用复合模板剂制备介孔氧化铝

以非离子表面活性剂P123为模板剂,水杨酸和均苯四甲酸酐为辅助模板剂,异丙醇铝为铝源,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备介孔氧化铝,并用XRD、HRTEM和N2吸附-脱附等手段对产物结构进行表征.实验结果表明,辅助模板剂的适量添加可增大氧化铝的比表面积,当n(均苯四甲酸酐)∶n(水杨酸)∶n(Al)=0.25∶0.05∶1时,合成的样品经过400,800℃煅烧,可制得比表面积为470,253 m2·g-1的介孔氧化铝;样品在900℃煅烧后依然保持γ-Al2O3晶相结构.     

复合模板剂制备有序介孔氧化铝

采用溶胶-凝胶法以异丙醇铝为铝源,乙醇为溶剂,非离子表面活性剂TritonX-100和三嵌段共聚物P123为复合模板剂,制备了有序介孔氧化铝。用PSD、XRD、TEM等测试技术对样品进行了结构表征,实验结果表明,合成的有序介孔氧化铝比表面积大于500m²/g,孔容超过1.0cm³/g,孔径分布窄（2～12nm）,形成的蠕虫状孔道具有一定的有序性,与采用单一模板剂P123制得的介孔氧化铝相比具有比表面积大,孔分布窄,有序性好的优点。最佳模板剂配比为 n(TritonX-100)∶n(P123)=3∶1。     

在低表面活性剂浓度下合成含Y沸石次级结构单元的介孔分子筛

以表面Mol比很低(xsurf／xSiO2=0．07)的阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)和阴离子表面活性剂(SL)的混合水溶液为模板，以具有Y沸石次级结构单元的溶胶为前驱体，在碱性条件下合成了孔道结构类似于MCM-41的介孔分子筛，样品的XRD、FT—IR、N2吸附-脱附、SEM等表征表明合成的介孔分子筛是孔壁含Y沸石次级结构单元的六角相结构，该介孔分子筛的孔壁厚于常规水热方法得到的MCM-41材料的孔壁，它的形貌有别于常规水热方法得到的MCM—41的疏松形貌，为网状交叉结构。对样品水热稳定性的考察显示，在600℃ 100％水蒸气下处理10h，仍然可以保持其中孔结构。     

新型介孔材料M41S的合成机理及影响产物结构的因素

综述了新型介孔材料M41S合成机理的研究进，硅酸盐物种以液晶或胶束作模板剂形成介孔结构，可用液晶模板机理解释；硅酸盐物种与表面活性剂离子在较低浓度下形成六方堆积的介孔结构，可用协同模板机理解释。水热反应混合物组成、表面活性剂与硅酸盐摩尔比和酸碱性等对介孔产物的结构有很大影响。另外，讨论了影响孔径和稳定性的因素。     

有序介孔材料的合成及其在环境科学中的应用

有序介孔材料具有高比表面积，孔道排列长程有序，孔径在2－50nm之间。该类材料是以表面活性剂作为模板，在一定条件下模板与无机组分相互作用通过超分子组装过程形成的。人们已经合成出具有不同组成，孔结构和性能的介孔材料，这类材料在光，电，磁催化和吸附分离等许多领域有潜在应用价值。本文对介孔材料的合成，合成机理以及在环境科学中的应用进行了综述。     

六方介孔硅基分子筛SBA-3合成条件的优化与表征

采用X射线衍射、N2吸附-脱附、热重-热差分析方法，考察了合成物体系中表面活性剂与硅源的量之比、反应温度、晶化时间、酸度及共溶剂等反应条件对SBA-3硅基介孔分子筛合成过程中结晶度、比表面积及热稳定性的影响，并筛选出较佳的反应条件。结果表明，以正硅酸乙酯为硅源，十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为结构模板剂时，表面活性剂与硅源的量之比在0．12～1．2时，均可得到六方相介孔材料。最佳合成条件：较强酸性介质(pH值为-0．6)、反应温度为0℃、晶化时间为24h。对共溶剂的考察发现，三甲基苯有较好的扩孔性能，其加入量与表面活性剂的加入量之比为1时，能合成出比表面积高达1200m^2／g、晶形较好的SBA-3介孔材料。     

过渡金属离子对介孔氧化硅粒子大小的影响

目的:考察过渡金属离子对表面活性剂诱导模板法合成的介孔氧化硅粒子大小的影响.方法:通过合成过程中加入不同浓度的Cr2+,Ni2+,Cu2+和Fe2+离子,制备不同粒径的介孔氧化硅.结果:通过X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)确定所合成的氧化硅的介孔结构;通过透射电镜(TEM)和扫描电镜(SEM)观测合成的介孔氧化硅的形貌和粒子大小.结论:通过表面活性剂诱导模板法所合成的氧化硅具有有序的介孔结构,过渡金属离子的添加,使介孔氧化硅粒径变小,并且,随过渡金属离子浓度的增加,介孔氧化硅的粒径更小.同时,过渡金属离子的引入,还使介孔氧化硅粒子的表面粗糙度发生改变.     

以双子表面活性剂为模板全微波辐射合成介孔分子筛MCM-48

以新型表面活性剂双子表面活性剂C18H37N+(CH3)2(CH2)10N+(CH3)2C18H37·2Br-作为模板剂,采用全微波辐射工艺合成出有序介孔材料MCM-48.研究了全微波合成过程中的体系配比、酸碱度、微波功率和时间对反应晶化和脱模的影响.结果表明,利用全微波技术合成介孔分子筛MCM-48,与水热法相比可缩短反应时间,所得产物具有三维的介孔排列结构,孔径约3.5nm.     

六方介孔硅基分子筛SBA-3合成条件的优化与表征

采用X射线衍射、N2 吸附脱附、热重热差分析方法 ,考察了合成物体系中表面活性剂与硅源的量之比、反应温度、晶化时间、酸度及共溶剂等反应条件对SBA - 3硅基介孔分子筛合成过程中结晶度、比表面积及热稳定性的影响 ,并筛选出较佳的反应条件。结果表明 ,以正硅酸乙酯为硅源 ,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为结构模板剂时 ,表面活性剂与硅源的量之比在 0 .12～ 1.2时 ,均可得到六方相介孔材料。最佳合成条件 :较强酸性介质 (pH值为 - 0 .6 )、反应温度为 0℃、晶化时间为 2 4h。对共溶剂的考察发现 ,三甲基苯有较好的扩孔性能 ,其加入量与表面活性剂的加入量之比为1时 ,能合成出比表面积高达 12 0 0m2 / g、晶形较好的SBA 3介孔材料。     

非离子表面活性剂模板合成介孔TiO_2的研究

文章以非离子表面活性剂聚乙二醇和OP乳化剂为模板,醋酸为抑制剂,通过溶胶凝胶法制备了介孔TiO2,通过正交试验得到了制备介孔TiO2光催化剂的较优实验条件为:固定钛酸丁酯10 mL,V乙醇∶V钛酸丁酯=6∶1,醋酸4 mL,水8 mL,PEG-1000与OP-10的质量比1∶3。用SEM和XRD对所制备的催化剂进行了表征,以罗丹明B为模拟有机污染物对催化剂的光催化脱色性能进行了考察。结果表明,在优化条件下得到的介孔TiO2具有良好的光催化性能。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that