Resonant tunneling properties of photonic crystals consisting of single-negative materials

We studied the resonant tunneling properties of one-dimensional photonic crystals consisting of single-negative permittivity and single-negative permeability media using transfer matrix methods. The results show that there exists a pair of resonant tunneling modes in this structure. The separation of the pair of tunneling modes can be tuned by varying the ratio of thicknesses of the two single-negative layers or the thickness of the defect layer. The electric field intensity of the resonant tunneling modes increases rapidly with the increase of the ratio of thicknesses of the two single-negative layers. The peak value of the field intensity of the resonant tunneling modes is enhanced by one order of magnitude when the ratio of thicknesses of the two single-negative layers increases by 0.4. This property will be applied widely in the field of nonlinearity optics. With the increase of the ratio of thicknesses of the two single-negative layers, the electric field of the tunneling modes becomes more localized, and the full width at half maximum of the tunneling modes becomes narrower. Besides, the pair of tunneling modes is insensitive to incident angle and thickness fluctuation. These properties will be used for the design of tunable omnidirectional double-channel filter with high quality factor.     

Research and design of the main equipments and structure of Xiangjiaba shiplift

The type of pinion and rack vertical shiplifts has been developed in recent a couple of years in the construction of dams. But the design methods and methodologies have rarely been discussed in literature. The Xiangjiaba shiplift is the second shiplift of this type following the Three Gorges shiplift. Being aimed at the technological rationality of the design in synthetically considering security, economy and applicability, this paper presents the research results of some vital issues relating the design of the Xiangjiaba shiplift, including the determination of design water depth of ship chamber based on fluid numeral computation and physical model test, the optimum design of general layout of main equipments and the civil structure of the Xiangjiaba shiplift, the finite element method （FEM） analysis of stress, vibration modes and the buckling of ship chamber, antiseismic research and the design of structures and mechanisms of the shiplift and the optimum design of driving mechanisms. This research provides the theoretical basis for the design of the Xiangjiaba shiplift. The design principles and research methods are valuable for the design of the same type of shiplifts.     

Formation and distribution of disinfection by-products during chlorine disinfection in the presence of bromide ion

The influences of contact time and pH value on the formation and distribution of four species of trihalomethanes and five species of haloacetic acids during chlorination in the presence of bromine were investigated. Results showed that the distribution of molar fraction of trihalomethanes varied with contact time due to the change of bromide ion concentration during chlorination. Most of the trihalomethanes comprising bromine-containing species and the favored products of the haloacetic acids were chlorine-containing species after 24 h of chlorination. The extent of bromine incorporation in trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids both decreased with time. The contact time also had influence on the formation rate of different species of haloacetic acids, The formation and distribution of trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids strongly depended on the chlorination pH value. All of the trihalomethanes species formation increased with the increase of pH value except the bromoform that had not been detected, The molar fraction of bromodichloromethane and dibromochloromethane containing bromine increased with pH value while chloroform without bromine decreased. Under the pH range studied in this experiment, the predominant haloacetic acids species were trichloroacetic acid and dichloroacetic acid which all decreased with the increase of pH value and the level of TCAA was higher than that of DCAA.     

A Comparative Study on the Labor Productivity of Provincial Textile Industry Based on DEA in China

Making use of the DEA-based method of quadruplicate decomposition of labor productivity, the paper analyzes the influence of labor productivity of provincial textile industry in China, caused by the effect of technical efficiency, pure technical progress, changes of scale efficiency of capital per labor and of capital intensity from the year of 2002 to 2005. Its results show that the improvement of provincial textile industry labor productivity has mainly resulted from technical progress since 2003. Meanwhile, labor productivity of underdeveloped provinces has been growing faster than that of developed ones owing to technology diffusion. And then, the above-mentioned improvement has originated from the enhancement of capital deepening and technology efficiency. In addition, scale return of capital per labor appeared to decrease during the period from 2004 to 2005.     

二次结晶形成的具有增强光催化性能的镶嵌结构ZnO

Zinc acetate is used as a raw material to synthesize the desired ZnO in hot solvent by controlling the amount of citric acid (CA) added. Notably, the amount of CA added has a significant relationship with the control of the morphology of ZnO. Spherical ZnO wrapped in nanosheets is synthesized through the secondary crystallization of Zn2+. The optical properties of the ZnO sample are tested through the degradation of organic pollutants. Notably, the photocatalytic properties of ZnO vary with the different amounts of CA added. Exposure of the active crystal face increases the photocatalytic activity of ZnO. In addition, the number of defects on the surface of the ZnO sample increases because of its large specific surface area, thus changing the bandgap of ZnO. Therefore, the resulting sample can respond under visible light.     

