease when their normal paths are altered.