井眼轨迹测斜计算方法误差分析

通过数值方法构造了用于井眼轨迹测斜计算方法对比分析的参考曲线,获得了测斜计算误差分析的参考条件.在此基础上对常用的平均角法、校正平均角法、平衡正切法、最小曲率法、弦步法以及它们的平均井眼位置的误差进行了对比分析.结果表明,无论哪种测斜计算方法,所表现出来的误差特性都很相似,均遵循随测深增加而线性增加的变化趋势.误差散点图表现出的分散性不强,与典型的随机误差的散点图相比,更偏向于系统误差的分布.由于井眼轨迹测斜计算方法误差对轨迹综合误差分析影响较小,因此,经过较大样本空间的分析,几种测斜计算方法所产生的误差概率密度函数均可用统一的解析式表示,通过最小二乘法拟合得到了该解析式的参数值.     

井眼轨迹圆柱螺线插值模型分析与优化

井眼轨迹的插值计算在定向井轨迹监控、防碰扫描、钻柱磨阻扭矩分析和三维井眼轨迹图形实时显示等许多问题中都有很重要的应用。根据现场需要,以经典圆柱螺线模型为基础,从空间解析几何学有关公式出发,推导出在圆柱螺线测斜条件下的插值解析计算公式。建立了圆柱螺线插值计算模型;并编制成相应软件。通过与现场实际数据、国外经典软件Com-pass对比分析,得出软件的方位角计算方法比Compass的方位角计算方法更符合实际,提高了计算精度,进而减少了其它变量的计算误差。     

定向井实钻井眼轨迹三维可视化描述

在石油钻井中,实钻井眼轨迹的计算与描述是井眼轨迹监测的重要环节,也是井眼轨道控制的基础.通过测斜数据的处理结合计算机图形学可以更直观地显示井眼轨迹空间形态.通过研究井眼轨迹上某测点邻近的结构形状及其变化规律,在微分几何理论基础上,利用井斜角、方位角与自然坐标系各单位矢量的几何关系推导出井眼轨迹的曲线结构计算模型,并提出了通过对测斜数据进行三次样条插值及多项式拟合数据平滑处理的方法以减小测量离散数据带来的误差;同时,结合面向对象技术和可视化技术,实现了定向井井眼轨迹的三维可视化描述.     

定向井实钻井眼轨迹三维可视化描述

在石油钻井中,实钻井眼轨迹的计算与描述是井眼轨迹监测的重要环节,也是井眼轨道控制的基础．通过测斜数据的处理结合计算机图形学可以更直观地显示井眼轨迹空间形态．通过研究井眼轨迹上某测点邻近的结构形状及其变化规律,在微分几何理论基础上,利用井斜角、方位角与自然坐标系各单位矢量的几何关系推导出井眼轨迹的曲线结构计算模型,并提出了通过对测斜数据进行三次样条插值及多项式拟合数据平滑处理的方法以减小测量离散数据带来的误差;同时,结合面向对象技术和可视化技术,实现了定向井井眼轨迹的三维可视化描述．     

对接连通井及定向钻井轨迹设计

矿产勘探开发及煤层气开发上,定向井及对接连通井正发挥越来越大的作用.定向钻井的轨迹设计计算方法有正切法、平均角法、平衡正切法、圆柱螺旋法（曲率半径法）、校正平均角法和弦步法,工程中以曲率半径法应用较多,但由于轨迹计算中存在拐点且复杂, 在误差不大的情况下,对接连通井完全可采用平均角法.但不管哪种计算方法,过去均以中央子午线作为纵轴,难以从中间计算结果判断实钻轨迹与设计轨迹偏差.本文主要介绍定向对接连通井轨迹设计参考方位建立及对应轨迹设计方法,非常适用定向井及对接井设计及工程应用.     

利用张力样条模拟定向井井眼轨迹的方法研究

根据张力样条的特性及定向井井眼轨迹的形成规律,提出了用张力样条模拟定向井井眼轨迹的方法.详细介绍了用张力样条法确定定向井井眼轨迹的步骤.利用这种方法可以计算定向井任一点的空间位置.实例计算结果表明,在已知任意个相邻测点之间,用张力样条插值计算未知测点的井斜角和方位角,与实测值相比,误差很小,满足实际井眼轨迹计算的要求,具有实用价值,为定向井井眼轨迹的计算提供了一种新的方法.     

定向井中造斜段下凹管柱屈曲性能分析

在定向井的造斜段,由于井眼轨迹的下凹,位于其中的管柱在重力与井眼的约束下存在初始下凹弯曲。为了了解定向井造斜段管柱的屈曲性能,运用最小势能原理推导出定向井造斜段下凹管柱屈曲载荷计算公式,分析了井斜角、造斜段井眼曲率半径对管柱屈曲载荷的影响。算例分析结果表明,随井斜角的和井眼曲率的增大,管柱屈曲临界载荷增加,管柱的纵向稳定性提高。     

恒装置角曲线的半解析计算

恒装置角曲线的计算需要使用数值积分法,这在一定程度上限制了它在钻井轨道设计中的实际应用.使用幂级数展开法得到了恒装置角曲线的半解析计算公式,讨论了幂级数展开的截断误差.使用钻井轨道设计算例对恒装置角曲线用于井眼轨道设计进行了数值研究,并与圆弧轨道设计结果进行了对比分析.结果表明,半解析计算公式具有非常好的计算速度和计算精度.     

激光船模轨迹仪误差分析和最佳工作区域研究

激光船模轨迹仪是自航船模航迹和二维姿态的激光自动测量系统。它是采用激光扫描测角和三角方法求出船模轨迹和姿态数据。由于测角系统的随机误差使所测船模上固定点的位置产生了偏差。本文着重分析一定概率下测角误差和船模位置偏差之间的关系,给出误差公式和一定区域上误差分析等精度曲线,最后讨论最佳工作区域问题。所得结果为激光船模轨迹仪的正确使用提供了依据。     

井眼轨迹随钻测量中的测斜仪器不对中随机误差分析

为了更加准确地描述随钻测量时产生的井眼轨迹误差，利用误差分析方法对随钻测量时测量仪器与井眼轴线不重合所产生的误差进行了分析，并采用拉格朗日插值进行了计算。结果表明，这种不对中所引起的测量误差属于随机误差的范畴，该误差对井斜和方位测量结果的作用是相同的，且服从均匀分布。算例分析表明，这种随机误差相对于系统误差所造成的井眼位置的不确定范围要小得多。测点处的随机误差椭球的中心与测点之间的距离很近，但是，随着钻头尺寸与钻铤尺寸差别的增大，此距离增大，并且椭球的3个半轴也呈现相同的变化趋势。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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