基于Flowmaster的舰船消防管路泄漏模拟研究

消防管路是舰船上重要的辅助系统,提供意外事故下的消防用水和船上设备的冷却用水.为了研究某舰船消防管路在发生泄漏时管路内水力特性,采用Flowmaster软件建立了某舰船的一维管路模型.研究发现,稳态仿真结果与实验参数基本吻合,说明搭建的管路模型是正确的.动态仿真结果表明,在管路发生泄漏时,水锤效应会使泄漏点力曲线发生波动;泄漏点破口增大会导致在管路发生泄漏时出现流量振荡和压力波动,在管路设计时应给管道承压留有足够裕度,防止管道因泄漏压力的波动引发主管道二次破裂;通过研究不同泄漏位置对管路的影响发现,靠近泵位置处的泄漏点,其最大泄漏流量会略大于其余泄漏点位置处,设计时应考虑在泵出口管道处添加防冲刷措施,避免管道发生意外破损.仿真结果可以为后续进行泄漏实验研究提供一定的指导作用.     

基于管段重要性的给水管网布局分析

针对给水管网模型中管段重要性判断的实际需求,利用算例,构造了树状管网、不同环数的环状管网、供水压力变化、连通管段直径变化以及多水源供水等情况下的各种给水管网布局,结合水力计算进行了分析,得出了有助于供水管网规划、设计和运行管理中与管段重要性相关的结论:树状管网从水源到每一需水节点仅存在一条输水路径,不存在连通性冗余和能力冗余;环状管网具有连通性冗余,但能力冗余取决于整体布局;环状管网基环数目依次增多时,存在连通管段的局部效应,即在所添加连通管道附近的管段重要性受到影响,但远离小环部分的管段重要性未受影响;随着供水压力的升高和水源的增多,成环部分各管段重要性下降,管网的能力冗余提高.     

EPANETH在有水塔管网平差中的应用

从管网平差的定义和在供水管网系统设计中的重要性出发,指出了采用哈代．克罗斯法的弊端和EPANETH在管网平差中的算法及适用范围．选取了1个有清水池和水塔的给水管网的例子,在软件上直接建立管网模型,从管段、节点信息输入及处理方面入手,阐述了如何应用EPANETH来计算有水塔管网情况．结果用管段流量．节点压力图、管段流速一节点需水量图、节点总水头．管段流量图等表现,并详细说明了管段直径设计原则和做法;详细校核了水塔转输工况和自由水压情况,通过分析得出根据最高时确定的管径,不能满足转输时进入水塔流量的结论;最后通过反复调整个别管段管径,达到了要求,各节点的自由水压均满足要求;指出了软件使用时的一些注意事项．     

城市燃气管网的故障传播模型

燃气管网的局部破裂可能导致大片区域发生停气事故.为了模拟城市燃气管网破裂泄漏的故障传播范围及影响程度,进而为事故的预防工作提供科学的依据,该文综合研究了2种情况,即燃气管网节点破裂和管段破裂,把管段及节点计算流量子模型、燃气泄漏子模型以及管网压力分布计算子模型有机结合起来,建立了城市燃气管网的故障传播模型.并在此基础上进行了实际燃气管网的计算与分析.结果表明: 该模型能够有效地预测燃气管网破裂泄漏的故障传播范围和影响程度.     

园区供热管网泄漏工况建模及分析

为提高供热系统的安全性及故障诊断系统的准确性,依据图论理论对某园区供热管网泄漏工况进行水力特性建模,并通过管网能量平衡方程求解不同工况下的用户室内温度.分析了不同泄漏工况对供热管网水力工况和热力工况的影响.研究结果表明:供热管网中任意点发生泄漏故障均会对系统水力特性产生影响,并且泄漏点距离循环水泵越近对供热系统管段流量影响越大;供热管网水力特性的变化将会对热力特性产生耦合影响.本研究可为供热管网泄漏事故预判及故障诊断等提供参考依据.     

基于Flowmaster的输水管道泄漏仿真模拟

输水管道泄漏事故时有发生,快速、准确地判断泄漏位置及泄漏量一直是研究的热点。运用Flowmaster仿真软件对输水管道泄漏过程进行模拟,研究了管内流体的瞬变特性,分析了有、无泄漏时,不同阀门关闭时间、泄漏孔大小、泄漏位置等参数对管道瞬变流动规律的影响。结果表明:入口流量以及阀门末端处压力受阀门关闭时间的影响较小;随着泄漏孔径的增大,上游流量和压力曲线的衰减速度逐渐加快,且峰值处二次突变幅值增大;泄漏位置受阀门距离的影响较大,距离越近,压力信号的幅值下降越迅速,衰减速度也会逐渐加快。该仿真结果可为瞬变流泄漏检测提供理论指导。     

基于综合水龄指数评价的供水管网优化调度

研究了通过计算节点平均水龄分析该地区供水管网的水质状况的方法,在此基础上,提出供水管网综合水龄指数评价指标,并基于该指数构建管网水力优化调度模型,采用遗传算法实现优化问题的求解,并以江苏某镇城乡统筹供水管网为实例进行了应用.结果表明,水力优化调度能够改善管网的综合水龄情况,尤其是对于流量较大的节点有明显的效果,但是对于管网末端水量相对较小节点,则需要结合水力调度以及管段冲洗等方式来改善管网水龄情况.     

城市供水管网物理模型构建方法

依据水力相似原理,提出了构建与实际压力供水管网等效的变态物理模型的理论方法．在物理模型与管网原型变态几何相似的前提下,结合欧拉变态相似准则和管段水头损失公式,得到压力供水管网与其变态模型的主要物理指标之间的关系．同时进行管段实验,考察了管段原型与变态模型的运行工况,理论与实验结果间的平均相对误差为9．8％．运用管网模拟软件EPANET建立了华北某区域实际管网的变态物理模型,结果表明,管网原型与物理模型的对应管道流速和对应节点水头的平均相对误差分别为3．05％及0．053％,证明了物理模型构建理论的正确性和可行性．     

供水管网节点可靠性评估方法研究

文章基于供水管网水力分析,引入节点流量与节点水压的关系式,以管网管段故障状态下,节点实际可获得的流量与需求量的比值作为节点瞬时可靠度,结合管段可用度采用2种计算方法求得节点可靠度,对算例结果进行分析表明,节点的可靠度不仅与距离水源的远近有关,还与管网的拓扑结构、节点需求水量以及周围管段管径大小等因素有关。     

南水北调中线某管段管径优化设计

在分析南水北调工程中线(新庄口门-周口)工程实例的基础上,针对原始设计方案管网投资费用较高的问题,分别采用基于神经网络的两级优化算法和遗传算法对此管段的管径进行优化,经仿真计算结果表明:两种算法均能实现主干管为146.53 km的长距离引水管道管径的优化,并能有效节约管网造价,且两级优化模型的适用范围、求解速度及其精度...     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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