手性β-氨基醇的合成及其在不对称催化中的应用进展

在不对称有机催化反应中,具有光学活性的手性β-氨基醇由于催化效率高和应用范围广而成为广泛使用的手性配体或手性助剂,其本身在药物应用或生物学上也发挥着重要的作用.对近年来手性β-氨基醇的合成方法及其在不对称催化中的应用进展进行了综述.     

一类新型手性呋喃酮的不对称Michael加成反应

研究了2个亲核原子的胺与手性源5-孟氧基-2(5H)-呋喃酮发生的不对称Michael加成反应,合成了3个新的4-(2杂原子取代-乙胺基)-5-孟氧基-2(5H)-呋喃酮,探讨了它们的合成方法,它们的结构均经过IR,1HNMR,13CNMR,元素分析等确证.并对手性氨基二醇的合成途径进行了初步的探讨,合成了一种新型的手性氨基二醇.同时,通过实验证明:手性源5-孟氧基-2(5H)-呋喃酮的不对称加成反应的立体选择性,不仅受到孟氧基空间效应的影响,而且受到亲核试剂结构特征的影响.     

手性β-氨基醇催化的芳香醛对映选择性炔化反应

 手性β-氨基醇是不对称催化反应中应用最为广泛的手性配体之一.以L-苯丙氨酸为原料简捷合成的手性β-氨基醇L^*为手性配体,对不同取代芳香醛的对映选择性炔化反应进行了研究,结果表明其对该反应具有一定的不对称催化活性,光学收率(e.e值)最高达78.9%.     

一种多手性中心氨基醇化合物的合成

手性氨基醇结构广泛存在于天然产物和药物分子中,普遍具有良好的生物活性;同时该类化合物在不对称催化研究中也是一类重要的手性配体,因此手性氨基醇的合成研究具有重要的意义.文章合成了一种多手性中心氨基醇化合物.该化合物不仅具有刚性较大的环丙烷结构,并且具有多个手性中心,可应用于药理学筛选和不对称催化研究.     

基于氨基作H转移桥梁单体α-Ala的手性转变机理

采用密度泛函理论的B3LYP方法和微扰论的MP2方法,计算氨基作为H转移桥梁时,单体α-Ala分子手性转变过程中极小点和过渡态的结构、零点振动能和相关体系的单点能.反应通道研究发现:氨基作为H转移桥梁,单体α-Ala分子的手性转变有两个通道,一个是手性碳的H直接以氨基为桥,转移到手性碳另一侧,α-Ala分子实现手性转变;另一个是手性碳的H依次以羰基和氨基为桥,转移到手性碳另一侧,α-Ala分子实现手性转变.势能面计算表明:第一反应通道上的最高能垒为266.1kJ·mol-1,低于第二通道和只以羰基为H转移桥梁的手性转变反应通道的最高能垒319.9kJ·mol-1,也低于羧基作桥和羰基与甲基共同作桥的最高能垒316.3和337.4kJ·mol-1.结果表明:H只以氨基为桥,从手性碳的一侧迁移到另一侧的通道,是单体α-Ala手性转变反应的最优通道.     

天门冬氨酸分子手性转变机理及水分子和羟自由基的催化作用

采用密度泛函理论的B3LYP方法和微扰理论的MP2方法,研究了单体天门冬氨酸分子手性转变机理及水分子和羟自由基对氢迁移反应的催化作用.反应通道研究发现:天门冬氨酸手性转变有a,b,c和d 4个反应通道.a是手性C上的H以氨基N为桥,转移到手性C另一侧;b是手性C上的H顺次以羰基O和氨基N为桥,转移到手性碳另一侧;c是手性C上的H只以羰基O为桥,转移到手性碳另一侧;d是羧基内H迁移后,手性C上的H再以羰基O为桥,转移到手性碳另一侧.势能面计算表明:a通道是优势反应通道,最高能垒为258.2 kJ·mol~(-1),来自手性C上的H向氨基N转移的过渡态;2个水分子构成的链使该能垒降为117.1 kJ·mol~(-1),水分子和羟自由基构成的链使该能垒降为98.6 kJ·mol~(-1).     