Hydrophobic mechanism and criterion of lotus-leaf-like micro-convex-concave surface

According to the principle that the contact angle of liquid droplet always increases on a limited liquid-solid interface,it is suggested that the integration of many small-size limited liquid-solid interfaces results in the increase of the hydrophobicity of lotus-leaf-like micro-convex-concave surfaces.Mathematical equations of the stability of liquid-droplets on the surface of lotus-leaf-like structure were established.The relationship between the theoretical critical-radius of the void of micro-convex-concave surface and the nature of the solid and the liquid was drawn.The three conditions of realizing hydrophobicity were described.The result of computation has shown that when the radius of the void of micro-concave-convex surface is less than the theoretical critical-radius r c,the droplets may always be in a stable state on the solid surface with the contact angle greater than 90°.Theminimum area of the liquid-solid interface and low surface energy of solids are important factors in realizing hydrophobicity.The effective work of adhesion W a ’ was proposed as a criterion for measuring the hydrophobic ability of the solid surface.     

Influence of the instability of angular velocity of the rotating carrier itself on the stability of silicon micromachined gyroscope

In order to find out the influence of the instability of angular velocity of the rotating carrier itself on the stability of silicon micromachined gyroscope, the digital models for relative error of the high and low damping gyroscope＇s output signal are given respectively, based on the motion equations of the silicon micromachined gyroscope. Theory proves that the output signal error of the silicon micromachined sensor is mainly caused by the instability of damping factor and the angular velocity of the rotating carrier itself. The experiment result indicates that the error of proportionality coefficient of output voltage which is caused by the instability of the angular velocity of the rotating carrier itself reaches to 4.1%. Theoretical demonstration and experimental verification show that the instability of angular velocity of the rotating carrier itself has an important effect on the stability of low damping silicon micromachined gyroscope.     

Experimental study on moving boundaries of fluid flow in porous media

Researches on the boundary shape of fluid flow in porous media play an important role in engineering practices, such as petroleum exploitation, nuclear waste disposal and groundwater contamination. In this paper, six types of artificial porous samples （emery jade） with different porosities are manufactured. With the background of slow flow in porous media, laboratory experiments are carried out by observing the movement of five types of fluids with different dynamic viscosities in various types of porous media. A digital video recorder is employed to record the complete process of the fluid flow in the porous media. Based on the digital photos of the moving boundaries of fluid flow in porous media, the average displacement and fractal dimension of the moving boundary are estimated for different combinations of porosity and dynamic viscosity. Moreover, the evolution behavior of the average velocity and fractal dimension of the moving boundary with time is known. The statistical relations of the average velocity, the fractal dimension of the moving boundary and the porosity of porous media and the dynamic viscosity of fluids are proposed in this paper. It is shown that the front shape of the moving boundary of fluid flow in porous media is an integrated result of the porosity of porous media and the dynamic viscosity of fluids.     

Application of dynamic analysis of strength reduction in the slope engineering under earthquake

At present, the methods of analyzing the stability of slope under earthquake are not accurate and reasonable because of some limitations. Based on the real dynamic tensile-shear failure mechanism of slope, the paper proposes dynamic analysis of strength reduction FEM and takes the reduction of shear strength parameters and tensile strength parameters into consideration. And it comprehensively takes the transfixion of the failure surface, the non-convergence of calculation and mutation of displacement as the criterion of dynamic instability and failure of the slope. The strength reduction factor under limit state is regarded as the dynamic safety factor of the slope under earthquake effect and its advantages are introduced. Finally, the method is applied in the seismic design of anchors supporting and anti-slide pile supporting of the slope. Calculation examples show that the application of dynamic analysis of strength reduction is feasible in the seismic design of slope engineering, which can consider dynamic interaction of supporting structure and rock-soil mass. Owing to its preciseness and great advantages, it is a new method in the seismic design of slope supporting.     

Modeling of Operators’ Workload in a Nuclear Power Plant

Accidents in a nuclear power plant are coped with by operators in the main control room （MCR）. An analysis of the workload of operators in a MCR after the happening of initiating events is helpful to the alleviation of human errors and to the promotion of training efficiency. This paper establishes a framework of how man is located in a man-ma- chine interface of a nuclear power plant （NPP） as well as a simulation of the man-machine scenario in accidents in NPPs, including the simulation of the operators＇ task and cognitive work and the establishment of task analysis. On the basis of the above, a model of the dynamic changes of the operators＇ tasks is constructed and a computation of operators＇ workload is conducted.     

Critical Discourse Analysis and Public Discourses：Dating Advertisements

This paper presents a brief introduction of discourse analysis in terms of some important concepts,and illustrates it with an analysis of discursive aspects of marketization of public discourse,specifically in dating advertisements. Its body consists of two parts：a condensed the-oretical account of critical discourse analysis（CDA）and analysis of samples of dating discourse in China and western countries.In the end,the paper points out that CDA is of great value in research work of all kinds,e.g. social scientific research.     

Cloning of plastid division gene GlFtsZ from Gentiana lutea and its expression during petal development

A full-length cDNA of GlFtsZ was isolated by screening the cDNA library of Gentiana lutea. Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence encoded by GlFtsZ indicated that GlFtsZ protein possesses the typical conservative motifs existed in all FtsZ proteins. The existence of putative plastid transit peptide in its N-terminus suggested that GlFtsZ might function inside of plastids. With the deve- lopmental process of petals of Gentiana lutea, the expression of plastid division gene GlFtsZ declined gradually, whereas the expression of carotenoids biosynthesis gene Zds increased obviously; meanwhile, in contrast to the increment of carotenoids, the content of chlorophyll in petals decreased sharply. The chloroplasts turned into chromoplasts, and the color of petals also turned from green to golden. All of these results suggested that the expression of GlFtsZ is accompanied with the development and differentiation of plastids.     

