Zur polarographischen Untersuchung von Peroxiden und oxydierten Fetten

Summary The origin of the polarographic peak between 0 and –0.2 V caused by oxidized fats and by different peroxides, especially diacyl peroxides dissolved in LiCl in methanol/benzene, has been investigated with a cathode ray polarograph. This peak is caused by a reduction of Hg-ions. Certain peroxides favour the oxidation of the Hg-metal of the electrode to Hg-ions; thereby the diffusion current is proportional to the peroxide concentration. An addition of Hg-ions to the peroxide solution increases the peak height. Hg²⁺- and Hg⁺-solutions without peroxide yield a similar peak.     

Zur Methodik der elektrophoretischen Untersuchung der Proteine der Speicheldrüsensekrete

Summary Several methods have been studied for concentrating the human saliva in order to get reliable electrophoresis patterns. The best method is a dialysis in a cellophane tube against veronal buffer (pH 8.2) followed by vacuum exsiccation.     

Beitrag zur Frage nach der Beteiligung lebender Stammzellen am Saftsteigen

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Zur Austestung von Wachstumsinhibitoren für Tuberkelbazillenin vitro

Summary The addition of serum or Tween 80 to a synthetic culture medium for tubercle bacilli considerably reduces the inhibitory effect of various substances with the exception of streptomycin and promin, whose effect is less weakened, and which retain their tuberculostatic action to a considerable degree. The antagonistic effect of Tween 80 is still recognizable in small dilutions where its diffusion effect can no longer be observed.

---

---

Die Arbeit wurde durch einen Arbeitsbeschaffungskredit des Bundes ermöglicht, für dessen Gewährung wir auch an dieser Stelle danken.     

Fibrinolyse im Kammerwasser menschlicher und tierischer Augen

Summary In the aqueous humour of human subjects and of various animals species, a fibrinolytic system has been demonstrated which, as regards streptokinase, shows the same properties as the corresponding plasma. Presumably the actual fibrinolytic activity in the aqueous humour is greater than in the plasma.     

Zur Wirkung von Colchiceinamiden an Zellenin vitro undin vivo

Summary Colchiceine-N-mono-methylamide is 3–4 times as active as colchicine as shown by its effect on the mouse-ascites-tumor (Ehrlich) and on fibroblastsin vitro.     

Neue mehrfache Untersuchungen am gleichen Kammerwasser menschlicher Augen

Summary The normal human aequous has a volume of 0.12–0.20 cm³ and its protein content is from 10 to 20 mg%. We ascertained the specific weight by the falling drop method in a mixture of xylol and brombenzene. In order to estimate the protein content, we placed a series of drops from the human aequous on filter paper with the Agla pipette; they were then tinted with amido-black and the optical density of the eluted spots was read in the Beckman spectrophotometer. The remnants of 2–3 specimens of human aequous were then brought together and concentrated there until the protein concentration is just sufficient to allow a separation into the various fractions by paper-electrophoresis.      

Zur Bestimmung der Elastizitätsgrenze von Bindegewebsstrukturen in vitro

Summary Biological connective tissues are not perfectly elastic. They contain viscous, friction, and elastic elements. Consequently, complex mechanical behaviour can be observed. It is not possible to determine an elastic limit, as in inorganic solids. There are difficulties in measuring a natural state which can serve as a reference for mechanical testing procedures. The method described generates a steady state in the test specimen and allows the determination of a relative elastic limit.     

Zur Frage der Wirkung von DTPA auf Säugerchromosomen in vitro

Summary The influence of DTPA on the chromosome aberration rate of Chinese hamster cells in culture was studied. No increase of the aberration rate was observed after treatment with 10^–2 and 10^–3 M concentrations.     

Elektronenmikroskopischer Vergleich menschlicher Iriskapillaren bei Glaucoma simplex und bei Katarakt

Résumé Dans les cellules endothéliales de capillaires iridiens de glaucomateux, on a constaté une diminution du volume des mitochondries, des vésicules micropinocytotiques et du nombre des ribosomes libres ainsi qu'un amincissement de la membrane basale. En revanche, ces cellules sont riches en corpuscules tubulaires «rod-shaped tubular bodies» deWeibel etPalade.     

Elektronenmikroskopischer nachweis von langerhansschen zellen im epithel normaler menschlicher vagina

Summary Typical Langerhans cells were demonstrated in the normal human vaginal epithel by electron- microscopic means.     