含氮手性离子液体的合成及应用研究进展

综述咪唑鎓盐、季铵盐和吡啶鎓盐等含氮手性离子液体的合成及其在不对称催化反应中的应用研究进展.研究成果表明,手性离子液体的制备既可以直接使用手性源(如氨基酸、氨基醇、或生物碱等),也可以利用不对称合成.含氮手性离子液体手性中心的构建、固载化方法以及构效关系将是今后研究工作的重点.     

限域在扶手椅型SWBNNT内Lys分子手性转变的反应机理

采用量子力学与分子力学组合的ONIOM方法, 研究限域在扶手椅型单壁氮化硼纳米管(SWBNNT)内赖氨酸(Lys)分子手性转变的反应机理. 采用原子中心密度矩阵传播（ADMP)分子动力学方法, 研究Lys分子在SWBNNT(5,5)内手性转变反应通道入口与出口势能面上的动态反应路径, 给出中间体和产物的微观动态反应图像. 结果表明： 随着纳米管管径的减小, 限域其中的Lys分子骨架C原子间的键角明显增大; 手性C上的H与氨基N的距离逐渐变小; 在SWBNNT(5,5)内, 通过2个基元反应Lys分子实现了手性转变; 在SWBNNT(6,6)和SWBNNT(7,7)内, 通过3个和4个基元反应Lys分子实现了手性转变 ; 在SWBNNT(5,5)内, Lys分子手性转变反应决速步骤自由能垒降为最低值190.1 kJ/mol. 在 SWBNNT(7,7)内, 决速步骤能垒与裸反应基本相同.     

几种稳定构型精氨酸分子的手性转变反应机理及水溶剂化效应

采用密度泛函理论的B3LYP方法、微扰理论的MP2方法和自洽反应场(SCRF)理论的smd模型方法,研究了2种最稳定构型的精氨酸分子的手性转变机理及水溶剂化效应.研究发现标题反应有3条通道a、b和c.对于构型1,分别是手性碳上的质子以氨基、羰基和氨基联合以及羧基和氨基联合为桥迁移.对于构型2,分别是手性碳上的质子只以氨基为桥、羧基异构后再以氨基为桥迁移及以羧基和氨基联合作桥迁移.势能面计算表明:构型1的主反应通道都是a,决速步自由能垒分别为268.2kJ·mol~(-1),来源于质子从手性碳向氨基氮迁移的过渡态.构型2的主反应通道是b,决速步自由能垒为239.3kJ·mol~(-1),来源于质子从手性碳向氨基氮迁移的过渡态.水溶剂效应使构型2的主反应通道决速步自由能垒降到95.7kJ·mol~(-1).结果表明:随着温度的升高,构型2先手性转变;水溶剂对精氨酸的手性转变有极好的催化作用.     

限域在扶手椅型SWBNNT内Lys分子手性转变的反应机理和动力学

采用量子力学与分子力学组合的ONIOM方法,研究限域在扶手椅型单壁氮化硼纳米管(SWBNNT)内赖氨酸(Lys)分子手性转变的反应机理.采用原子中心密度矩阵传播(ADMP)分子动力学方法,研究Lys分子在SWBNNT(5,5)内手性转变反应通道入口与出口势能面上的动态反应路径,给出中间体和产物的微观动态反应图像.结果表明:随着纳米管管径的减小,限域其中的Lys分子骨架C原子间的键角明显增大;手性C上的H与氨基N的距离逐渐变小;在SWBNNT(5,5)内,通过2个基元反应Lys分子实现了手性转变;在SWBNNT(6,6)和SWBNNT(7,7)内,通过3个和4个基元反应Lys分子实现了手性转变;在SWBNNT(5,5)内,Lys分子手性转变反应决速步骤自由能垒降为最低值190.1kJ/mol.在SWBNNT(7,7)内,决速步骤能垒与裸反应基本相同.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.