Strong summation of Cesaro means of Fourier-Laplace serie

The strong summation of FourierLaplace series in logarithmic subclasses of L2(∑d)defined in terms of moduli of continuity is of interest.In this note,the almost everywhere convergence rates of the Cesaro means for Fourier-Laplace series of the convex subclasses are obtained.The strong approximation order of the Cesaro means and the partial summation operators are also presented.     

Reliability analysis on bolt support structure of coal roadway under the influence of mining

Based on the features of the serious deformation of coal roadway, many random variables of the mechanics of the surrounding rocks and the influence of mining, the reliability analysis model of the support structure of coal roadway under the influence of mining is established, and the calculating formulas of reliability of the support structure is obtained with the engineering structure reliability theory. And the reliability is calculated based on the method of Monte Carlo to the coal roadway which is exampled on the influence of mining or not. The relationship between support parameters and reliability, the mining influence coefficients and reliability is established, which provides theory foundations for the design of the coal roadway bolt support.     

On aesthetics theory of Edmund Burke

Being one of the most important English aesthetics in the 18th century,Edmund Burke played a significant role in the develop-ment of aesthetics.And his ideas of aesthetic theory are represented by one of his treatises： A philosophical Inquiry into the Origin of OurIdeas of the Sublime and Beautiful.This paper aims at interpreting Burke＇s aesthetics ideas from the perspectives of three important terms：qualities of the objects;psychological and physical nature of the subjects and the standard of the taste.     

Structural characteristics and mechanism of hydrogen-induced disproportionation of the ZrCo alloy

The intermetallic compound ZrCo was prepared, and its hydrogen-induced disproportionation in hydrogen desorption processes was investigated. The hydrogenation-dehydrogenation thermodynamics of the ZrCo alloy was evaluated by pressure-composition isotherm measurements at different temperatures. The kinetic processes of hydrogen-induced disproportionation at different temperatures under certain pressures were detailedly studied. The disproportionation rate of the ZrCo alloy increased with the increases of temperature and initial hydrogen pressure under experimental conditions. However, the maximum attainable extent of disproportionation did not change much with an increase in temperature or initial hydrogen pressure. The crystallographic structure analysis of the ZrCo alloy combining with its corresponding dehydrogenation kinetic curves under the conditions of an initial hydrogen pressure of 0.2 MPa and a temperature of 723 K indicated that the basic process of disproportionation reactions was composed of four stages:rapid dehydrogenation of ZrCoH₃, equilibrium of dehydrogenation, simultaneity of dehydrogenation and disproportionation, and completion of disproportionation.     

Semiotic Proposition for Understanding Semantics Within Construction Documents

This research develops a methodology that helps actors in understanding information generated from multiple construction participants. It employs semiotic theory which approaches the interpreter’s understanding of the role of the representations used in construction documents to communicate meanings to other participants. This strategy is designed to aid the interpreters’ comprehension of the use of symbols. The symbols within the construction documents are forms of representations that take the form of a visual representation of a set of markers that describe a formal language, and of markers that are used to represent natural language as well as other possible representations, such as a collection of codes for indexing documents. Symbols are replaced by signs under the semiotics theory. The use of symbols as signs is this study’s recognition of the relationship between the interpreter and the material quality of symbols. The semiotic analysis is an examination of the compromise between the meanings of a representation per se and the concept associated with the understanding of such representation.     

Simulation and Optimized Design of Grid Concentration Transducer for Two-Phase Flow

A new concentration transducer for the measurement of gas/solid two-phase flow in the profile of pipeline was studied. The design of grid electrode was employed, and hence the distribute of electric field in the space was homogeneous effectively. The variance of measurement value for the influence of flow regime variations has greatly reduced, and the precision of measurement was improved. Meanwhile, optimization of axial property in the grid electrode increases the ability of tracing and measuring of the concentration signal in real-time.     

Research of Copper Foam Prepared by Forming-Knitting and Infiltration

Using forming-knitting technology and organic materials, copper foam with high porosity (>80%) and open-pore structure was successfully prepared. According to the method of immersion, the technical characteristics of metal paste performance and influence factors of sinter process were discussed. The pore morphology and compressibility of copper foam were detected simultaneously, and the structural property of copper foam prepared by the process of once-infiltrating was compared with the one of copper foam prepared by the process of twice-infiltrating. The results show that pH value of metal paste has a large influence on rheological properties of slurry. By twice-infiltrating process, the microstructure of copper foam was altered. In case of the porosity dropping indistinctly, the compression stress of copper foam platform was raised from 0.5 MPa to 1 Mpa which was of great significance to improve the energy absorption capacity of the material.