Änderung des Glukosetransports frischer menschlicher Erythrozyten bei längerer Inkubation

Summary Incubation of fresh defibrinated blood at 37°C increases the volume of red cells and decreases their permeation rate for glucose. The kinetics of sugar transport show direct proportionality between rate and the osmotic content of red cells. The measured volume changes and the changes of osmotic content calculated from the glucose permeation curves are in good agreement. Adenosine reconstitutes the increased volume and the decreased permeation rate in red cells. Therefore the decrease in permeation rate is explained by the increase in volume.     

Die Wirkung von Eiweissfraktionen normaler menschlicher Sera auf die Thrombocytenzahl der Maus

Summary We investigated the thrombocytosis-producing activity of different protein-fractions of human sera in mice. The whole sera, the albumin,- and-globulins were ineffective, whereas the-globulins caused a more or less exact thrombocytosis in mice. The effectiveness of the thrombopoetic activity present in normal human sera is probably inhibited by a factor connected with another protein-fraction.     

Die polarographische Untersuchung von Chalkonen und Flavanonen

Summary It has been found by polarographic analysis in neutral or acid solution that chalcones show two reduction potentials, while flavanones show only one.It was possible to determine 2'-hydroxy-chalcone beside flavanone with a polarograph.The formation rate of a chalcone from an aldehyde and a ketone could be followed polarographically.     

Quantitative Untersuchung der Chelatbildung zwischen Rutin und Aluminium-III-chlorid

Summary The hypothesis of T. I.Mabry ⁶ about the chelatstructure of flavonoids with aluminium-III-chlorid could be confirmed by usingJob's⁷ method of continuous variations.     

Zur Stereochemie der Propandioldehydrase-Reaktion

Summary Propanedioldehydrase is shown to convert both (+)-(S)-2-²H-propanediol,3, and (–)-(R)-1-²H₂-propanediol,5, to specimens of deuterated propion-aldehyde, for which the (S)-configuration has been established. Thus, in the propanedioldehydrase reaction migration of hydrogen atoms from C–1 to C–2 always occurs with inversion of configuration.     

Zur Frage der Alternsforschung

Summary Starting from the social problem of increasing average age, the aims and methods of modern research on ageing are discussed. They are based on experiment and observation of the ageing processes over the whole span of life from birth to death, corresponding to the shifting of the steady state characterising the living. Here, the energy economy of the organism, the maintenance of the biopotentials and the biotone are of special importance. The energy requirement is measured by means of the basal metabolism, this depending on the size of the organism. In this connection, the hypothesis ofRubner concerning the constancy of the amount of energy convertible per individual is discussed. Further considerations are given to the course of the ageing processes, whether of single organs or of a population of organisms. The survival statistics of the latter may be interpreted according toPütter as the result of the combat between damage and resistance. The connection between the change of adaptive and regenerative capacity and the diseases of old age is mentioned. Finally, the psychological and mental aspects are emphasised. In addition to statistical studies on senescence, prolonged observation on single individuals is afforded and suitable tests to follow the ageing processes have to be elaborated.

---

---

Einführendes Referat anlässlich des Symposiums der Schweizerischen Gesellschaft für Gerontologie vom 11. Dezember 1954 in Basel (Vorsitz Prof.Verzár). Referate der Vorträge siehe Schweiz. med. Wschr.85, 686 (1955).     

Zur Chemotherapie der Tuberkulose

Summary The paper deals with recent advances in chemotherapy of tuberculosis. In view of the fact that chemical analysis has shown the lipoid nature of tubercle bacilli and in view of the favorable therapeutic results obtained by treating leprosy with chaulmoogra-acids, the leading idea of many authors was to synthetize lipoidsoluble substances in order to affect the growth of tubercle bacilli. However, the finding that water-soluble substances as Promin inhibit the growth of the microorganisms showed that the idea to use exclusively fatsoluble substances was not necessarily right. Although the therapeutic effects of Promin are not yet particularly encouraging, the experiments made with this substances are useful as they indicate a new direction for research in chemotherapy of tuberculosis. Some of our own experiments with diaminodiphenylsulphone-derivatives are described.     

Zur Frage der Mesonenmassen

Summary The measurement of meson masses in the cosmic radiation with a slowly expanding wilson chambre indicates mesons of different masses. There are at least two different masses, one between 100m ₀ and 200m ₀, and the other exceeding 200m ₀.