原油产量自适应预测方法的研究

基于现代时间序列分析原理及系统辨识方法，建立了多变量自适应预测模型，并用该模型对某注水油田的原油产量进行了实际预测，结果表明，预测精度比传统的预测方法大大提高，该方法可为油田编制原油稳产计划提供科学依据。     

原油生产成本与钻井成本预测模型的探讨

针对我国东部３个油田企业原油生产成本和钻井成本费用的变化趋势，探讨了影响油气生产成本和钻井进尺成本变化的各种因素，提出了（１）以累计原油（或天然气）产量作为自变量，建立起原油成本费用和累计原油产量关系基础上的原油（天然气）生产成本预测模型；（２）以累计钻井进尺和钻机月速作为自变量，建立起钻井成本和累计进尺与钻机月速关系基础上的钻井成本预测模型，并以时间序列预测模型验证了该模型的可行性．为了验证预测结果的可靠性，分别对３个油田１９８５～１９９４年间成本函数进行了检验．检验结果表明，预测值与实际值之间误差极小，吻合良好．说明上述模型用于原油生产成本和钻井成本预测，具有很强的模拟能力和预测能力．     

减阻剂在渤海南部A油田的应用研究及效果分析

渤海南部A油田处于该区域外输枢纽位置，负责将该区域所有油田和部分渤海西部油田的原油汇集输送至终端处理厂。该油田共配备6台外输泵，由于新油田的投产和老油田的挖潜都使得原油外输压力不断增大，严重制约着整个区域的原油生产。在这种情况下，通过一系列的研究和试验，将减阻剂注入A油田原油外输海管，并优化改进减阻剂的注入手段，有效提升了同海管压力下的原油外输量，缓解了外输压力，保障了外输稳定，对于海上油田的原油外输具有一定的借鉴意义。     

油田用化学品与原油脱水配伍性技术评侈方法在曙五联的应用

本文介绍了《油田用化学品与原油脱水配伍性技术评价方法》，摘录了其中的预脱水剂与原油破乳剂配伍性技术评价方法的部分．并对英在辽河油田曙五联的应用进行了论述。通过配伍性评价试验结果，得出了该方法在油田生产中能够起到比较重要作用的结论。     

DUT-OFCP油田压裂方位监测仪

项目研发单位：大连理工大学。 项目简介：该仪器采用现代声波测量技术，检测油田压裂裂缝的方位。利用计算机处理技术和相关的油田地质参数，可在屏幕上实时显示数千米深岩层人工裂缝的变化形态和方位状况，开创性地应用高新技术手段指导油田开采，达到了提高工作效率、增加原油产量的目的。     

灰色系统在预测原油产量方面的应用

为了使油田能够长期稳定高产，必须编制科学合理的生产计划，而在计划编制过程中，对原油产量进行科学预测又是十分必要的。为此，本文选定ＧＭ（１．１）模型，通过对原油生产的实际分析，建立了老井原油递减后产量的预测模型，并经过实征，具有预测精度高、计算速度快、方便实用等优点。     

伊朗雅达油田完井测试作业中沥青质析出分析

 伊朗雅达油田生产井由于沥青质析出和沉积在油管内壁,严重影响了油井的完井测试和投产前井下作业,例如阻碍钢丝作业工具的下入和井下工具的回收等。为了查清该油田原油中沥青质析出趋势和析出规律,结合雅达油田的特点,利用原油SARA 数据,采用胶体体系稳定性定量计算方法对沥青质析出程度进行了分析;采用热力学平衡原理和固体模型,结合不同产量下油管内温度与压力分布剖面,对沥青质析出初始压力与温度进行分析和预测,同时通过室内试验,评价并优化了沥青清除剂。通过对原油胶体体系稳定性定量计算,认为雅达油田原油胶体体系趋于不稳定,沥青质易于析出;通过对沥青质析出初始压力与温度及深度的预测,沥青质析出深度为2900~3700 m,认为雅达油田生产井自投产开始,沥青析出是无法避免的。室内沥青清除剂试验结果表明,单一的沥青清除剂无法达到满意的效果。在分析研究的基础上,优化了井筒处理方法和施工作业措施。     

变原油黏度油水两相流驱替特征研究

为了研究水驱油田开发过程中的原油黏度长高对水驱油的驱替特征影响，在经典的非活塞式驱替理论的基础上，考虑驱替过程中原油黏度的升高，进一步完善了非活塞式驱油理论，建立了一个一维油水两相渗流模型，并采用解析法和有限差分法两种方法对饱和度方程进行了求解，用数学模拟的结果研究了原油黏度随含水率上升的5种变化规律对无水采油期，注入孔隙体积与采收率关系等驱替特征的影响，结合太平油田沾14块太10－12井原油黏度随含水上升的变化规律，对比了考虑原油黏度变化和不考虑原油黏度变化两种情况下采出程度的差异，研究结果表明，开发过程中原油黏度的升高明显地缩短无水采油期，加剧含水上升速度，未考虑黏度升高的经典驱替理论方法预测的采收率偏高。     

地震属性分析技术在储层预测中的应用

以广西百色地区子寅油田为例，介绍了地震属性分析技术及其在该油田储层预测中的应用。地震属性分析技术包括：①借助于各种数学分析方法，从地震数据中拾取隐藏其中的有关岩性和储层物性的多种属性；②采用基于RS(粗集)理论的地震属性优化技术；③结合工区内测井资料的解释成果进行储层参数转换，并根据各种地震属性及其储层参数预测结果进行储层综合评价。实际资料的应用表明，地震属性分析技术是油田滚动勘探开发的一种有效技术，其研究成果为油田开发提供了可靠的依据。     

含水原油流变规律实验研究

从大庆油田现场实际出发全面研究高含水原油流变特性，即含水原油视粘度与含水率的关系，含水原油视粘度与剪切速率的关系，含水原油视粘度与油温的关系等，给出了测试的相应曲线并对曲线进行了分析，该油田油水乳状液转相点在ω（H2O）为65．2％左右，在转相点以前是以油为外相，水为内相的W／O型乳状液，视粘度随含水量上升而增加，且受温度影响较大，同时剪切速率影响也相当明显，随着剪切速率的增加，转相点的视粘度明显下降，在转相点以后，形成水为外相，W／O型乳状液为内相的（W／O／W）水包油包水型复杂的多重乳状液，乳状液视粘度随含水量增加而降低，且受温度和剪切速率影响，乳状液视粘度进入高含水区后变化趋于平缓，用曲面拟合方法回归出流变参数方程，通过现场取样和数据处理分析可知，含水原油其流变特性可由幂律本构方程表示，这一结论为准确计算高含水原油管道工艺参数奠定了基础。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with